冚

Translingual

Han character

冚 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月山 (BU) or 難月山 (XBU), composition ⿱冖山)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 130, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 2
Unihan data for U+519A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		冚
alternative forms		𢫏搇／揿𠖫扻 to slap

Traditionally related to 𠖫 (gǎn, “to cover”) (Bai, 1980; You, 1992).

Bauer (1996) considers this to be part of an area word family in Southeast Asian languages: *khVm ~ *khVp ~ *kVm ~ *kVp ~ *k(h)l/rm/p. It is probably related to 扱 (kap1, “to cover; to imprint”). Compare Min Nan 崁 (khàm, “to cover”), Burmese ခြုံ (hkrum, “to cover; to wrap”), Proto-Tai *hɤmᴮ (“to cover (with cloth)”) (whence Zhuang hoemq and Thai ห่ม (hòm)). The root is found in many Sinitic dialects including Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Wenzhounese.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kam²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kem²
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kam³
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): kam³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kʻan³
  - Yale: kǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
  - Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kam²
  - Yale: kám
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kem²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kem²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰem⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kam³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰam³¹/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kam³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰam²¹³/

Definitions

冚

(Cantonese, Hakka) to cover
冚埋本書／冚埋本书 [Cantonese] ― kam² maai⁴ bun² syu¹ [Jyutping] ― close the book

我琴晚瞓覺冚咗兩張被。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我琴晚𰥛觉冚咗两张被。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ kam⁴ maan⁵ fan³ gaau³ kam² zo² loeng⁵ zoeng¹ pei⁵. [Jyutping]
Last night, while sleeping, I put on two blankets.

攞完唔該冚返個蓋 [Cantonese, trad.]
𫽋完唔该冚返个盖 [Cantonese, simp.]
lo² jyun⁴ m⁴ goi¹ kam² faan¹ go³ goi³ [Jyutping]
Please put the lid back on after taking it.
(Cantonese) to cover up; to conceal; to prevent something from being discovered
(Cantonese, Teochew) cover; lid
(Cantonese) to raid (an illegal den)
(Cantonese) to slap (someone) in the face
佢畀佢女朋友冚咗一巴。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
keoi⁵ bei² keoi⁵ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵ kam² zo² jat¹ baa¹. [Jyutping]
He got a slap in the face from his girlfriend.
(Cantonese) to cover (to be enough money for)
(Cantonese) to overshadow; to dominate over

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		冚
alternative forms		咸

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ham⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ham⁵

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham⁶
  - Yale: hahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ham⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham³²/

Definitions

冚 (Cantonese)

all; entire

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		整
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	整
	Malaysia	整
	Singapore	整
Cantonese	Guangzhou	成, 冚
	Hong Kong	成, 冚
	Taishan	成
	Singapore (Guangfu)	成, 冚
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	成
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	規
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	規
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	規
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	規
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	規
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	規
Southern Min	Xiamen	規
	Quanzhou	規
	Zhangzhou	規
	Tainan	規
	Penang (Hokkien)	規
	Singapore (Hokkien)	規
	Manila (Hokkien)	規
	Chaozhou	夠, 咸
	Jieyang	夠, 咸
	Singapore (Teochew)	夠
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	成

Compounds

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		冚

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁶

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham⁶
  - Yale: hahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/

Definitions

冚 (Cantonese)

(of openings) tight; firm
隻窗閂唔冚就好易畀風吹返開。 [Cantonese, trad.]
只窗闩唔冚就好易畀风吹返开。 [Cantonese, simp.]
zek³ coeng¹ saan¹ m⁴ ham⁶ zau⁶ hou² ji⁶ bei² fung¹ ceoi¹ faan¹ hoi¹. [Jyutping]
If you don't close this window tight, the wind can easily blow it back open.

Compounds

佮佮冚