turēt
Latvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Baltic *turētei, from Proto-Indo-European *turH-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to enclose, grab”). In other words, from the same stem as tvert (“to grasp, to grab”), of which it was originally the iterative-durative form. (It is also possible that there was a semantically close verb *turt, from the same stem as tvert, with turēt being its iterative-durative form).
Cognates include Lithuanian turė́ti (“to have; to holt, to need”), Old Prussian turīt, turītwei (“to have; to need”).[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editturēt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present turu, turi, tur, past turēju)
- to hold (to keep something that was taken, grabbed, in a fixed position, e.g., in one's hands, lap, back, etc.)
- turēt sveci rokā ― to hold the candle in (one's) hands
- turēt rokā fotoaparātu ― to hold the camera in (one's) hands
- turēt grožus ― to hold the reins
- turēt zobos ― to hold (something) in (one's) teeth
- turēt klēpī grozu ― to hold a basket in (one's) lap
- turēt uz rokas bērnu ― to hold a child in (one's) hand(s)
- turēt uz muguras maisu ― to hold a sack on (one's) back
- turēt padusē mapi ― to hold a folder under one's arm
- viņš rokā turēja lielu, dzeltenu ādas čemodānu ― he had (lit. held) a big, yellow leather suitcase in (his) hand(s)
- to hold (to not allow someone, something to move freely, to keep someone, something in its place, to force someone, something to not move)
- turēt pie rokas bērnu ― to hold a child by the hand
- turēt kādu aiz rokas ― to hold someone by the hand
- turēt aiz saites suni ― to keep (lit. hold) a dog on a leash
- saulainās dienās viņš valkāja tikai īsas bikšeles, tās turēja pāri sīkajiem pleciem pārmestas lences ― in sunny days he wore only shorts, held (in place) (by) straps (= suspenders) over his little shoulders
- (of bodies, their parts) to keep (to position the body in a certain way and to make it remain so)
- turēt ķermeni taisni ― to keep (one's) body straight
- turēt rokas kabatās ― to keep (one's) hands on (one's) pockets
- turēt acis vaļa ― to keep (one's) eyes open
- neturēt muti vaļā ― to not keep (one's) mouth open
- turēt ausis ciet ― to keep (one's) ears closed (with one's hands)
- to keep, to hold (to make (someone, something) be or stay in some place, state or condition)
- turēt arestēto apsardzībā ― to keep the arrested person in custody
- turēt aitas kūtī ― to keep the sheep in the barn
- turēt govis pa nakti laukā ― to keep the cows in the field overnight
- nebēdājieties, bez vajadzības slimnīcā neturēsim' ― don't worry, we won't keep (him) in hospital without need
- zosis var turēt nelielos iežogojumos ― geese can be kept in small enclosures
- nevar taču cilvēku turēt cietumā tikai tāpēc, ka viņš nespēj pierādīt, ka nav vainīgs ― after all, one cannot keep a person in prison only because he cannot prove that he is not guilty
- visu ciemu viņi turēja zem ložmetēju uguns ― he kept the whole village under machine gun fire
- krāsns netur siltumu ― the oven doesn't keep the warmth (i.e., it doesn't keep the food inside warm for long if it is turned off)
- to keep, to hold (to make (something) be or stay for some time in a certain situation, condition, or place)
- turēt durvis atvērtas ― to keep the door open
- turēt logus vaļa ― to keep the window open
- turēt ieroci gatavībā ― to keep (one's) weapon ready
- turēt produktus aukstumā ― to keep the vegetables cold
- turēt telpas kārtībā ― to keep the rooms in order, tidy
- to keep, to have (to make sure that some product is available)
- kāpēc jūs neturat savā veikalā līgavas tērpus? ― why don't you keep bridal clothes in your shop?
- prece, kuru viņš turēja nebija no sliktākajām ― the product(s) which he kept, had (in his shop) were not of the worst (kind)
- (in memory, in mind) to keep, to bear (to remember, to remain aware of something)
- kādu laiku turēju šo sarunu atmiņā ― for a while I kept this conversation in (my) memory
- viņš bija turējis prātā līdzību, kurā stāstīts par saules un vētras derību ― he had kept in mind the parable in which (one) tells about the bet between the sun and the storm
- to keep, to hold, to run, to have (to own (property), to manage, administer it, to take care of it)
- turēt lauku mājas ― to keep, to have a farmhouse
- turēt akcijas ― to hold, to have stocks
- turēt zosis ― to keep, raise geese
- turēt terārijos rāpuļus ― to keep reptiles in a terrarium
- pirms kara viņš bija turējis viesnīcu ― before the war he had kept, run a hotel
- pirms kara saimnieks turējis kādas desmit piecpadsmit govis ― before the war the farmer (had) kept some ten, fifteen cows
- to keep (to hire, to employ, usually in one's farm, home)
- turēt kalponi, aukli ― to keep a maid, a nanny
- to keep (to allow someone to stay, to live in one's home)
- Kate tika turēta nevis kā saimnieku audžu meita, bet itin kā kad būtu viņu pašu bērns ― Kate was kept not as the landlord's foster daughter, but as if she were his own child
- (of vehicles) to keep, to hold (to cause to remain moving in a certain direction)
- turēt laivu vairāk pa labi ― to keep the ship on the right
- turot kursu uz Rīgu, franču tvaikonis ātri attālinās ― holding course toward Rīga, the French steamer went quickly away
- “tā turēt!” atskan komanda no kapteiņa tiltiņa ― “keep like that!” (= hold course, do not change direction), the command came from the captain's bridge
- (of people) to keep, to hold (to prevent from going away, from moving, acting freely)
- Ieva vēl gan turēja un turēja Trīni, kamēr galu galā tak atlaida ― Ieva indeed kept holding (lit. held and held) Trīni, but in the end she let her go
- Kristaps gribēja apprecēties; nekas taču neturēja: abi brīvi cilvēki, arī mīlestība pietiekami pārbauditā grūtās dienās ― Kristaps wanted to get married; nothing held/kept (= prevented) him (from it): both (were) free people, (and) their love had been sufficiently tested in difficult days
- (with savā varā) to keep in one's power (to limit someone's freedom of motion or action)
- es pazinu arī ķēniņmeitu, ko velns turēja savā varā un ko Arājdēlam vajadzēja atpestīt ― I know also a princess whom the devil kept in his power and whom Arājdēls had to liberate
- večuka skatiens mani turēja savā varā ― the old man's look kept me in his power
- (with an object and a predicate) to keep (someone, something) in a certain state or situation
- turēt kārtībā ― to keep (something) in order, tidy
- tīri apģērbtus viņa turēja savus bērnus ― she kept her children cleanly dressed (= in clean clothes)
- pavadoņu uztveršnas aparatūra turēs radiokontrolē praktiski visu zemeslodes virsmu ― the satellite's reception engine will keep practically the entire surface of the earth under radio control
- karalis grib, lai viņa kalpus tur tā, ka tie neaizmirst drebēt ― the king wants that his servants be kept so (= in such a way) that they don't forget (how to) tremble (= to be afraid)
- to keep, to hold (to link, to connect with something)
- visas lietas turēja citu pie citas kā piesietas desmit saitēm ― all things were held together (lit. one by the other) like ten ropes tied (to each other)
- vienīga saite, kas viņu vēl turēja pie dzīves, bija Paulis ― the only link that still kept him (connected to) life, was Paulis
- to keep, to hold, to keep up, to keep going (to be able to perform; to be able to cope, put up with something unpleasant)
- Jānim nebija veselības, nevarēja smago lauku darbu turēt ― Jānis didn't have (good) health, he could not keep the heavy farm work
- tilta balsti neturēs ledus spiedienu ― the fundament of the bridge will not hold the pressure of the ice
- darbs turpinājās līdz vēlam vakaram; Ojārs dūšīgi turēja līdz galam ― work continued till late at night; Ojārs bravely held, kept
- drīz vien ilkss ir salabota: “nez vai turēs?” šaubīdamies ieminos... “turēs! tikpat kā jauna...” ― soon the limb was repaired: “will it hold?” (he) asked doubtfully... “(yes), it will hold! just like new...”
- to keep, to hold (to prevent something undesirable from going through)
- vecās turpes neturēja mitrumu ― the old shoes did not keep humidity (out)
- sienām vēsums velk cauri, un jumts labi lietu netur ― the cold pulled through the walls, and the roof did not hold the rain well (= did not keep it out completely)
- to hold, to consider, to think of something, someone in a certain way
- turēt grāmatu par vajadzīgu ― to hold the book to be important
- turēt darbu par pienākumu ― to consider work as a duty
- turēt kaimiņu par zagli ― to consider the neighbor a thief
- turēt (ko) zem sava goda ― to consider (something) beneath one's honor (= to believe it not consistent with one's moral standards)
- kas tā bija par milzīgu naudu! par tik bagātu Mālnieku neviens neturēja ― what an enormous amount of money! nobody had thought that Mālnieks was so rich
- turēdams cilvēkus labākus, nekā viņi tiesām ir, tapsi dažu labu reizi pievilts ― (by) considering people to be better than they really are, one is often disappointed
- (of emotions, usually negative) to keep, to hold (to go on feeling, expressing it, generally for a long time)
- turēt dusmas (uz kādu) ― to hold (= feel) anger (at someone)
- turēt naudu ― to hold, keep hatred (= to go on hating)
- turēt rūpi (par kādu, par ko) ― to worry (lit. keep worries) about someone, something
- (of laugh, tears) to hold, to control, to prevent
- šur tur kāds rīstījās, turēdams smieklus, dažs vairs nespēja valdīties un smējās, iespiedis muti spilvenā ― here and there someone (= some people) choked, holding (their) laugh, some could not control themselves and laughed, pressing their mouths against the pillow(s)
- (of promises) to keep, to fulfill
- turēt solījumu, zvērestu ― to keep a promise, an oath
- (dated sense) to keep, to take, to take part in, to participate
- Saleniek, jums ir jātur eksāmens uz otro klasi ― Salenieks, you must hold (= take) the exam in the other class
- vienīgi māte, es un sētas suns turējam mājas sardzi ― only mother, I and the fence dog kept guard (in the) house
- (dated sense) to hold, to speak, to pronounce
- turēt runu, sprediķi ― to hold (= pronounce) a speech, a sermon
- turēt aizdomās (kādu) ― to hold someone in suspicion (= to suspect someone)
Conjugation
editconjugation of turēt
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | turu | turēju | turēšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | turi | turēji | turēsi | turi |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | tur | turēja | turēs | lai tur |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | turam | turējām | turēsim | turēsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | turat | turējāt | turēsiet, turēsit |
turiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | tur | turēja | turēs | lai tur |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | turot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | turošs | ||
Past | esot turējis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | turēdams | ||
Future | turēšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | turot | ||
Imperative | lai turot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | turam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | turējis | |||
Present | turētu | Present Passive | turams | ||
Past | būtu turējis | Past Passive | turēts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jātur | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | turēt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jātur | Negative Infinitive | neturēt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jāturot | Verbal noun | turēšana |
Derived terms
edit- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “turēt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN