師
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Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
師 (radical 50 巾+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口一中月 (HRMLB), four-corner 21727, composition ⿰𠂤帀)
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 331, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8916
- Dae Jaweon: page 637, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 740, character 2
- Unihan data for U+5E2B
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 師 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 师 | |
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 篩 | *sreːl, *srel, *sri |
| 師 | *sri |
| 鰤 | *sri |
| 蒒 | *sri |
| 獅 | *sri |
| 螄 | *sri |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 𠂤 (“mound, hill”) + 帀 – ancient troops were usually stationed at a hill.
Each of the two components can be used as 師 on their own in preclassical scripts. The significance of 帀 is debated.
EtymologyEdit
Starostin derives this word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rij (“many”), cognate with 皆 (OC *kriːj, “all”), 偕 (OC *kriːj, “together with”), as well as Tibetan ཁྲི (khri, “ten thousand”) and Burmese ရဲ (rai:, “police”).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): si1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
- Min Dong (BUC): să / sṳ̆
- Min Nan (POJ): sai / su / sir
- Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕ
- Wade-Giles: shih1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
- IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: si1
- Yale: sī
- Cantonese Pinyin: si1
- Guangdong Romanization: xi1
- IPA (key): /siː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
- Hakka Romanization System: sii´
- Hagfa Pinyim: si1
- IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: să / sṳ̆
- IPA (key): /sa⁵⁵/, /sy⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- să - vernacular (“to be expert in; expert; term of address for experts”);
- sṳ̆ - literary.
- Min Nan
Note:
- sai - vernacular;
- su/sir - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: sr (T1)
- IPA (key): /sz̩⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 師 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /ʂʐ̩²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʂʐ̩²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʂʐ̩²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Xining | /sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʂʐ̩³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /sz̩⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /sz̩³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /sz̩²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /sz̩¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /sz̩¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /sz̩³¹/ 老～ /səʔ⁰/ 大～傅 |
|
| Wu | Shanghai | /sz̩⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /sz̩³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /sz̩³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /sz̩³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /sz̩¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /sz̩³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /sz̩³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sz̩⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sz̩⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /sï²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /si⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /sz̩⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /si⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /su⁵⁵/ /sai⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /sy⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /su⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /sɯ³³/ /sai³³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /si²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 師 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | Chongniu III |
| Fanqie | 疏夷切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʃˠiɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʃᵚi/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʃiɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʂji/ |
| Li Rong |
/ʃji/ |
| Wang Li |
/ʃi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʂi/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shī |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 師 | 師 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shī | shī |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ srij › | ‹ srij › |
| Old Chinese |
/*srij/ | /*srij/ |
| English | army | master |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 師 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11433 |
| Phonetic component |
師 |
| Rime group |
脂 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
師 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sri/ |
DefinitionsEdit
師
- (historical, military) division of 2500 soldiers
- (military) division; a large body of troops composing part of an army
- army; troops; armed force
- to dispatch troops; to send troops
- the masses; populace; general public
- (historical) A level of administrative division comprising ten major cities.
- capital city; metropolis
- strategist; military adviser
- leader; chief; commander; head; captain
- teacher; instructor
- master; expert; specialist
- (Min Dong) to be an expert in; adept at; capable
- (Min Dong) Respectful term of address for an expert in a trade or profession.
- (religion) Respectful title for monks, nuns and Taoist priests.
- (historical) musician
- model; example; fine example
- to follow; to imitate; to follow the example of
- “Army” (䷆): the seventh hexagram of the I Ching
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 師
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
師
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: し (shi, Jōyō)
- Nanori: のし (noshi); のり (nori); もろ (moro); かず (kazu); つかさ (tsukasa); みつ (mitsu); もと (moto)
CompoundsEdit
Proper nounEdit
- A surname.
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
師 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
- teacher, master, one's mentor