靡

Translingual edit

Han character edit

靡 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 戈金中一卜 (ICLMY) or 戈木中一卜 (IDLMY), four-corner 0021₁, composition ⿸麻非)

Derived characters edit

孊㠧戂攠灖䃺䊳釄䭩劘㸏爢蘼

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1383, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42612
Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4088, character 5
Unihan data for U+9761

Chinese edit

trad.		靡
simp. ^#		靡

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	mral, mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	maːl, maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	maːl, maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	maːls, mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǐ (mi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
  - Wade–Giles: mi³
  - Yale: mǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
  - Palladius: ми (mi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁵
  - Yale: méih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
  - Tâi-lô: bí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: mjeX

Rime
Character	靡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	文彼切
Baxter	mjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/miɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/mje^X/
Wang Li	/mǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/mie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)ajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mralʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靡	靡	靡	靡
Reading #	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǐ	mǐ	mǐ	mǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ mje^X ›	‹ mje^X ›	‹ mje^X ›	‹ mje^X ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/
English	squander	not have, not exist	fall over	small, tiny
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靡
Reading #	1/1
No.	8701
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	靡
Old Chinese	/*mralʔ/

Definitions edit

靡

(literary) to fall down; to collapse; to be swept away
- 吾視其轍亂，望其旗靡，故逐之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾视其辙乱，望其旗靡，故逐之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wú shì qí zhé luàn, wàng qí qí mǐ, gù zhú zhī. [Pinyin]
  But when I examined the enemy's wheel-tracks and found them cries-crossing and looked afar and saw his banners drooping, I advised pursuit.
(literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid
(literary) delicate; minute
(literary) no; not
- 侯服於周、天命靡常。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  侯服于周、天命靡常。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Hóu fú yú Zhōu, tiānmìng mǐ cháng. [Pinyin]
  They became subject to Zhou; the appointment of Heaven is not constant.
(literary) to not have; to be without

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mí (mi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mi²
Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mí
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mí
  - Wade–Giles: mi²
  - Yale: mí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
  - Palladius: ми (mi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: mi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mei⁴
  - Yale: mèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
  - Tâi-lô: bî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /bi²⁴/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aj/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靡
Reading #	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mje ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)aj/
English	to share with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions edit

靡

extravagant; wasteful
to waste; to squander
^† to extinguish; to eliminate
^† to rotten; to damage
^† to exhaust; to use up
^† to divide; to disperse; to scatter
^† to share

Compounds edit

References edit

“靡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

靡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Go-on: み (mi)^{←み (mi, historical)}
Kan-on: び (bi)^{←び (bi, historical)}
On: ひ (hi)
Kun: なびく (nabiku, 靡く); なびかす (nabikasu, 靡かす); ない (nai, 靡い); なし (nashi, 靡し)

Compounds edit

References edit

白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “靡”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

靡 (eum 미 (mi))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

靡: Hán Nôm readings: mị

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.