ب
![]() | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب / ب / ب / ب • (bāʔ)
- The second letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is بَاء (bāʔ) and it has the sound of English b. It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ت (t).
See also
editSymbol
editب / ب / ب / ب • (bāʔ)
- The second letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by أ (ʔ) and followed by ج (j).
Noun
editب • (b)
- Abbreviation of باب (bāb, “chapter”).
Etymology 2
editUltimately Proto-Semitic *bV- (“with, in, at, among”) with likely interrelation with Proto-Semitic *bayt- (“site, location; nest, house”); cognates with Ugaritic 𐎁 (b), Aramaic ב־, Classical Syriac ܒ-, Hebrew בְּ־ (bə-), Ge'ez በ (bä) and Egyptian bw.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editبِـ • (bi-)
- denotes an instrument or tool, with, by (a means)
- طَرَقْتُ الْمِسْمَارَ بِمِطْرَقَةٍ
- ṭaraqtu l-mismāra bi-miṭraqatin
- I hit the nail with a hammer
- رَماهُم بِٱلْحِجَارَةِ
- ramāhum bi-l-ḥijārati
- He pelted them with stones.
- denotes the agent of unaccusative forms
- هُوَ يَتَقَوَّى بِهِ
- huwa yataqawwā bihi
- He is strengthened by it
- Coordinate term: (post-Classical) بِوَاسِطَة (biwāsiṭa, denotes the agent of passive forms)
- denotes accompaniment
- Coordinate term: مَعَ (maʕa)
- denotes proximity, with, to, next to, at (touching on, connected with, concerning)
- مَرْبُوطٌ بِشَجَرَةٍ ― marbūṭun bi-šajaratin ― tied to a tree
- لَا عَلاقةَ لَهُ بِٱلْمَوْضُوعِ ― lā ʕalāqata lahu bi-l-mawḍūʕi ― unrelated to the subject
- denotes inclusion, surrounding, or location, within (a place); in; on; at
- بِٱلْأَرْضِ ― bi-l-ʔarḍi ― on the earth/in or inside the ground
- بِٱلقَرْيةِ ― bi-l-qaryati ― in the village
- بِٱلْمَكْتَبَةِ ― bi-l-maktabati ― at the library
- بِٱلْمَكْتَبِ ― bi-l-maktabi ― at the office/in the desk
- Synonym: فِي (fī)
- denotes requital, giving or doing in return; for
- اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ رِيَالٍ.
- ištaraytuhu bi-ʔalfi riyālin.
- I bought it for a thousand riyals.
- marks the predicate of a negative copula
- هُوَ لَيْسَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَلَا بِقَارِئٍ.
- huwa laysa bi-šāhidin wa-lā bi-qāriʔin.
- He is not one who witnessed [it] or read [it].
Inflection
editInflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | بِـ (bi-) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | بِي (bī) | بِنَا (binā) | |||
Second person | بِكَ (bika) | بِكِ (biki) | بِكُمَا (bikumā) | بِكُمْ (bikum) | بِكُنَّ (bikunna) |
Third person | بِهِ (bihi) | بِهَا (bihā) | بِهِمَا (bihimā) | بِهِمْ (bihim) | بِهِنَّ (bihinna) |
Derived terms
editBalti
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب (transliteration needed)
- The second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Burushaski
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب (transliteration needed)
- The fourth letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Central Kurdish
editLetter
editب / ب / ب / ب (bā)
- The second letter of the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet. Its name is با (ba) and it has the sound of English b. It is preceded by ا (a) and followed by پ (pi). Equivalent to b in the Kurdo-Latin alphabet.
See also
editChinese
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب
- The second letter of the Xiao'erjing abjad.
Egyptian Arabic
editEtymology
editFrom the Ottoman Turkish convention.
Pronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
See also
editپ (be be-talat noʔaṭ)
Gujarati
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editHijazi Arabic
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (bāʔ)
- The second letter of the Arabic alphabet. Its name is بَاء (bāʔ), and is preceded by أ (ʔalif) and followed by ت (tāʔ).
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
edit- پ (pāʔ)
Etymology 2
editProbably from a shortened form of Arabic بَغْيْ (baḡy, “to want”).
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editبِـ • (bi)
- -ing (prefix indicating the present continuous tense)
- بِيِتْكَلَّم
- biyitkallam
- he is speaking
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editبِـ • (bi)
Kashmiri
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (b)
- The second letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editKazakh
editAlternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | ب |
Cyrillic | Б, б |
Latin | B, b |
Yañalif | B, ʙ |
Pronunciation
editLetter
editب • (b)
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editKhowar
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب (be)
- The second letter of the Khowar abjad.
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editKyrgyz
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editMalay
editPronunciation
edit- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [bɐ]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [b]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [p̚]
Letter
editب / ب / ب / ب
- The second letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.
See also
editNorthern Kurdish
editPreposition
editب (bi)
- Arabic spelling of bi (“by”)
Ottoman Turkish
editEtymology
editFrom Arabic and Persian.
Letter
editب • (be)
- The second letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Its name is با (ba, be).
Preposition
editب • (be or bi)
References
edit- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “ب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 229
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “ب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[3], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 313
Pashto
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
- The second letter of the Pashto alphabet.
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editPersian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
edit- (phoneme, all dialects) IPA(key): /b/
- (Early Classical Persian, after a vowel) IPA(key): [β]
- (Early Classical Persian, between vowels) IPA(key): [β], [w]
- The phonemes /b/ and /w/ were not strongly distinguished inter-vocally until late Classical Persian.
- (letter name)
Letter
editب / ب / ب / ب • (be)
- The second letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ا and followed by پ. Its name is به (be) or بِ (be).
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾ /bē/, “out, away, forth”, also preverbal particle of unclear additional meanings), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe.[1]
In Classical Persian the prefix did not indicate the subjunctive, but had diverse and generally vague meanings depending on the context. The development into a subjunctive marker went hand in hand with the displacement of the simple present by the durative present in می (mi-). Thereby be- became more and more associated with the subjunctive position and was ultimately grammaticalised in this function. The use of simple present for the subjunctive is now literary, while its use for the indicative is archaic/poetic.
Pronunciation
editPrefix
editبـ • (be-)
- Marks the present subjunctive of most verbs.
- میخوام پانکراستو بخورم. ― mi-xâm pânkrâs-et-o bo-xoram. ― I want to eat your pancreas.
- 2020, “ماکرون: لوکاشنکو باید برود [Macron: Lukashenko must go]”, in Euronews Persian[4]:
- واضح است که لوکاشنکو باید برود.
- vâze ast ke lukâšenko bâyad be-ravad.
- It is clear that Lukashenko must go.
- Marks the imperative of most verbs.
- این را ببین. ― in-râ be-bin. ― Look at this.
- راحت بخواب. ― râhat be-xâb. ― Sleep well.
- (archaic) Adds an emphatic sense to a verb in the simple past.
Usage notes
editUnlike the other verbal prefix می (mi-), the negative prefix نـ (na-) replaces بـ (be-) rather than attaching to it:
- بگو (be-gu, “say!”) > نگو (na-gu, “don't say!”)
The prefix is not used with most compound verbs whose verbal element is کردن (kardan) or شدن (šodan); in these cases, the imperative or subjunctive is marked by the bare present stem. In literary language, it may be also omitted for other verbs.
The verbs بودن (budan, “to be”) and داشتن (dâštan, “to have”) are irregular: the imperative and subjunctive of the former uses the stem باش (bâš) without بـ (be-), and the latter uses the past participle داشته (dâšte) in conjunction with بودن (budan), e.g. داشته باش (dâšte bâš, “have!”)
References
editPunjabi
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
edit- Previous letter: ا (alif)
- Next letter: پ (pe)
- (Shahmukhi script letters) ا, ب (b), پ (p), ت (t), ٹ (ṭ), ث (s̱), ج (j), چ (c), ح (ḥ), خ (x), د (d), ڈ (ḍ), ذ (ẕ), ر (r), ڑ (ṛ), ز (z), ژ (ž), س (s), ش (ś), ص (ṣ), ض (ẓ), ط (t̤), ظ (z̤), ع (ʻ), غ (ġ), ف (f), ق (q), ک (k), گ (g), ل (l), ࣇ (ḷ), م (m), ن (n), ݨ (ṇ), ں (ṉ), ہ (h), و (v), ی (y), ے (e) (Category: Punjabi letters)
Sindhi
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
- The second letter of the Sindhi abjad.
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editSouth Levantine Arabic
editPicture dictionary | |
---|---|
|
Etymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editبـ • (bi-)
Particle
editبـ • (b-)
- prefix indicating the present tense
Tunisian Arabic
editEtymology
editPreposition
editب (b)
- with
- نحب قهوة بالحليب ― nḥib qahwa b-li-ḥlīb ― I like coffee with milk
- ترعش بالخوف ― turʕuš bi-l-ḵūf ― She is shaking with fear
Inflection
editinflected forms of ب | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | ب (b) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | بي (biyya) | بينا (bīna) | |||
2nd person | بيك (bīk) | بيكم (bīkum) | |||
3rd person | بيه (bīh) | بيها (bīha) | بيهم (bīhum) |
Urdu
editPronunciation
edit- (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /beː/
- (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /b/
Letter
editب • (be)
- The second letter of the Urdu abjad.
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editUyghur
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب • (be)
- The third letter of the Uyghur alphabet.
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
editYoruba
editPronunciation
editLetter
editب (b)
Forms
editIsolated form | Final form | Medial form | Initial form |
---|---|---|---|
ب | ـب | ـبـ | بـ |
See also
edit- Character boxes with images
- Arabic block
- Arabic script characters
- Arabic Presentation Forms-B block
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic letters
- Arabic numeral symbols
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic abbreviations
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic prepositions
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Abjad numerals
- Balti terms with IPA pronunciation
- Balti lemmas
- Balti letters
- Burushaski terms with IPA pronunciation
- Burushaski lemmas
- Burushaski letters
- Central Kurdish lemmas
- Central Kurdish letters
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese letters
- Egyptian Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian Arabic lemmas
- Egyptian Arabic letters
- Gujarati terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gujarati lemmas
- Gujarati letters
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic letters
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic prepositions
- Hijazi Arabic terms with usage examples
- Kashmiri terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kashmiri lemmas
- Kashmiri letters
- Kazakh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kazakh lemmas
- Kazakh letters
- Khowar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Khowar lemmas
- Khowar letters
- Kyrgyz terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kyrgyz lemmas
- Kyrgyz letters
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay letters
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish prepositions
- Northern Kurdish terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish letters
- Ottoman Turkish prepositions
- Ottoman Turkish terms with usage examples
- Pashto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pashto lemmas
- Pashto letters
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian letters
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian prefixes
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian terms with archaic senses
- Punjabi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi letters
- Sindhi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sindhi lemmas
- Sindhi letters
- Visual dictionary
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic prepositions
- South Levantine Arabic particles
- Tunisian Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Tunisian Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Tunisian Arabic lemmas
- Tunisian Arabic prepositions
- Tunisian Arabic terms with usage examples
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu letters
- Uyghur 1-syllable words
- Uyghur terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uyghur lemmas
- Uyghur letters
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba letters