Wiktionary

紅葉

See also: 红叶

Chinese edit

 
red; revolutionary; prosperity
red; revolutionary; prosperity; bonus; popular
 leaf; page
trad. (紅葉) 紅 葉
simp. (红叶) 红 叶

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

紅葉

  1. red autumnal leaves
    香山紅葉／香山红叶  ―  xiāngshān hóngyè  ―  the red autumnal leaves of Fragrant Hills
  2. (Sichuanese) matchmaker

Synonyms edit

  • (matchmaker):

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (紅葉):
  • → Japanese: 紅葉(こうよう) (kōyō)
  • → Korean: 홍엽(紅葉) (hong'yeop)

Japanese edit

FWOTD – 15 April 2018

Etymology 1 edit

 
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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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紅葉 (momiji, kōyō): colored (in this case, reddened) autumn leaves
Kanji in this term
紅 葉
もみじ
Grade: 6 Grade: 3
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
黄葉
栬 (Japanese maple)
椛 (Japanese maple)
栴 (Japanese maple)

⟨momi1ti⟩ → */momʲiti/ → /momʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/

Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (momi1ti → momichi).[1]

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu, “to turn, change color; said of leaves”).[1][2]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 紅葉／红叶 (hóngyè), see kōyō below.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

紅葉(もみじ) or 紅葉(モミジ) • (momiji) ←もみぢ (momidi) or モミヂ (momidi)?

  1. the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
  2. the colored leaves themselves
  3. 栬, 椛, 栴: Short for 以呂波紅葉 (iroha momiji): the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum
  4. Short for 紅葉襲 (momiji-gasane): a style of layering garments with crimson on the front and blue (or dark red) on the back
  5. (colloquial) venison, deer meat
    Synonym: 鹿肉 (shika-niku)
  6. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of autumn leaves or the Japanese maple
    Synonym: 楓 (kaede)
  7. (card games) the suit of autumn leaves (or the Japanese maple) in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of October
    Hyponyms: 紅葉に青短 (momiji ni aotan), 紅葉に鹿 (momiji ni shika)
    Coordinate terms: 松, 梅, 桜, 藤, 菖蒲, 牡丹, 萩, 芒, 菊, 紅葉, 柳, 桐
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Idioms edit
Proverbs edit
Coordinate terms edit

Verb edit

紅葉(もみじ)する • (momiji suru) ←もみぢ (momidi)?suru (stem 紅葉(もみじ)し (momiji shi), past 紅葉(もみじ)した (momiji shita))

  1. (of leaves) to turn (change color), especially during autumn
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "紅葉する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 紅葉し もみじし momiji shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 紅葉し もみじし momiji shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 紅葉する もみじする momiji suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 紅葉する もみじする momiji suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 紅葉すれ もみじすれ momiji sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 紅葉せよ¹
紅葉しろ² 		もみじせよ¹
もみじしろ² 		momiji seyo¹
momiji shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 紅葉される もみじされる momiji sareru
Causative 紅葉させる
紅葉さす 		もみじさせる
もみじさす 		momiji saseru
momiji sasu
Potential 紅葉できる もみじできる momiji dekiru
Volitional 紅葉しよう もみじしよう momiji shiyō
Negative 紅葉しない もみじしない momiji shinai
Negative continuative 紅葉せず もみじせず momiji sezu
Formal 紅葉します もみじします momiji shimasu
Perfective 紅葉した もみじした momiji shita
Conjunctive 紅葉して もみじして momiji shite
Hypothetical conditional 紅葉すれば もみじすれば momiji sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Proper noun edit

紅葉(もみじ) • (Momiji) ←もみぢ (momidi)?

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    秋(あき)の夕(ゆう)日(ひ)に照(て)る山(やま)紅葉(もみじ)、濃(こ)いも薄(うす)いも数(かず)ある中(なか)に、松(まつ)を彩(いろど)る楓(かえで)や蔦(つた)は、山(やま)のふもとの裾(すそ)模様(もよう)
    aki no yūhi ni teru yama momiji, koi mo usui mo kazu aru naka ni, matsu o irodoru kaede ya tsuta wa, yama no fumoto no suso-moyō
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
紅 葉
もみじ
Grade: 6 		は > ば
Grade: 3
irregular kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
黄葉
紅葉葉 (rare)

Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (momi1tiba → momichiba).[1]

Can be parsed as a compound of 紅葉ぢ (momiji, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”) +‎ 葉 (ha, “leaf”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

紅(もみじ)葉(ば) • (momijiba) ←もみぢば (momidiba)?

  1. turned (colored) autumn leaves
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 5, poem 366; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 69)
      嵐(あらし)吹(ふ)く三(み)室(む)の山(やま)のもみぢ葉(ば)は竜(たつ)田(た)の川(かは)の錦(にしき)なりけり
      arashi fuku Mimuro-no-yama no momijiba wa Tatsuta-no-kawa no nishiki narikeri
      The sweeping stormy winds from Mount Mimuro weaves adorning Tatsuta river with a brocade of crimson leaves.[4]
  2. the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
Usage notes edit

For emphasis, the initial momiji is usually written in kana alone, as もみじ葉 (​momijiba).

Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
紅 葉
こう
Grade: 6 		よう
Grade: 3
kan’on
Alternative spelling
黄葉

/kou jepu/ → /koːjefu/ → /koːjeu/ → /koːjoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 紅葉 (MC huwng yep, literally “crimson, red + leaf”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

紅(こう)葉(よう) • (kōyō) ←こうえふ (kouefu)?

  1. the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
  2. the colored leaves themselves
    • 1999 August 26, “紅(こう)葉(よう)の女(じょ)王(おう)”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
      鮮(あざ)やかな紅(こう)葉(よう)に囲(かこ)まれて暮(く)らす、緑(りょく)樹(じゅ)の霊(れい)王(おう)のお妃(ひ)。
      Azayaka na kōyō ni kakomarete kurasu, Ryokuju no Reiō no ohi.
      The consort of the Spirit King of Greenery, living within vibrant autumn leaves.
Derived terms edit
Idioms edit

Verb edit

紅(こう)葉(よう)する • (kōyō suru) ←こうえふ (kouefu)?suru (stem 紅(こう)葉(よう)し (kōyō shi), past 紅(こう)葉(よう)した (kōyō shita))

  1. (of leaves) to turn (change color), especially during autumn
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "紅葉する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 紅葉し こうようし kōyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 紅葉し こうようし kōyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 紅葉する こうようする kōyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 紅葉する こうようする kōyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 紅葉すれ こうようすれ kōyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 紅葉せよ¹
紅葉しろ² 		こうようせよ¹
こうようしろ² 		kōyō seyo¹
kōyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 紅葉される こうようされる kōyō sareru
Causative 紅葉させる
紅葉さす 		こうようさせる
こうようさす 		kōyō saseru
kōyō sasu
Potential 紅葉できる こうようできる kōyō dekiru
Volitional 紅葉しよう こうようしよう kōyō shiyō
Negative 紅葉しない こうようしない kōyō shinai
Negative continuative 紅葉せず こうようせず kōyō sezu
Formal 紅葉します こうようします kōyō shimasu
Perfective 紅葉した こうようした kōyō shita
Conjunctive 紅葉して こうようして kōyō shite
Hypothetical conditional 紅葉すれば こうようすれば kōyō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Proper noun edit

紅(こう)葉(よう) • (Kōyō) ←こうえふ (kouefu)?

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4 edit

Other various nanori readings.

Proper noun edit

紅葉(あかは) or 紅葉(あけは) or 紅葉(あげは) or 紅葉(いろは) or 紅葉(かえで) or 紅葉(くれは) or 紅葉(べには) or 紅葉(もみ) or 紅葉(もよ) • (Akaha or Akeha or Ageha or Iroha or Kaede or Kureha or Beniha or Momi or Moyo) 

  1. a female given name

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Janet Emily Goff (2014) Noh Drama and "The Tale of the Genji": The Art of Allusion in Fifteen Classical Plays (Princeton Legacy Library), annotated edition, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 263
  4. ^ Sagnik Bhattacharya (2015) A Hundred Autumn Leaves: The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu: Translated and Annotated, Partridge Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Sasaki Sanmi, Shaun McCabe, Iwasaki Satoko (2011) Chado the Way of Tea: A Japanese Tea Master's Almanac, Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN, page 564

Old Japanese edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology 1 edit

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi1tu, “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”).

Possibly cognate with verb 燃ゆ (mo1yu, “to burn”).

Noun edit

紅葉 (momi1ti) (kana もみち)

  1. the turning of leaves in autumn
  2. the turned autumn leaves themselves
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 2201:
      , text here
      妹許跡馬鞍置而射駒山撃越來者紅葉散筒
      imogari to2 uma ni kura oki1te Iko1ma-yama utiko1yekureba momi1ti tiritutu
      Saddling my horse, I cross Ikoma's hill, where already the autumn leaves lie ruddy on the ground.[1]
  3. the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum
Descendants edit

Etymology 2 edit

Compound of 紅葉ち (momi1ti, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi1tu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”) +‎ 葉 (pa, “leaf”).

The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun edit

紅葉 (momi1tiba) (kana もみちば)

  1. turned autumn leaves
  2. the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit

References edit

  1. ^ Frederick Victor Dickins (1908) The Makura-kotoba of Primitive Japanese Verse (Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan)‎[1], Yushodo Booksellers, page 34
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