Appendix:Maban word lists
The following are comparative word lists of Maban languages.
Edgar (1991) & Blench (2021) edit
The following comparative word list of Maban languages is from Edgar (1991: 125-133).[1] The languages are Maba, Masalit, Aiki, and Kibet. Much of Edgar's (1991) data is based on Nougayrol (1986), which is provided in the second section.
Preliminary reconstructions of Proto-Maban from Blench (2021) (not in Edgar 1991) have also been included below.[2]
Key edit
- Curly braces {}: plural form
- (m): masculine, male
- (f): feminine, female
List edit
| No. | Gloss | Proto-Maban | Maba | Masalit | Aiki | Kibet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abdomen | *kuɲi-k | kùñi-k | kunyi | kúi | |
| 2 | above | *tàŋga | tál | dól | tàŋga | tʌŋgʌl |
| 3 | accusative | *-gV | gú | -ko | ga | |
| 4 | all | dum [< Arabic] | támà [< Arabic] | tum [< Arabic] | du [< Arabic] | |
| 5 | ashes | *awun-di; *awund- | àwún | àwén-dì | àw`n-dí | awun-di |
| 6 | back | *-da- | der-iŋ/dahr [< Arabic] | sar-gi(-ko) [< Arabic] | sìdá | siida |
| 7 | bad | nemere-k tan | biyɛ | cén [< Arabic] | jar san | |
| 8 | be | *Vnd- | -índ- | -ind- | -ènd- | |
| 9 | beard | *gamV.sV | kamur | kàmárì | gàmsì {gàmsù} | |
| 10 | because | ká | gì-taʃanim | go | ||
| 11 | bed | angareb | kárá | agera/àŋgèrép | ||
| 12 | bee | *kìmíɲ-i | kimin | tímíŋ-gì {Ø} | kènéñé-tíñiŋ | kimeñ-i {-u} |
| 13 | beehive | jùkù-tá | còk/zúŋgo (?) | |||
| 14 | belly | tabu-k | kúnyò | bùtùlù [< Arabic] | kul | |
| 15 | big/old | kula-k | kódì/guri | kwàyɛ̀/kùdè-ndé | kwɔlɛ/kuyoy | |
| 16 | bird | *kùʃi-k/-tu | kùʃi-k {-tu} {kúʃkúʃée} | kúʃí-k kúcì {kúcé/kucije} | kòs-í {-ìt} | kwòsí {kusudduk} |
| 17 | bite | *-iʧ- | -is- | -iʃ- | -òtí- | -ut-ed- |
| 18 | black | lù-lú-yòk | dú-ŋgì | d`k'n {d`k`nò} | dì-ndík {-ndó} | |
| 19 | blood | *fàrí-ŋ | àríi | fàríŋ | pày {-ó}/fáai | fal {-u} ari |
| 20 | body | *ndu-k; *nduu-k / *ndu-tu | ndùu | ndǔ | ndù-k | ndu-k |
| 21 | bone | kàñjí-k | kónjì | jìŋg`r {jùŋgɔ̀rɔ̀} | njekedi {njùkùdú} | |
| 22 | boundary | la-ldi {-ri} | yà-i {-yò} | |||
| 23 | branch | bíláa | fira | |||
| 24 | breast | *àŋgò-ɲì | àŋgûn | áŋgùinì | àŋgòñì | àŋgòñì |
| 25 | bring | *-ánár- | -ánár- | -ɪnar- | -ínàr- | -anʌr- |
| 26 | brother | *-ir | -ir | -ir | -ir | -ir |
| 27 | calabash | àŋgɔ́yìì | àŋgɔ̀dɔ̀dɔ̀ŋ | |||
| 28 | causative | *nd- | nd- | nd- | nd-/-taa- | |
| 29 | charcoal | *kikimi-k | kikimi-k | kicimi | kúyúy-ì | g`ʃìʃìim-âŋ |
| 30 | child | *kà-kàlá-k | kà-kàlá-k (f) | kara (f) | kàykày | kálkàl |
| 31 | child | kàlà-k (m) | kimam (m) | kʌlme (m) | ||
| 32 | cloth | caaka [< Arabic] | joox [< Arabic] | cáaká [< Arabic] | ||
| 33 | cold | *àtàandí | kera [< Arabic] | kérí-mà [< Arabic] | àtàandí | àtàandí |
| 34 | come | *-àr- | -àr- | -ár- | -èer- | -âr- |
| 35 | corn | kalla | kornyaŋ | kíyáŋ | ||
| 36 | sorghum[3] | *àsé-k | ɛ́sɛ́ɛ | ásè | ás'-k | assee |
| 37 | cough | -ɪcokor- | -dòkòr- | |||
| 38 | country | daar [< Arabic] | gani/kasɛ [< Arabic] | kàsɛ̀ [< Arabic] | laŋ | |
| 39 | cow | *dV-k | dɛ̀-k | dèe | dɔ̀-k | dɔ̀-k |
| 40 | crow | agura-k | agura [< Arabic] | |||
| 41 | cry | *-ool- | -ool- | -oor- | -òrò- | |
| 42 | cut | *atam-; *wa-ntәm-V | -atam- | -ífɛ́l- | -èt'm- | -and(ay)- |
| 43 | day | dalka | dɛkadi [< Arabic] | sɔ́ɔrɔ́ | sarwɔ | |
| 44 | die | *-ɪy- | -ɔ́y- | -ɪy- | -í- | -iy- |
| 45 | dig | *-uur- | -uur- | -uul- | -or-ɔŋ- | |
| 46 | dog | *mìɲu-k | ñû-k | ínjì | míñ {mìñjìt} | mìñ {mìnjík} |
| 47 | dream | *-ɔ̀lɔ̀l- | -ɔ̀lɔ̀l- | -arir- | -òyèy | |
| 48 | drink | *w-àŋ-V | -y-áŋ- | -aŋ- | -àŋ- | -aŋ- |
| 49 | dry | *naba-ri | nojir | fɛrɛ | nàbày/ninjim | nʌbaai |
| 50 | dust/sand | gìsìŋáa/ganun | gani/gari | k`sìaá-k/kí(y)ák | kʌsya/kí(y)à | |
| 51 | ear | koi-k | kwóyɛ̀ | kàsá | kàsá | |
| 52 | eat | *-aɲɔ- | -añ- | -iny- | -ñɔ̀- | -ñɔ̀- |
| 53 | egg | *kademi-k | kademi-k | kéndèŋgí {kédèm} | kàdɛ̀mɔ̀ŋ {ɔ̀} | kadɛm-aŋ {-ɔŋɔ} |
| 54 | elephant | *àŋɔ̀-n | ŋòo-n {-ñíi} | mùŋ-gì {jɛ} | àŋɔ̀n {-tí} | aŋɔn |
| 55 | enter | *-aʧ- | -ày- | -ac-/-ay- | -aas | -as- |
| 56 | eye | *kàSì-k | kàʃì-k {-ñi} | kóo-gí {-sí} | kàs-`k {-ò} | kàs {-u} |
| 57 | face | (n)yo {yetu} | úyò {úyé}; yo-gi {-sɛ} "forehead" | àydó/wújé [< Arabic]; {áydò/wújó} | wujɛ [< Arabic]; {wujildò} | |
| 58 | fall | -ongun- | -inder-cir- | -ùs-'t- | -us-it- | |
| 59 | far | lɛl-ti | nyɛlɛ | dɛl | ||
| 60 | farm | ɔsur [< Arabic] | asurti [< Arabic] | sɔɔrɔ [< Arabic] | ||
| 61 | fat (n) | *ɲamu-g | niamu-k | nyomor | ñìm {ñímú} | ñim {ñumo} |
| 62 | finger | kartoŋgala-k | nagaram | kàrá | kàrá | |
| 63 | fingernail | *sinʤimi ? | ñíŋgírmísì-k | kinjimi | síŋgímì | síŋgírìm |
| 64 | fire | wàsí-k {-ì} | wàasí | n`s`k {nusu} | n`s`-k | |
| 65 | fish | *kuɲa-ŋ | kuño | kúnyò | kùñúŋ {-ó} | kuñaŋ |
| 66 | five | *tuur | t(ú)ùr | tur | túur | tur |
| 67 | fly (v) | ber-ir- | fɪr-ig- | |||
| 68 | fly (n) | *aɲi-ɲi | áñìŋ | áñìŋ-gì | àñíñí | añini |
| 69 | foot | *ʤon-di | ja-k {-ñi} | jo-ŋyi {-Ø} | dò-dí | dòo-dí |
| 70 | four | *aʧal- | àssàal | as | áttɛ́y | atal |
| 71 | full | *biŋ- | fíŋ {-ti} | biŋga | bíyím/bíc/bíjàsé | bɪc |
| 72 | garden | zagia [< Arabic] | zágè [< Arabic] | sɔ̀kɔ̀ [< Arabic] | ||
| 73 | giraffe | ifir [< Arabic] {-ii} | leri garaŋgi | àwár [< Arabic] {àwàrtí} | ||
| 74 | give | *w-uɲ | -ɔ̀ny- | -ìŋy- | -ìiñ- | -iñ- |
| 75 | give | *-and- | -and- | -and- | -àndàas- | |
| 76 | give birth | *-uɲ- | -uŋ- | -uuny- | -ìñ- | |
| 77 | go | *wәway- | -ày- | -ay- | -ày- | -ɔkɔŋ- |
| 78 | goat | *(m)-and-V | jo-k | ju-lgi | àndèi | ʌndi |
| 79 | good | nemere-k | kallɛ [< Arabic] | sám [< Arabic] | jár | |
| 80 | gourd | *kUdU-k | kuudu-k | kòdòkó | kédé | kɛde |
| 81 | grass | luwa | tari | yà-k | la/lɔ | |
| 82 | green | *raa-ŋ-Vk | drì-drí-yàk | ráa-ŋgi | raa-ndɪk | raa-ndɪk |
| 83 | ground | *bar-Vŋ | bárr | bùurá | bàañíŋ | bañʌŋ |
| 84 | hair | *tufu-k / *tufu-i | tìfí-k {-í} | tíŋà/tifa | tòw | tɔwi |
| 85 | hand | *kara | kara/kana | kɔ́rɔ̀ | kàrá {kɔro} | kàrá {kórɔ́} |
| 86 | head | *kiʧi-k | kíjí-k | kújò | kì {kíjé} | kìc {kujo} |
| 87 | hear | -in-uŋg- | -`n- | -in-ɪn-ʌŋ- | ||
| 88 | heart | *kùlì-k | kùlì-k {-íi} | kùrî | jì | ad sa, cf. kul {-do} "belly" |
| 89 | heavy | lulu | lera | |||
| 90 | here | *guN | gun | gìm | gin | gɪn |
| 91 | hoe | *kìɲáɲá | kañya | kaña | kìñáñá | |
| 92 | hole | *agu | agu | àgù | àgù | |
| 93 | honey | *kimiɲi-k | kimiin | kìrímà-k | kèméñé | kimiñi |
| 94 | horn | *kàmi-k / *kem-du | kèmí-k | kámì | gàm-dí | gàm-dí |
| 95 | horse | *bɛ̀rɛ́-k | bɛ̀rɛ́-k {-íi} | bɛrɛ | fila/pla {p ltìt} | fia |
| 96 | house | *ta-ŋi | táŋ | taŋi | tòŋgó | tòŋgó |
| 97 | house/nest | *kudoŋ-tu | kuruŋ | kurdi kùdɛ́/korok "inside" | kùdù {-wó} | kuduo |
| 98 | hunger | ajuu [< Arabic] | wicitiɛ | àtú [< Arabic] | àtù {àtùdó} [< Arabic] | |
| 99 | hyena | *àbó-lí | húiyà ("howl") | awiyɛ | àbólí {àbòlìt} | aboi {-dik} |
| 100 | l | *am-V | àm | ama | àmɔ̀ | ámɔ̀ |
| 101 | kill | *-àsɔ́w- | -ìyw-ír- | -iyaw- | -àsɔ́w- | -asao- |
| 102 | knee | *túmV-k | túmó-k {-jé} | kádìŋyo | d`m-dí {-dú} | dàm-tí {-tú} |
| 103 | know | *-oʧ-iŋ- | -as-iŋ- | -os-iŋ- | -òt-èŋ- | -ot- k- |
| 104 | laugh | *-ɛʧɛk- | -ask- | -ɛcɛk- | -dɛ́- | -àt-ây- |
| 105 | (n/a) | |||||
| 106 | leave | -àbbàan- | -abas-iŋ- | -bù- | -ubunn- | |
| 107 | left | bala | kɛ̀rɛ́ | dɛ̀kía | dʌkʌle | |
| 108 | lion | *àmárà-k | àmárà-k | ama-ra {-kar} | màndày {màndèltí} | |
| 109 | long | *de-le-k | le-le-k | cùkáŋgí | dè-dì {-ké} | dè-dì {-ké} |
| 110 | louse | mèsèlé-k {-Ø} | akiŋgi | mànjɛ́ {munjo} | minj-e {-i} | |
| 111 | male | *már- | már-ʃée {-Ø} | már-gì {-sɛ} | már | |
| 112 | man | *máʃì-k | máʃì-k {-ún} | ka-ŋgi {-Ø} | kà-mɛ́rɛ́ | kà-mɛ̀rɛ́ |
| 113 | man | *kámbà-k | kámbà-k | kàmbâ | mɛ́rɛ́t {mèrèt} | |
| 114 | meat | *ɲù-k | ñù-k {-'ú} | nyú-gì | ndobo | yibo {-do} |
| 115 | milk | *-jù-k | sílá | jíi | jù-k {-Ø} | ájù |
| 116 | millet paste | *pàttár | futiir | pàttár | ||
| 117 | monkey | *gur-i | gùr {-íi} | gur-gi {-i} | àgùr {-tí} | |
| 118 | moon | *áyɛ̀-k | ɛ́yɛ̀-k | áyɛ̀ | ànj'-k | ànj'-k |
| 119 | mortar | fonduk [< Arabic] | funduk [< Arabic] | b`dì | ||
| 120 | mosquito | *anʤul-Vk | agel-ek {-ni} | anjul-gi | àjìkíñí {-t} | |
| 121 | mother | *ɲíŋ | ñíŋ | ñiŋ | ||
| 122 | mother | daa | yá | |||
| 123 | mountain | *kòmàan-k | kodo-k {-Ø} | kómà {-jɛ} | kòmàan-dí {-dó} | kùmàan-dí |
| 124 | mountain | kodo-k {-Ø} | kondola | kadʌkkei "stone" | ||
| 125 | mouth | kan-a {-tu} | kánà | yù-k | yù-k | |
| 126 | name | *mílí-ik | mílí-i {-síi} | mirsi {-ldiŋ} | mèek-í {-ú} | m lk-i {-udɔ} |
| 127 | navel | *dùmú-k | dùmú-k {-ú} | àdìm {àdùmù} | àd'm {adumo} | |
| 128 | neck | biti-k | kótì | k`rmí | k`rmí | |
| 129 | new | *ɲɛnd-ɪk | ñɛnd-ɪk {-isi} | ŋúndì {' '} | w`nd-í {-ò} | |
| 130 | night | íʃè/òjùrkó | kosaŋ | dìindé | díindò | |
| 131 | nine | *kada-li | òddói | adɛ | kadeel | kʌdai |
| 132 | nose | *dúrmì | boiñ | dúrmì | mùndú | mùndù |
| 133 | of | *-nta-ŋ | -na | -taŋ | -na-ŋ | |
| 134 | oil (cf. fat) | *ɲàmú-k | ñàmú-k | ñámì | ñum | ñum |
| 135 | old person | *monjo-l | manjil | monjo-kola (f) | mìnjò/mɔ̀njɔ̀ | |
| 136 | one | *tuwa-ni | tɔ́ɔ | tyom/tóo/tíilo | tùwá | tuwni |
| 137 | only | *ndei | dee | dei | ndó | |
| 138 | open | -wútúl- | -uutur- | |||
| 139 | outside | fɛ̀ríŋ | orro "behind" sóolɛ̀ | àrí -ifiriŋ- "go out" | kɔ̀lé | |
| 140 | owner | *tɛ̀nɛ́ | tɛ̀nɛ́ | tɛ́nɛ̀ | tɛ̀nɛ́ | |
| 141 | palm of hand | adadaŋg | adaraŋgi | kàrá kwíy | ||
| 142 | paper | furuk [< Arabic] | farax [< Arabic] | párák [< Arabic] | ||
| 143 | path | liŋa-k [< Sango] | búrtì [< Fulfulde] | ñɔ̀ŋgwɛ́yɛ̀ | ñɔ́ŋgɔ̀lɛ̀ | |
| 144 | penis | gùmbûl | kumbor | àwɛ́y | auw l | |
| 145 | pepper | filfil [< Arabic] | pílpíl [< Arabic] | |||
| 146 | person | *kaŋ-gi | kaŋg/kai | kaŋgi | kàŋ {kè} | kaŋ {ke} |
| 147 | porridge | *ɲɛ̀rɛ́-k | nyɛ̀rɛ́-k | nyuguru | ñàŋ | |
| 148 | pot | dábáŋgáa [< Arabic] | dabaŋga [< Arabic] | dabʌŋga [< Arabic] | ||
| 149 | pot | *saka-ŋa | siŋgaŋ | sakana | sàkán | |
| 150 | pound | *-Vduk- | -udduŋg- | -ɪduk- | -dɔɔk- | |
| 151 | rabbit | *mɔ̀mɔ́-k | mɔ̀mɔ́-k {-tu} | máamà {-jɛ} | màsá | |
| 152 | rain | *ʧa-k | inji | sa | tà-k {tá} | ta |
| 153 | monsoon | kìlɛ̀ɛrí | kɔ́dírwò | kɔdɔrwo | ||
| 154 | rat | *a-ʧu-k | jik {-etu/isi} | jù {-'cé} | àj-ù {-út} | \ʌ̀jú {-tuk} |
| 155 | red | kù-kú-yàk | ko-ŋgi {-ni} "brown" | ndàláŋ | kwònjé-k {kùnjɔ́} | |
| 156 | remain | *-irɛŋ- | -iirŋ- | -irɛŋg- | -ri-t- | |
| 157 | right | *kolo-ŋ | kolon | kòdòrkónjí | koyɪŋga | kolɔŋ |
| 158 | ripen | *oyɔ̀m- | -yɔ̀m- | -oom- | -òm- | |
| 159 | river | *tà-k | bita-k {-si} | madaldi [< Fur] | tà-k {-Ø} | ta |
| 160 | rotten | tuyɛ | tiyɔye | tiyoi | ||
| 161 | salt/iron | *tiroye | uja | áŋgò | síim; sàim-í {-ú} | silim; salmiɛ |
| 162 | sand | *abi-yV | fi "soil" | abi | abiyó-í {-yu} | abileli |
| 163 | satisfied | *-iil- | -iil- | -ɔil- | -iid- | |
| 164 | sauce | su | su | tò-k | ||
| 165 | say | *-ayer-; *-ndis- | -er- | -ɛr- | -ày`r- | -ayer- |
| 166 | scratch | *-íɲàs-ón- | -ɪŋos- | -íñàs-ón- | -iñas-ɛn- | |
| 167 | see | *-ɔnd-k- | -oko- | -iser/ikel- | -ɔ̀ɔnd- | -ɔnd- k- |
| 168 | sesame | *C-àná-ŋá | wanaaŋga | àníŋá | ànáŋá | |
| 169 | seven | *mɪndɪr-sɪ-k | mɛ́ndríi | màrí | mʌndirsi | mɪndɪrsɪk |
| 170 | shadow | ɔ̀njúlɔ̀-k [< Arabic] | anjilo/asro [< Arabic] | ànjíè/ànjìboŋ [< Arabic] | ||
| 171 | sharp | *tèrí-ɲe | tiñi | tɛ̀ŋɛ́ñɛ̀ | tèríñ | |
| 172 | s/he | *ti | tì | ti | tìi | tì |
| 173 | shoe | *bara | bara | bar-jaŋi | bàrr | |
| 174 | shoulder | kɔrkɔr-uk {-jɛ} | kɔ̀sɔ̀kɔ́r {-ɔ́} | kɔ̀sɔ̀kɔ́r {-ɔ} "wing" | ||
| 175 | shut | *uloʧ- | -ils- | -wurs- | ||
| 176 | sit | *-uɲuŋ- | -oñeg- | -unyuŋ- | -ùñùŋ- | -uñuŋ-nduk |
| 177 | six | síttàal [< Arabic] | it(t)i [< Arabic] | isséì [< Arabic] | issʌl [< Arabic] | |
| 178 | skin | koi-k | bárá | màɗà | madda | |
| 179 | sky | samaa [< Arabic] | sama [< Arabic]/mundu | mùnùnù | sámà [< Arabic] | |
| 180 | sky/cloud | abioo | abiri | sáap [< Arabic] | sahap [< Arabic] | |
| 181 | sky/god/rain | *kariŋa | kalak | kariŋga | kàìŋá | |
| 182 | slave | wùyɔ́ | gùyá | |||
| 183 | sleep | *-ubi-; *-bi-ti-k | -èbìy- | -ibi- "lie" | -`bèi- | -ubi-tik- |
| 184 | small | nyílì-k | sùwánà; nyer-ko "baby" | káakɛ́y | kàdɛ́ɛkàl | |
| 185 | smoke | kùuldaa-k/kúndík | uruŋgi/kurunda "dust" | àmbròñí | àmbrùñí | |
| 186 | snake | taraŋga-g | taráŋgì | kɔ̀lɔ́ | kɔyɔ | |
| 187 | sour | *-kámà-k | -kámà-k | juma | káyám-ndí | |
| 188 | sow | -ask- | -ind-is- | nd-èt- | ||
| 189 | speak | *-oor- | -uur | -oor- | -òor- | |
| 190 | spear | sùbá-ŋ [< Arabic] | nyori | s`bò-k [< Arabic] | s'b`-k [< Arabic] | |
| 191 | spear/war | *ɲori | yorre | nyori | ñùr "sword (sabre)" | |
| 192 | spend day | -óos- | -òd- | |||
| 193 | stand up | *-ornaŋ- | -urnʌŋ- | -ornaŋ- | -uran- | -urʌŋ- |
| 194 | star | mɪña/menue-k | kíyɛ̀/muñiŋɛ "Mercury" | kèij-á {-ɔ́} | kɛ̀ɛʃ-á {-ɔ́} | |
| 195 | steal | *-eniɲ- | -ɛ́níy- | -eniŋñ-an- | -aŋei "covet (convoiter)" | |
| 196 | stick | dolo-k/cum | buta | |||
| 197 | stone | kodo-k | kómà/ditɛra | dùs-ì {-ù} | dúusì {dúsúdò} | |
| 198 | straight | *àdíl | àdíl/ndelli | àdíl/dilʌŋsé | adiil | |
| 199 | sugarcane stalk | gamberi-k | gember-ti {-i} | gàmbàrí | ||
| 200 | sun | *èɲí-k | èñí-k | áyìŋgɛ́ | àñíŋ | àñ-íŋ {-ùŋú} |
| 201 | swallow | *-oliŋ- | -líŋgá- | -oliŋ | -l`ŋ- | |
| 202 | sweat (n) | *muru-sV | moruu | muri | ||
| 203 | sycamore | sisi [< Arabic] | àsísí [< Arabic] | |||
| 204 | tail | ɔ̀lú-k/àlú-k | kora | àl`m-dí | àyù-dí | |
| 205 | tamarind | *kùnjù-k | konji-k | kúnjî | kùnjù-k | |
| 206 | tears | *ɲi | nyi-nyi | nyi | ||
| 207 | ten | *ùtúk | ɔ̀túk | ùtúk | ituk | ituk |
| 208 | they | *wiŋi | wáŋ | wii | wìi | wì |
| 209 | thirst | ace-k [< Arabic] | àsò [< Arabic] | |||
| 210 | this | *ùtúk | ago | ìgì | gɔ́ | go |
| 211 | thorn | *aʧi-k | aʃi-k/èsí-k | arcɛ/arci | àdí-k {ádí} | adi-k {-i} |
| 212 | three | *kàsáŋgà-l | kòŋàal | káaŋ | kásáŋgá | kàsáŋgàl |
| 213 | throat | *s-aŋga- | saŋgala-k | agara {-s} | ||
| 214 | throw | *-aʤaŋ- | -ajan- | -icum- | -sàŋ- | |
| 215 | thunder | *durda-k | durda-k | turi | trùgá | |
| 216 | tie up | *-uʧ- | -uuʃ- | -wac- | -òt- | -ut-ʌŋ- |
| 217 | tongue | *delemi-k | delmi-k | gélmèdì | àdìyím | àd`lɛ́m |
| 218 | tooth | *sati-k; *sàdí-k / *sadi-ɲi | sati-k | kácìŋgi | sàdí | sàdí |
| 219 | transitive | *n- | n- | n- | n- | |
| 220 | tree | soŋgo-k | síŋgì | rí-k | ri-k | |
| 221 | trousers | serwal [< Arabic] | sirwal-ko [< Arabic] | sòrwál [< Arabic] | ||
| 222 | two | *mbààr-(a) | mbar | mbárà | mbá | mbar |
| 223 | uproot | *-ud-uŋ- | -ùud-ùŋ- | -od-o- | -òd-`- | -od-ʌŋ- |
| 224 | urine | *mùsù-k | ísíi | ísà | mùsù-k | musu |
| 225 | wait | *-wurus- | -uuls- | -wurus- | ||
| 226 | want | *-andal- | -ìdìy- | -ind- | -ndày- | -ʌndal- |
| 227 | warm | *bɔŋ-ɔ-r | bɔŋɔ | boŋgo | baŋ | bʌŋtir |
| 228 | wash | *Uk- | -wùk- | -uk- | -òok- | |
| 229 | water | *ta-k / *ta-si | inji | sá | tà-k | ta |
| 230 | we | *mi-ŋ | maŋ | mí | mì | mì |
| 231 | well | *kule-k | gule-k {-si} | kùrtî | kùrtó/àgùyɛ́ | kùttó |
| 232 | white | *far-ak / *far-tu; *fara-k | fà-fár-àk | ji-sa | pár {-ó} | far {fɔ́rɔ̀} |
| 233 | wind | *ágù-rí | auli-k/òili-k | ágùrí | àgwìy | ágúlì |
| 234 | woman | *mùʧɔ̀-ŋ | mùʃɔ̀-ŋ {-o} | múcò | mì {mís} | mì-l {-sík} |
| 235 | wood | xaʃab [< Arabic] | njóm | njìrîm | ||
| 236 | woods | *asa-k | ʌ̀sé | ʌsʌk | ʌsé | |
| 237 | world | dunya [< Arabic] | dinya [< Arabic] | dúníá [< Arabic] | ||
| 238 | wound | *àndúrtì | ɔndur/andur | àndúrtì | ànd'r {àndró} | |
| 239 | year | kudria-k | sɛnɛ [< Arabic] | kàdàròwòn-dí | kadarwun-di | |
| 240 | yesterday | *kandaŋ | kondaŋ | géndégù | kàndáŋ | |
| 241 | you (sg.) | *mVŋ | mè | maŋ | mɔ̀ | mɔ |
| 242 | you (pl.) | *kVŋ | káŋ | kii | kìi | kì |
| dance, to[4] | *waladda- | weledda-g / weledda | w-òòm-ɛ́ | wuwal |
Nougayrol (1986) edit
The comparative following table of Maban languages is from Pierre Nougayrol (1986).[5] The Maba data is from earlier sources.
Notes: S1 = 1st person singular pronoun ('je')
| No. | French gloss | Kibet (sg.) | Kibet (pl.) | notes (Kibet) | Aiki (sg.) | Aiki (pl.) | notes (Aiki) | Maba (sg.) | Maba (pl.) | notes (Maba) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | (ethnonyme) | kàbɛ́n | aìkí | maba | ||||||
| 1 | tout, tous | kàdàmán | pát | |||||||
| 2 | cendre | awundi | awundu | àwə̀ndí | áwúndú | auːn | ||||
| 3 | dos | siːda | siːdɔ | sìdá | sídɔ́ | ḍahr | (< arabe) | |||
| 4 | mauvais | jar s-an | jar w-an | bon être-NEG | tʃén | tʃén-ú, tʃén-íó | (< arabe) | nemerèk tan | bon.NEG (Decorse[6]) | |
| 5 | ventre | kul | kul-do | bùtùlù | – | tabu-k | tabu-si | |||
| 6 | grand | kwɔlɛ | kuyoy | kwàyɛ̀ | kùdèndé | kulak | ||||
| 7 | oiseau | kwòsí | kusu-dduk | kòsí | kòsì-t | koʃi-k | koʃi-tu | |||
| 8 | mordre | S1 aw-uted | S1 àw-òtí-tè | S1 a-isi-i | ||||||
| 9 | noir | dìndí-k | dìndó | də̀kə́n | də̀kə́n-ó | luluok | ||||
| 10 | sang | fal | fal-u | pày | páy-ó | eri | ||||
| 11 | corps | ndu-k | ndùː-dó | ndù-k | ndù | nduː | peau | |||
| 12 | os | njekedi | njùkùdú | jìŋgə̀r | jùŋgɔ̀r-ɔ̀ | kanji-k | kanji-tu | |||
| 13 | sein | àŋgòɲì | àŋgúɲù | àŋgòɲì | àŋgòɲù | anguːn | anguːn-i | |||
| 14 | charbon | gə̀ʃìʃìːmâŋ | gəʃiʃimɔŋg-ɔ | kúyúyì | kúyúyù | kikimi-k | kikimiː | |||
| 15 | enfant | kálkàl | kòlkôl | kàykày | kòykóy, kwèykwéy | kal-ak | kol-i | |||
| 16 | froid | àtàːndí | ataːndu | àtàːndí | kera | |||||
| 17 | venir | wàw-âr | (wə̀)w-árɛ̀ | (wa) w-ar-i | ||||||
| 18 | pays | laŋ | làŋʷ-ɔ́ | kàsɛ̀ | kɔ̀sɔ̀-dɔ̀ | daːr | diaːr | (< arabe) | ||
| 19.1 | couper au couteau | wa-rɛɲ | wà-rɛ́ɲ-ɛ̀ | ils cassent | ||||||
| 19.2 | couper à la hache | wa-nday | wè-tə́m-ɛ̀ | S1 a-tam-i | ||||||
| 20 | jour | sarwɔ | sɔrwɔ | sɔ́ːrɔ́ | surant le jour | dalka | (Decorse) | |||
| 21 | mourir | ɥ-idik | w-ì-dé | w-eĩ | ||||||
| 22 | chien | miɲ | mìnj-ík | míɲ | mìɲj-ìt | niuk | niong-osi | |||
| 23 | boire | w-aŋ | w-àŋ-ɛ́ | w-ang-i | ||||||
| 25 | oreille | kàsá | kɔ̀sɔ́ | kàsá | kɔ́sɔ́ | ko-ik | ko-ɲi | |||
| 26 | manger | wá-ɲá-ẁ | wá-ɲɔ́-wɛ̀ | wi-ɲ-i | ||||||
| 27 | œuf | kadɛmaŋ | kadɛmɔŋ-ɔ | kàdɛ̀mɔ̀ŋ | kàdɛ̀mɔ̀ŋ-ɔ̀ | kademi-k | kademĩ | |||
| 28 | œil | kàs | kas-u | kàsè-k | kàsò | kasi-k | kasi-ɲi | |||
| 29 | tomber | w-usit | w-ùsə́-tè | S1 o-ngun-i | ||||||
| 30 | huile | ɲim | ɲum-o | ɲìm | ɲím-ú | niamuk | ||||
| 31 | doigt | v. main | v. main | kartongalak | ||||||
| 32 | feu | nəsə-k | nusu | nə̀sə̀-k | nùsò | uosik | ||||
| 33 | poisson | kuɲaŋ | kuɲuŋ | kùɲúŋ | kùɲúŋ-ɔ́ | ḥuːt | (< arabe) | |||
| 34 | cinq | tur | tór | tur | ||||||
| 35 | pied | doːdi salmi | jambe.fer | dɔ̀dí | dɔ́dú | ja-k | ja-ɲi | |||
| 35.2 | jambe | dòːdí | dɔddɔ | dɔ̀dí | dɔ́dú | ja-k | ja-ɲi | |||
| 36 | quatre | atal | áttɛ́y | asal | ||||||
| 37 | donner | w-unjik | nù-w-ìnjé | wo-ɲio-i | se coucher | |||||
| 38 | aller | wɔkoŋ | (wə̀)w-ày-ɛ́ | waw-a-i | ||||||
| 39 | bon | jár | jɔ́r-ɔ̀s | sám | sám-ó | (< arabe) | nemerɛk | nemerk-etu | ||
| 40 | herbe | la | lɔ | yà-k | yá | lua | ||||
| 41 | cheveux | tow | tow-i, tuw-i | tòw | tów-ó | tifi-k | tifiː | |||
| 42 | main, bras | kàrá | kɔrɔ | kàrá | kɔ́rɔ́ | kana | kan-tu | |||
| 43 | tête | kìc | kuj-o | kì | kí-jé | kij-ik | kij-etu | |||
| 44 | cœur | adəsa | àdúsò | jì | – | kulik | ||||
| 45 | corne | gàmdí | gamdu | gàmdí | gámdú | kami-k | kamiː | |||
| 46 | maison | tòŋgó | tòŋgó-dó | tòŋgó | tóŋgó | village | táŋ | tàŋ-tú | (Lukas) | |
| 46.2 | maison | kuduo | tourenq | kùdù | kùdù-wó | |||||
| 47 | faim | àtú | àtù-dó | àtú | ajuː | |||||
| 48 | chasser | ganas ay-er | gánás ày-ə̀r-ɛ́ | chasse (< arabe); S1 *faire-INAC | ||||||
| 49 | tuer | wa-sao | wà-sɔ́-wɛ̀ | wa-ui | ||||||
| 50 | genou | dàmtí | dàmtú | də̀mdí | də́mdú | tumok | ||||
| 51 | savoir | w-ɔtək | w-ɔ̀ːtɛ́ | w-asi(ngi) | ||||||
| 52 | marigot | kùttó | kuttu-do | cours d'eau saisonnier | kùrtó | kúrtó | mare saisonnère | tasu-k | tasuː | |
| 53 | rire | wà-tây | wà-tɛ́-ɛ̀ | S1 a-skir-i | ||||||
| 54 | long | déːdì | də̀dù-kó | dèdì | dèdì-ké | lelek | ||||
| 55 | homme (male) | kà mɛ̀rɛ́ | kè mèré | (kà-ŋ) kà mɛ́rɛ́ | (kè) ké mèrè(-t) | maʃu-k | maʃuː | |||
| 56 | viande | yibo | yibo-do | ndòbó | ndóbó | niu (< manger ?) | P3-causatif-voir-PRES | |||
| 57 | lune | ànjə́-k | aǹjú | ànjə́k | ae-k | aeː | ||||
| 58 | montagne | kùmàndí | kùmàndú | kòmàːndí | kómáːndó | caillou | kodo-k | kodoː | ||
| 59 | bouche | yù-k | yù-dò | yù-k | yù | kana | kan-tu | |||
| 60 | nom | məlki | məlku-dɔ | mèːkí | méːkú | mil | ||||
| 61 | nombril | àdə́m | adum-o | àdə̀m | àdə́m-ó | dumo-k | dumo-je | |||
| 62 | cou | kə̀rmí | kurmu-do | kə̀rmí | kúrmú | biti-k | biti-si | |||
| 63 | nuit | díːndò | – | dìːndé | durant la nuit | iʃe | ajurko | (?) | ||
| 64 | nez | mùndù | məndu-do | mùndú | múndú | boin | boin-tu | |||
| 65 | un | faya | kàndá | tek | ||||||
| 66 | chemin | ɲɔ́ŋgɔ̀lɛ̀ | ɲɔŋgɔl-dɔ | ɲɔ̀ŋgwɛ́yɛ̀ | ɲɔ̀ŋgwɛ́yɛ́-dɔ́ | linga-k | linga-si | |||
| 67 | humain, être | ka-ŋ | ke | kà-ŋ | kè | ka-ng | ka-i | |||
| 68 | pluie | v. eau | v. eau | v. eau | ||||||
| 69 | rouge | kʷònjé-k | kùnjɔ́ | ndàláɲ | ndàláɲ-ò | kukui-ok | kukui-tu | cuivré | ||
| 70 | rivière | v. eau | v. eau | bita-k | bita-si | |||||
| 71 | sel | silim | sulm-u | síːm | síːm-ó | uja | ||||
| 72 | dire | wu-ndis | ils parlent | wə̀-ndíː-sè | ils parlent | |||||
| 72.2 | je dis | ay-er ? | ày-ə̀r-ɛ́ | je dis que | S1 a-er-i | |||||
| 73 | voir | w-ɔndək | w-ɔ̀ːnd-ɛ́ | wa-nd-oko-i | ||||||
| 74 | asseoir, s' | wu-ɲuŋnduk | nduk 'corps' ? | wù-ɲù-ŋɛ́ | ac. | S1 o-ɲeg-i | ||||
| 75 | peau | madda | mɔddɔ | màɗà | mɔ̀ɗɔ̀ | koi-k | koi-tu | |||
| 76 | ciel | sámà | (< arabe) | mùnùnù | samaː | (< arabe) | ||||
| 76.2 | nuage | sahap | (< arabe) | sáːp | sáːb-ú | (< arabe) | abioː | |||
| 77 | dormir | wu-bitik | wə̀-bèi-tɛ́ | ils vont se coucher | S1 a-b-i | |||||
| 78 | petit | kàdɛ́ːkàl | kòdóːkùl | káːkɛ́y | káːkíò | ɲiekik | (Decorse) | |||
| 79 | fumée | àmbrùɲí | àmbrùɲú | àmbroɲí | kuldak | |||||
| 80 | serpent | kɔyɔ | kʷɔ̀yɔ́-dìk | kɔ̀lɔ́ | kɔ̀lɔ̀-t | tojomo-k | tojom-je | |||
| 81 | sagaie | sə́bə̀-k | sə́bɔ̀ | sə̀bò-k | sə̀bò | suba-ŋ | sube-tu | |||
| 82 | debout, être | w-òːtə̀tɛ́r | tàŋgá w-òtə̀-tɛ́ɛ̀ | |||||||
| 83 | étoile | kɛ̀ːʃá | kɛ̀ːʃɔ́ | kèijá | kèijɔ́ | menue-k | ||||
| 84 | bâton | v. arbre | v. arbre | tʃum; dolo | tʃum-ini | |||||
| 85 | pierre | dúːsì | dúsú-dò | dùsì | dùsù | meule dormante | kodo-k | kodoː | ||
| 86 | soleil | àɲíŋ | àɲùŋ-ú, àɲùŋ-dó | àɲíŋ | aɲik | |||||
| 87 | queue | àyùdí | àyù dù-dò | àlə̀mdí | álə́mdú | olu-k | olu-si | |||
| 88 | épine | adi-k | adiː | àdí-k | ádí | aʃi-k | menueː | |||
| 89 | trois | kàsáŋgàl | kásáŋgá | kongal | ||||||
| 90 | langue (org.) | àdə̀lə́m | àdə̀lm-ɔ̀ | àdì(y)ím | àdíːm-ɔ́ | delmi-k | delmiː | |||
| 91 | dent | sàdí | sàdó | sàdí | sádó | sati-k | sati-ɲi | |||
| 92 | arbre | ri-k | riː | rí-k | rí | songo-k | songoː | |||
| 94 | deux | mbar | mbá | mbar | ||||||
| 95 | eau | ta | tà-k | tá | inji; bita-k | bita-si | rivière | |||
| 96 | blanc | far | fɔ́r-ɔ̀ | pár | pár-ó | fafara-k | fafar-tu | |||
| 97 | vent | ágúlì | agul-do | àgwìy | aulik | |||||
| 98 | femme | mil | mìs-ík | (kà-ŋ) mì | (kè) mí-s | muʃo-ŋ | muʃoː | |||
| 99 | fagot | njìrîm | njúrúm-ù | njóm | njòm-ó | |||||
| 100 | année | kadarwundi | kadarwundu | kàdàròwòndí | kàdàrwó | saison des pluies | kudria-k | kudriaː | ||
| 101 | chèvre | andi | andu-nduk | àndèi | àndèi-tí | jo-k; mandok (Decorse) | jo-si | |||
| 102 | cuire | w-oak | w-òáː-kɛ̀ | S1 a-rong-i | ||||||
| 104 | guerre | v. sagaie | v. sagaie | |||||||
| 106 | gauche, main | kɔ̀sɔ̀ŋgɔ́l | ? | dèkiá | bala | |||||
| 107 | droite, main | kɔlloŋ | kwàyə̀ŋgɔ́ | – | kolon | |||||
| 108 | pou | minje | – | mànjɛ́ | – | mesele-k | meseleː | |||
| 109 | étranger | dúːnà | dúːnè-k | dép; kà-ŋ dáŋ 'qqn autre' | dìf-án | (< arabe) | berraːni | (< arabe) | ||
| 110 | danser | wuwal | (lép) w-òːm-ɛ́ | S1 a-el-e | ||||||
| 111 | foyer | àndùtúr | àndùtr-ó | dúːrì 'suie' | dùrì | dùrù | ||||
| 112 | poitrine | koto | koto-dɔ | kòtó | kótó | kusuk | ||||
| 115 | enfle, être | wobaɲ | wà-tàr-yɛ́ | iʃe | ||||||
| 116 | abeille | kimeɲi | kimeɲu | kèméɲé | miel | kimin | ||||
| 117 | vomir | w-ítèk | w-ìːt-ɛ́ | i-njis-i | ||||||
| 118 | aile | kɔ̀sɔ̀kɔ́r | kɔsɔkɔr-ɔ | kɔ̀sɔ̀kɔ́r | kɔ́sɔ́kɔ́r-ɔ́ | kebele-k | kebel-tu | |||
| 119 | éléphant | aŋɔŋ | aŋeɲ | < *aŋɔn-i ? | àŋɔ̀n | àŋɔ̀n-tí | ngon | ngon-i | ||
| 120 | hyène | aboi | aboi-dik | àbólí | àbòlì-t | drabak | drabak-je |
Notes and references edit
- ^ Edgar, John T. 1991. Maba-group Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.
- ^ Blench (2021) corrects the gloss as 'sorghum'.
- ^ Entry in Blench (2021)
- ^ Nougayrol, Pierre. 1986. Note sur la langue Kibet (Tchad). Africana Marburgensia 19:38-55.
- ^ Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. 1907. Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari. In: Actes du XVIᵉ Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger, 1905, Part II, 172-330. Paris: Ernest Leroux.