nad

See also: NAD, nád, nâd, nǟd, -nad, nad-, -nád, náð, and nåd

English

Etymology 1

Noun

nad

1. (linguistics) noun animate dependent

See also

• na
• ni
• nid
• nads

Etymology 2

Douglas Harper suggests an abbreviation of gonad originating among biology students.

Pronunciation

• Audio (AU)

  (file)

Noun

nad (plural nads)

1. (slang, mostly plural) testicle
   • 2004, Bob Gunn, Sex, Ghosts and Gumshoes, page 119:

     I look down and the little one has already cut right through my ball sac and is in the process of slicing my left nad free.

Anagrams

• -and, -dan, ADN, AND, DAN, DNA, Dan, Dan., NDA, and, and-, dan, dna

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech nad, from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnat]

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at

Preposition

nad [+instrumental]

1. over, above

   Antonym: pod

Further reading

• nad in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• nad in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

Anagrams

• And, dan, Dan, dna, DNA

Estonian

Pronoun

nad (genitive nende, partitive neid)

1. short form of nemad: they

See also

Estonian personal pronouns

		singular		plural
		long	short	long	short
1st person		mina	ma	meie	me
2nd person	familiar	sina	sa	teie	te
	polite	teie	te
3rd person	animate	tema	ta	nemad	nad
	inanimate	see		need

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Preposition

nad

1. over
2. above

Further reading

• “nad”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “nad(e)”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi

Old Irish

Particle

nad

1. Alternative spelling of nád

Polish

Alternative forms

• nade

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nadъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nōda, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neh₃ + *dʰh₁-o-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nat/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: nad
• Homophone: nad-

Preposition

nad

1. (+ instrumental) above, over (denotes location)

   Nad biurkiem wisi piękny obraz. ― Above the desk hangs a beautiful painting.

   Antonym: pod

2. (+ instrumental) on, by (denotes location - a body of water)

   Mieszkają w dużym domu nad morzem. ― They live in a big house by the sea.

   Opole leży nad Odrą. ― Opole lies on the Oder.

3. (+ accusative) above, over (denotes movement)

   Podnieś ręce nad głowę! ― Put your hands above your head!

   Antonym: pod

4. (+ accusative) to (denotes movement - a body of water)

   W niedzielę jedziemy nad jezioro. ― We're going to the lake on Sunday.

   Antonym: znad

5. (+ instrumental) over (indicates relative status, authority or power)

   Nauczyciel umiejętnie panuje nad klasą. ― The teacher skillfully keeps control over the class.

   Antonym: pod

6. (+ instrumental) on (indicates subject of the activities)

   Pracuję nad scenariuszem do nowego filmu. ― I'm working on a script for a new film.

7. (+ instrumental) the greatest of all, of (indicates status)

   Oj, marzy mi się pizza nad pizzami! ― Oh, I dream of the greatest of all pizzas!

   Zawisza Czarny, rycerz nad rycerzami, zginął po wzięciu do tureckiej niewoli. ― Zawisza Czarny, a knight of the knights, was killed after being captured by the Turks.

8. (+ instrumental) in (denotes time - only with morning)

   Rozstali się o piątej nad ranem. ― They parted at five in the morning.

Further reading

• nad in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• nad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Univerbation of an (“in”) +‎ do (“thy”)

Preposition

nad (+ dative, triggers lenition)

1. in thy; in your (singular)

Inflection

Possessive declension of an

	Singular	Plural
First person	namL	narN
Second person	nadL	nurN
Third person m	naL	nanN, namN 1)
Third person f	naH
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; N Triggers eclipsis; 1) Used before b-, f-, m- or p-

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ. Compare na (“on, onto”), nad-, nat-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nâd/

Preposition

nȁd (Cyrillic spelling на̏д)

1. (+ instrumental case) over, above (with no change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ)

   nad stolom ― over the table

   vlast nad nekim ― power over somebody

   heroj nad herojima ― the greatest of all heroes

   Synonym: ȉznad

   Antonym: pȍd

2. (+ accusative case) over, above (usually with change of position, answering the question kùda)

   Nagnuo se nad vodu. ― He leaned over the water.

   Synonym: ȉznad

   Antonym: pȍd

References

• “nad” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nat/

Preposition

nad

1. (with instrumental) over, above (stationary)
2. (with accusative) over, above (motion towards)

Welsh

Etymology

See na with the same meaning. Compare Latin neque.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nad/

Conjunction

nad

1. (formal) that … not (introduces a negative noun clause, marking it for emphasis)

   Mae e’n dweud nad athro yw ef.

   He says that he is not a teacher.

2. that … not (introduces a negative noun clause, used before a vowel)

   Mae e’n dweud nad ydy e’n mynd.

   He says that he is not going.

See also

• mai (affirmative, emphasis)
• taw (affirmative, emphasis)
• na (negative, unmarked, used before a consonant)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
nad	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “nad”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies