孤
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
孤 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5 in Chinese, 子+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓木竹女人 (NDHVO), four-corner 12430, composition ⿰子瓜)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 279, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6966
- Dae Jaweon: page 547, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1014, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5B64
ChineseEdit
trad. | 孤 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 孤 |
Glyph originEdit
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷaː): semantic 子 (“child”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː).
EtymologyEdit
Related to 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “alone; widow”), 鰥 (OC *kruːn, *kruːns, “widower”) (Schuessler, 2007).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
孤
- orphaned; parentless
- alone; solitary
- orphan
- (usually by an emperor or a king) I
- 秦伯素服郊次,鄉師而哭曰:「孤違蹇叔,以辱二三子,孤之罪也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Qín bó sùfú jiāocì, xiàng shī ér kū yuē: “Gū wéi Jiǎnshū, yǐ rǔ èrsānzǐ, gū zhī zuì yě.” [Pinyin]
- The earl of Qin, in white mourning garments, was waiting for them in the borders of the capital, and wept, looking in the direction where the army had been lost. He said, "I have gone against the counsel of Jian Shu and thus brought disgrace on you, my generals; it is my crime."
秦伯素服郊次,乡师而哭曰:“孤违蹇叔,以辱二三子,孤之罪也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
- 遺孤 (iko): orphan
- 孤雲 (kōn)
- 孤影 (koei)
- 孤猿 (koen)
- 孤介 (kokai)
- 孤客 (kokaku)
- 孤雁 (kogan)
- 孤笈 (kokyū)
- 孤衾 (kokin)
- 孤軍 (kogun)
- 孤閨 (kokei)
- 孤月 (kogetsu)
- 孤剣 (koken)
- 孤高 (kokō)
- 孤坐 (koza)
- 孤在 (kozai)
- 孤山 (kozan)
- 孤児 (koji)
- 孤弱 (kojaku)
- 孤樹 (koju)
- 孤舟 (koshū)
- 孤愁 (koshū)
- 孤称 (koshō)
- 孤聳 (koshō)
- 孤城 (kojō)
- 孤食 (koshoku)
- 孤身 (koshin)
- 孤棲 (kosei): living alone
- 孤絶 (kozetsu)
- 孤村 (koson)
- 孤尊 (koson)
- 孤忠 (kochū)
- 孤注 (kochū)
- 孤灯 (kotō)
- 孤島 (kotō)
- 孤独 (kodoku)
- 孤帆 (kohan)
- 孤平 (kohyō)
- 孤峰 (kohō)
- 孤篷庵 (kohōan)
- 孤本 (kohon)
- 孤立 (koritsu): isolation
- 孤塁 (korui)
- 孤例 (korei)
- 孤老 (korō)
- 孤陋 (korō)
- 単孤 (tanko)
- 徳は孤ならず必ず隣あり (toku wa ko narazu kanarazu tonari ari)
- 孤児 (minashigo)
Etymology 1Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
孤 |
こ Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 孤 (ku).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
AdjectiveEdit
孤 • (ko) -na (adnominal 孤な (ko na), adverbial 孤に (ko ni))
Etymology 2Edit
Kanji in this term |
---|
孤 |
みなしご Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Jukujikun kanji use for the term みなしご, itself a compound of 身 (mi, “identity, family”) + 無 (nashi, “none, without”) + 子 (ko, “child”). The final syllable's ko reading changes to go due to rendaku (連濁).
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 孤 (MC kuo). Recorded as Middle Korean 고 (kwo) (Yale: ko) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
孤: Hán Nôm readings: cô, co, còi, côi, go, gò
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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