輸
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
輸 (radical 159, 車+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十十人一弓 (JJOMN), four-corner 58021, composition ⿰車俞(GHTJV or U+FAC2) or ⿰車兪(K or U+2F9DF))
Derived charactersEdit
Related charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1246, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38438
- Dae Jaweon: page 1723, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3546, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8F38
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 輸 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 输 | |
| alternative forms | ⿰车入 second round simplified ⿱亼𨊸 ⿰車𬾮 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 褕 | *low, *lo |
| 偷 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 媮 | *l̥ʰoː, *lo |
| 鍮 | *l̥ʰoː |
| 緰 | *l'oː, *slo |
| 牏 | *l'oː, *l'os, *lo |
| 揄 | *l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo |
| 窬 | *l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo |
| 歈 | *l'oː, *lo |
| 俞 | *l̥ʰus, *lo |
| 隃 | *slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo |
| 毹 | *sro |
| 輸 | *hljo, *hljos |
| 鄃 | *hljo, *lo |
| 腧 | *hljos |
| 逾 | *lo |
| 榆 | *lo |
| 愉 | *lo |
| 渝 | *lo |
| 瑜 | *lo |
| 蕍 | *lo |
| 覦 | *lo, *los |
| 蝓 | *lo |
| 踰 | *lo |
| 崳 | *lo |
| 羭 | *lo |
| 堬 | *lo |
| 瘉 | *lo, *loʔ |
| 萮 | *lo |
| 騟 | *lo |
| 愈 | *loʔ |
| 貐 | *loʔ |
| 喻 | *los |
| 諭 | *los |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljo, *hljos): semantic 車 + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
輸
- to transport; to carry; to haul
- to lose; to be beaten; to be defeated
- Synonym: 敗／败 (bài)
- Antonym: 贏／赢 (yíng)
- 輸給一個小孩 / 输给一个小孩 ― shū gěi yīge xiǎohái ― to lose to a child
- 輸畀個細路 / 输畀个细路 [Cantonese] ― syu1 bei2 go3 sai3 lou6 [Jyutping] ― to lose to a child
- 智者竭其智，勇者奮其勇，富者輸其財，舉國一致，眾志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1915: 李大釗 (Li Dazhao) 《警告全國父老書》 (A Letter of Warning to All the Elders of the Country)
- Zhì zhě jié qí zhì, yǒng zhě fèn qí yǒng, fù zhě shū qí cái, jǔ guó yīzhì, zhòngzhìchéngchéng. [Pinyin]
- The wise exhaust their wisdom; the brave consume their bravery; the wealthy lose their wealth; [when] the entire country shares a common goal, the will of the masses forge a stronghold.
智者竭其智，勇者奋其勇，富者输其财，举国一致，众志成城。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to donate; to contribute
- 輸誠 / 输诚 ― shū chéng ― to contribute/express sincerity
- 輸財助邊 / 输财助边 ― shū cái zhù biān ― to donate money for border defence
- 侍郎宋德宜奏稱捐輸三載，所入二百餘萬，知縣最多，計五百餘人。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 《清稗類鈔·度支類·捐輸始於開國》 (Anthology of Petty Qing Matters)
- Shìláng Sòngdéyí zòu chēng juān shū sān zǎi, suǒ rù èrbǎi yú wàn, zhīxiàn zuìduō, jì wǔbǎi yú rén. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
侍郎宋德宜奏称捐输三载，所入二百余万，知县最多，计五百余人。 [MSC, simp.]
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
輸
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: す (su)
- Kan-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
- Kun: おくる (okuru, 輸る); いたす (itasu, 輸す)
- Kan’yōon ゆ (yu) is from analogy to other kanji with the phonetic part 俞. Compare 愉 (yu) and 諭 (yu).
Derived termsEdit
- 密輸 (mitsuyu, “smuggling”)
- 禁輸 (kin'yu, “embargo”)
- 空輸 (kūyu, “air transport”)
- 輸する (yusuru, “to transport”)
- 輸入 (yunyū, “import”)
- 輸出 (yushutsu, “export”)
- 輸液 (yueki, “intravenous infusion”)
- 輸血 (yuketsu, “blood transfusion”)
- 輸卵管 (yurankan, “Fallopian tube”)
- 輸送 (yusō, “to transport”)
- 運輸 (un'yu, “transportation”)
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 輸 (MC ɕɨo, ɕɨoH). Recorded as Middle Korean 슈 (Yale: syu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
HanjaEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
輸: Hán Việt readings: thâu[1][2][3]
輸: Nôm readings: thua[1][2][3][4], thâu[1][3]