erat
See also: erät
Indonesian Edit
Etymology Edit
From Malay erat, from Classical Malay erat, from Proto-Malayic *(h)ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).
Pronunciation Edit
Adjective Edit
êrat
Derived terms Edit
Further reading Edit
- “erat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin Edit
Pronunciation Edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈe.rat/, [ˈɛrät̪]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈe.rat/, [ˈɛːrät̪]
Verb Edit
erat
Descendants Edit
Malay Edit
Etymology Edit
From Proto-Malayic *(h)ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).
Pronunciation Edit
Adverb Edit
erat (Jawi spelling ارت)
Adjective Edit
erat (Jawi spelling ارت)
- tight, firm
- Saya memegang erat tangan anak saya semasa kami melintasi jalan yang sibuk itu.
- I kept a firm hold of my daughter’s hand as we crossed the busy street.
- Dia berasa selamat dalam pelukannya yang erat.
- She felt safe in his firm embrace.
Derived terms Edit
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengerat [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pengeratan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- keeratan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- mengerat [agent focus] (meN-)
- mengeratkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dierat [patient focus] (di-)
- dieratkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- mempererat [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
- dipererat [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
- erat-erat [reduplication] (redup)
Descendants Edit
- Indonesian: erat
Further reading Edit
- “erat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Swedish Edit
Pronoun Edit
erat n
Usage notes Edit
Common in speech.
Declension Edit
Swedish personal pronouns
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.
2Informal
3Colloquial pronunciation spelling.
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council