株

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

株 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹十木 (DHJD), four-corner 4599₀, composition ⿰木朱)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 523, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14723
Dae Jaweon: page 911, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1199, character 10
Unihan data for U+682A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		株

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (朱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咮	tu, tus, tos, tjo
株	*to
誅	*to
邾	*to
鼄	*to
跦	*to
袾	to, tʰjo
鴸	to, tjo
蛛	*to
殊	to, djo
趎	*do
珠	*tjo
朱	*tjo
侏	*tjo
絑	*tjo
祩	tjo, tjos
鮢	*tjo
硃	*tjo
姝	*tʰjo
銖	*djo
茱	*djo
洙	*djo
陎	*djo

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *to): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).

EtymologyEdit

Perhaps Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟhooʔ (“tree; wood”), whence Mon ဆု (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhū (zhu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tu / ti / chu

(Teochew, Peng'im): du¹ / zu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
  - Wade–Giles: chu¹
  - Yale: jū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyu¹
  - Yale: jyū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃyː⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu
  - Tâi-lô: tu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tu³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti
  - Tâi-lô: ti
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ti⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
  - Tâi-lô: tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: du¹ / zu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tu / tsu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³³/, /t͡su³³/

Note:

du1 - vernacular;
zu1 - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ʈɨo/

Rime
Character	株
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟輸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuə̆/
Li Rong	/ȶio/
Wang Li	/ȶĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tro/

(Zhengzhang): /*to/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	株
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhū
Middle Chinese	‹ trju ›
Old Chinese	/*tro/
English	tree root, stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	株
Reading #	1/1
No.	17557
Phonetic component	朱
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	株
Old Chinese	/*to/
Notes	朱轉註字

DefinitionsEdit

株

tree stump
守株待兔 ― shǒuzhūdàitù ― (literally) to watch a tree stump waiting for a rabbit
plant
Classifier for plants. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- 千株老柏，萬節修篁。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  千株老柏，万节修篁。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16^th century CE
  Qiān zhū lǎo bǎi, wàn jié xiū huáng. [Pinyin]
  A thousand stalks of old cypress, ten thousand stems of tall bamboo.
Classifier for viruses.
root

SynonymsEdit

(plant):

edit

植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
植株 (zhízhū)
植物 (zhíwù)

植被 (zhíbèi)
花卉 (huāhuì)
花草 (huācǎo)

草木 (cǎomù)
歲物／岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)

(classifier for plants):

Dialectal synonyms of 棵 (“(classifier for plants)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		本, 株
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		棵, 株
Mandarin	Beijing	棵
	Taiwan	棵
	Ulanhot	棵
	Tongliao	棵
	Chifeng	棵
	Bayanhot	棵
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	棵
	Yantai (Muping)	棵
	Jinan	棵
	Luoyang	棵
	Wanrong	棵
	Xi'an	個, 棵
	Yinchuan	棵
	Lanzhou	棵
	Xining	棵
	Ürümqi	棵
	Wuhan	棵
	Chengdu	根, 窩
	Guiyang	棵
	Guilin	蔸
	Liuzhou	蔸, 樖
	Nanning (Fujian)	蔸
	Xuzhou	棵
	Yangzhou	棵
	Nanjing	棵
	Hefei	棵
	Nantong	棵
	Singapore	棵
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	個
Cantonese	Guangzhou	樖, 蔸
	Hong Kong	樖
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	樖, 蔸
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	樖
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	樖
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	樖
	Macau	樖
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	樖
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	樖
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	樖
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	樖
	Foshan	樖
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	樖
	Foshan (Shunde)	樖
	Foshan (Sanshui)	樖
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	樖
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	樖
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	樖
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	蔸, 樖
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	蔸
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	蔸
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	蔸
	Taishan	蔸
	Kaiping (Chikan)	蔸
	Enping (Niujiang)	蔸
	Heshan (Yayao)	蔸
	Dongguan	蔸
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	樖
	Qingyuan	樖
	Fogang	樖
	Yingde (Hanguang)	樖
	Yangshan	蔸
	Lianshan (Butian)	蔸
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	蔸
	Shaoguan	樖
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	樖
	Renhua	蔸
	Lechang	樖
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	樖
	Sihui	樖
	Guangning	條
	Deqing	樖
	Huaiji	蔸
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	樖
	Yunfu	樖
	Xinxing	樖
	Luoding	樖
	Yunan (Pingtai)	樖
	Yangjiang	蔸
	Xinyi	樖
	Lianjiang	棵
	Nanning	樖, 蔸
	Wuzhou	樖
	Yulin	樖, 蔸
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	條
	Guiping	樖
	Mengshan (Xihe)	樖
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	蔸
	Baise	樖
	Bobai	蔸
	Lingshan	蔸
	Pubei	蔸
	Qinzhou	蔸
	Beihai	蔸
Ningming	樖
Hengzhou	蔸
Hezhou (Pumen)	棵
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	樖
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	樖
Gan	Nanchang	蔸, 棵
	Lichuan	頭, 棵
	Pingxiang	隻, 蔸
Hakka	Meixian	條, 墩
	Xingning	條, 頭
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	蔸
	Huidong (Daling)	樖
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	樖
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	樖
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	樖
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	條
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	條
	Wuhua (Changbu)	條
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	條
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	堆
	Wengyuan	鬥
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	樖
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	根
	Liannan	蔸
	Conghua (Lütian)	樖
	Jiexi	頭
	Luhe	堆
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	支
	Changting	蔸
	Wuping	頭
	Wuping (Yanqian)	頭
	Wuping (Pingyu)	頭
	Liancheng	蔸, 叢
	Ninghua	頭
	Yudu	頭
	Ningdu	頭
	Ruijin	頭
	Shicheng	頭
	Shangyou (Shexi)	頭
	Tonggu (Sandu)	蔸
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	蔸
	Dayu	蔸
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	頭
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	頭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	頭
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	頭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	頭
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	頭
	Hong Kong	樖
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	蔸
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	蔸
	Xinyi (Sihe)	樖
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	樖
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	條
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	頭
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	條
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	條
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	條
	Mengshan (Xihe)	樖
	Luchuan	樖
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	條
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	條
	Mashan (Pianlian)	條
	Sabah (Longchuan)	樖
	Senai (Huiyang)	樖
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	頭
	Singkawang	頭
Huizhou	Jixi	棵
Jin	Taiyuan	朳, 棵
	Pingyao	朳
	Xinzhou	蔔
	Taibus (Baochang)	棵
	Linhe	苗
	Jining	棵
	Hohhot	棵
	Baotou	棵
	Dongsheng	苗
	Haibowan	棵
Min Bei	Jian'ou	叢
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	蔸
	Songxi	叢
	Zhenghe	叢
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	枝
	Jianyang	叢, 枝
	Wuyishan	叢
	Pucheng (Shibei)	叢
Min Dong	Fuzhou	蔸
	Changle	蔸
	Fuqing	蔸
	Pingtan	蔸
	Yongtai	蔸
	Gutian	蔸
	Fu'an	蔸
	Ningde	蔸
	Shouning	蔸, 蓬
	Zhouning	蔸
	Fuding	蔸
Min Nan	Xiamen	叢
	Quanzhou	叢
	Jinjiang	叢
	Yongchun	叢
	Zhangzhou	叢
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	叢
	Taipei	叢
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	叢
	Kaohsiung	叢
	Yilan	叢
	Changhua (Lukang)	叢
	Taichung	叢
	Tainan	叢
	Hsinchu	叢
	Kinmen	叢
	Penghu (Magong)	叢
	Penang (Hokkien)	叢
	Singapore (Hokkien)	叢
	Manila (Hokkien)	叢
	Longyan	頭
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	叢
	Datian	蔸
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	樖
	Chaozhou	叢
	Shantou	叢
	Jieyang	叢, 蔸
	Bangkok (Teochew)	叢
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	叢
	Leizhou	叢
	Haikou	叢
Puxian Min	Putian	蔸
Puxian Min	Xianyou	蔸
Min Zhong	Yong'an	叢
	Sanyuan	叢
	Shaxian	叢
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	樖
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	樖
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	樖, 蔸
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蔸, 樖
Shehua	Fu'an	蔸
	Fuding	蔸
	Luoyuan	蔸
	Sanming	蔸
	Shunchang	蔸
	Hua'an	蔸
	Guixi (Zhangping)	蔸
	Cangnan	蔸
	Jingning	蔸
	Lishui	蔸
	Longyou	蔸
	Fengshun	蔸
Wu	Shanghai	棵
	Shanghai (Chongming)	棵
	Suzhou	棵
	Wuxi	棵
	Danyang	棵
	Hangzhou	棵
	Ningbo	棵
	Wenzhou	株
	Jinhua	根
Xiang	Changsha	棵, 隻
	Xiangtan	線
	Loudi	蔸
	Shuangfeng	隻
	Quanzhou	棵

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 株

DescendantsEdit

→ Proto-Tai: *toːᴬ
- Thai: ตอ (dtɔɔ)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

株

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ちゅう (chū)^{←ちゆう (tyū, historical)}
Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)^{←ちゆう (tyū, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}
Kun: かぶ (kabu, 株, Jōyō)

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

株

Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
株
かぶ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kampu. Cognate with Kunigami 株 (かぶー, khabū), Northern Amami-Oshima 株 (がぶ, gabu), Okinawan 株 (かぶ, kabu).

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) かぶ [kàbú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ka̠bɯ̟ᵝ]

NounEdit

株(かぶ) • (kabu)

stump of a tree
stock (in a company)
share(s) of stock
(virology) variant; strain
デルタ株(かぶ)
deruta-kabu
delta variant (COVID-19)

SuffixEdit

株(かぶ) • (-kabu)

Abbreviation for 株(かぶ)式(しき)会(がい)社(しゃ) (kabushiki gaisha, “stock company”); inc.

Coordinate termsEdit

社(しゃ) (sha): co.
有(ゆう) (yū): Ltd.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
株
しゅ Grade: 6
kan’yōon

From Middle Chinese 株 (trju).

PronunciationEdit

Kan’yōyomi

(Tokyo) しゅ [shúꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨᵝ]

NounEdit

株(しゅ) • (shu)

stump of a tree

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

岩(がん)株(しゅ) (ganshu)
雌(し)雄(ゆう)異(い)株(しゅ) (shiyūishu)
雌(し)雄(ゆう)同(どう)株(しゅ) (shiyūdōshu)
雌(し)雄(ゆう)別(べっ)株(しゅ) (shiyūbesshu)
守(しゅ)株(しゅ) (shushu)
株(しゅ)を削(けず)り根(ね)を掘(ほ)る (shu o kezuri ne o horu)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
株
くい Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 株 – see the following entry.

【くい】	[noun] stake, pile, post Alternative spellings 杭, 杙, 株

(This term, 株, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
株
くいぜ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 株 – see the following entry.

【くいぜ】

[noun] stump

Alternative spellings
杭, 杙, 株

(This term, 株, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

株, eumhun 그루 주 (geuru ju)

Hanja form^? of 주 (“stump of a tree”).

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

株: Hán Nôm readings: chò, châu, chu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[1]

[2]