打
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
打 (radical 64 手+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 手一弓 (QMN), four-corner 51020, composition ⿰扌丁)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 417, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11781
- Dae Jaweon: page 763, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1825, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6253
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
打 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 打
|
|---|
| Small seal script |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 圢 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 町 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ |
| 打 | *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ |
| 盯 | *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ |
| 朾 | *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ |
| 丁 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 玎 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 虰 | *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ |
| 揨 | *rdeːŋ |
| 釘 | *teːŋ, *teːŋs |
| 靪 | *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ |
| 仃 | *teːŋ |
| 叮 | *teːŋ |
| 疔 | *teːŋ |
| 頂 | *teːŋʔ |
| 奵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 耵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 酊 | *teːŋʔ |
| 葶 | *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ |
| 矴 | *teːŋs |
| 訂 | *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ |
| 飣 | *teːŋs |
| 汀 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs |
| 艼 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 庁 | *tʰeːŋ |
| 婷 | *deːŋ |
| 停 | *deːŋ |
| 聤 | *deːŋ |
| 渟 | *deːŋ |
| 楟 | *deːŋ |
| 亭 | *deːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ): semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
Etymology 1Edit
This word was pronounced *teŋ in Old Chinese, as would be expected from a 丁 (dīng) phonetic. By the early Ming period, the character had been borrowed for another word with the same meaning but a different pronunciation, without the nasal ending. This may be related to the previous reading, as a dialectal variant. In Mandarin and some other dialects, the new reading became standard; however, derivations of the older pronunciation are still used in some dialects (Wu, Min Nan), Japanese (chō, tei) and Vietnamese (đánh).
Also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *dah ~ daʔ (“to hit, to meet”), whence Mon ဒး (tɛ̀h, “to hit (a mark), meet with, reach [goal], be correct, apposite, to fit”) and Khmer ទះ (teăh, “to slap, to strike”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daa2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tá
- Min Dong (BUC): dā
- Min Nan (POJ): táⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): tan (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˇ
- Wade-Giles: ta3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daa
- IPA (key): /ta̠²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
-
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: da3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: daa
- IPA (key): /ta⁵³/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: daa2
- Yale: dá
- Cantonese Pinyin: daa2
- Guangdong Romanization: da2
- IPA (key): /tɑː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tá
- Hakka Romanization System: da`
- Hagfa Pinyim: da3
- IPA: /ta³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dā
- IPA (key): /ta³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tan (T2)
- IPA (key): /tã³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 打 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ta²¹⁴/ |
| Harbin | /ta²¹³/ | |
| Tianjin | /tɑ¹³/ | |
| Jinan | /ta⁵⁵/ | |
| Qingdao | /ta⁵⁵/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ta⁵³/ | |
| Xi'an | /ta⁵³/ | |
| Xining | /ta⁵³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ta⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ta⁴⁴²/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ta⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /ta⁴²/ | |
| Chengdu | /ta⁵³/ | |
| Guiyang | /ta⁴²/ | |
| Kunming | /ta̠⁵³/ | |
| Nanjing | /tɑ²¹²/ | |
| Hefei | /ta²⁴/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ta⁵³/ |
| Pingyao | /tɑ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ta⁵³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /tã³⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /tã⁵¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /tɑ⁵³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /tiɛ³⁵/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /ta³⁵/ |
| Tunxi | /ta³¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ta⁴¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /tɒ⁴²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tɑ²¹³/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ta³¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /tɑ³¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ta³⁵/ |
| Nanning | /ta³⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /ta³⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /tã⁵³/ 俗 |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /ta³²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /ta²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | ||
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /fa⁵⁵/ 訓拍 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 打 | 打 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | IV |
| Fanqie | 德冷切 | 都挺切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tˠæŋX/ | /teŋX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tᵚaŋX/ | /teŋX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/taŋX/ | /tɛŋX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/taɨjŋX/ | /tɛjŋX/ |
| Li Rong |
/tɐŋX/ | /teŋX/ |
| Wang Li |
/tɐŋX/ | /tieŋX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tɐŋX/ | /tieŋX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
d- | dǐng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 打 | 打 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 2368 | 2391 |
| Phonetic component |
丁 | 丁 |
| Rime group |
耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
打 | 頂 |
| Old Chinese |
/*rteŋʔ/ | /*teːŋʔ/ |
| Notes | 變音，見通俗文 | 見通俗文 |
DefinitionsEdit
打
- to hit; to strike; to slap
- to beat up
- the act of beating up
- to perform (a martial art)
- to get; to fetch
- 打水 ― dǎ shuǐ ― to get water
- to guess; (the riddle) is about
- to buy (meat, soy sauce, oil, etc. at a grocery store)
- to make (a gesture, signal, etc.)
- to send or call
- to pump (a tire, etc.)
- (involving gunpowder) to fire off; to set off
- (computing) to type
- to display (text, an image, etc.)
- to use (a computer, usually for entertainment)
- to play (a video game or console)
- to play (a sport involving balls with hand)
- to play (mahjong)
- to play the drums
- 打鼓 ― dǎ gǔ ― to play the drums
- to tie
- (vulgar) to perform sexual activity
- (Cantonese) correspond to, be associated with
SynonymsEdit
| Dialectal synonyms of 打 (“to hit, to strike”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 打 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 打 |
| Taiwan | 打 | |
| Jinan | 打 | |
| Xi'an | 打 | |
| Wuhan | 打 | |
| Chengdu | 打 | |
| Yangzhou | 打 | |
| Hefei | 打 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 打、𢱕 |
| Hong Kong | 打、𢱕 | |
| Taishan | 打 | |
| Yangjiang | 打 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 打 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 打 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 打 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 打 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 打 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 打 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 打 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 打 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 打 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 𢫦 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 拍 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 拍 |
| Quanzhou | 拍 | |
| Zhangzhou | 拍 | |
| Taipei | 拍 | |
| Chaozhou | 拍 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 打 |
| Wenzhou | 打 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 打 |
| Shuangfeng | 打 | |
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowing from English dozen, from 打臣.
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): daa1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tá
- Min Dong (BUC): dā
- Min Nan (POJ): táⁿ
- Wu (Wiktionary): tan (T2)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˊ
- Wade-Giles: ta2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dar
- IPA (key): /ta̠³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˇ
- Wade-Giles: ta3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daa
- IPA (key): /ta̠²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: daa1
- Yale: dā
- Cantonese Pinyin: daa1
- Guangdong Romanization: da1
- IPA (key): /tɑː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tá
- Hakka Romanization System: da`
- Hagfa Pinyim: da3
- IPA: /ta³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dā
- IPA (key): /ta³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: tan (T2)
- IPA (key): /tã³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
DefinitionsEdit
打
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 打
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JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
打
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: ちょう (chō)←ちやう (chau, historical)
- Kan’on: てい (tei)
- Tōon: た (ta)
- Kan’yōon: だ (da, Jōyō)
- Kun: うち (uchi, 打ち); うつ (utsu, 打つ, Jōyō); ぶつ (butsu, 打); ダース (dāsu, 打)
EtymologyEdit
This kanji spelling is ateji (当て字).
NounEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
打 • (ta, jeong) (hangeul 타, 정, revised ta, jeong, McCune-Reischauer t'a, chŏng, Yale tha, ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.