鈍
|
Translingual
editHan character
edit鈍 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金心山 (CPU), four-corner 85117, composition ⿰釒屯)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40219
- Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4175, character 3
- Unihan data for U+920D
Chinese
edittrad. | 鈍 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 钝 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 鈍 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *duːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-t(u/i)l (“dull; blunt”). Compare Tibetan རྟུལ (rtul, “dull; blunt”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): den4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): deon6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thun
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tūn / tǔn / tun / tùn
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6den / 2den
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dùn
- Wade–Giles: tun4
- Yale: dwùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn
- Palladius: дунь (dunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu̯ən⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: den4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: den
- Sinological IPA (key): /tən²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: deon6
- Yale: deuhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: doen6
- Guangdong Romanization: dên6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɵn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thun
- Hakka Romanization System: tun
- Hagfa Pinyim: tun4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰun⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǔn
- Tâi-lô: tǔn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tun²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tun
- Tâi-lô: tun
- Phofsit Daibuun: dwn
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tùn
- Tâi-lô: tùn
- Phofsit Daibuun: duxn
- IPA (Taipei): /tun¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun²¹/
- Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
- tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
- tūn - “stupid”.
- Quanzhou:
- tūn - literary;
- tǔn - vernacular.
- Taiwan:
- tun/tūn - “not sharp”;
- tùn/tūn - “stupid”.
- Middle Chinese: dwonH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*duːns/
Definitions
edit鈍
- dull; blunt; not sharp
- Antonym: 尖 (jiān)
- dull-witted; dim-witted; slow-witted; stupid
- a surname
- (Northern Wu) to satirise; to mock; to disparage
- 該閒話是來的屯渠啦,渠還聽勿出 [Ningbonese, trad.]
- From: 1996, Tang Zhenzhu, Wu Xinmin and Wu Xinxian, 寧波方言詞典, page 254
- 7kiq 2ghae-wo6 6zy 6le-tiq7 6den-ji6 0la 6ji 2gha 1thin-vaq8-tshyuq7 [Wugniu]
- All this stuff that's said is supposed to be mocking him, and he doesn't even realise it!
该闲话是来的屯渠啦,渠还听勿出 [Ningbonese, simp.]
- 本事倒沒有學會,啊?鈍師父的本事倒不錯嘛。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
- From: 1958, 三毛學生意 "Sanmao's Apprenticeship", said by 范哈哈 (Fan Haha) as character 王先生 (Mr Wang)
- 5pen-zy6 5tau 8meq-yeu2 8yaq-wei6 0a 6den 1sy-vu6-tiq7 5pen-zy6 5tau 7peq-tsho5-meq8 [Wugniu]
- Let's see, you haven't learned one honest skill yet, but I see you've become very masterful at making fun of your Sifu now, haven't you?
本事倒没有学会,啊?钝师父的本事倒不错嘛。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
Compounds
edit- 刓鈍/刓钝
- 利鈍/利钝
- 厭鈍/厌钝
- 厲世摩鈍/厉世摩钝
- 厲世磨鈍/厉世磨钝
- 口呆目鈍/口呆目钝
- 口舌呆鈍/口舌呆钝
- 口鈍/口钝
- 呐鈍
- 吶鈍/呐钝
- 呆鈍/呆钝
- 嘴鈍/嘴钝
- 嬾鈍/懒钝
- 孱鈍/孱钝
- 屈鈍/屈钝
- 屯鈍/屯钝
- 平鈍/平钝
- 庸鈍/庸钝
- 怯鈍/怯钝
- 愚鈍/愚钝 (yúdùn)
- 懦鈍/懦钝
- 戇鈍/戆钝
- 成敗利鈍/成败利钝 (chéngbàilìdùn)
- 拙口鈍腮/拙口钝腮
- 拙口鈍辭/拙口钝辞
- 拙手鈍腳/拙手钝脚
- 拙鈍/拙钝
- 搦朽磨鈍/搦朽磨钝
- 昏鈍/昏钝
- 暗鈍/暗钝
- 朽戈鈍甲/朽戈钝甲
- 朽鈍/朽钝
- 朴鈍
- 柔鈍/柔钝
- 根鈍/根钝
- 棗膏昏鈍/枣膏昏钝
- 椎鈍/椎钝
- 椎魯樸鈍/椎鲁朴钝
- 樸鈍/朴钝
- 淺鈍/浅钝
- 滯鈍/滞钝
- 疏慵愚鈍/疏慵愚钝
- 疲鈍/疲钝
- 痴鈍/痴钝
- 癡眉鈍眼/痴眉钝眼
- 癡鈍/痴钝
- 眼鈍/眼钝
- 砥鈍/砥钝
- 磨鈍/磨钝
- 礪世摩鈍/砺世摩钝
- 礪世磨鈍/砺世磨钝
- 笨鈍/笨钝
- 策頑磨鈍/策顽磨钝
- 策駑礪鈍/策驽砺钝
- 羸鈍/羸钝
- 老鈍/老钝
- 肥鈍/肥钝
- 蒙鈍/蒙钝
- 衰鈍/衰钝
- 訥鈍/讷钝
- 謹鈍/谨钝
- 財門鈍驢/财门钝驴
- 蹇鈍/蹇钝
- 辭鈍/辞钝
- 迂鈍/迂钝
- 遲眉鈍眼/迟眉钝眼
- 遲鈍/迟钝 (chídùn)
- 鄙鈍/鄙钝
- 鈍丞/钝丞
- 鈍公子/钝公子
- 鈍兵/钝兵
- 鈍冥/钝冥
- 鈍刀慢剮/钝刀慢剐
- 鈍劣/钝劣
- 鈍勁眉眼/钝劲眉眼
- 鈍卵/钝卵
- 鈍口拙腮/钝口拙腮
- 鈍器/钝器 (dùnqì)
- 鈍夫/钝夫
- 鈍學/钝学
- 鈍屯/钝屯
- 鈍廢/钝废
- 鈍弊/钝弊
- 鈍悶/钝闷
- 鈍才/钝才
- 鈍折/钝折
- 鈍拙/钝拙
- 鈍擬/钝拟
- 鈍敝/钝敝
- 鈍根/钝根
- 鈍根苗/钝根苗
- 鈍椎/钝椎
- 鈍槌/钝槌
- 鈍樸/钝朴
- 鈍漢/钝汉
- 鈍滯/钝滞
- 鈍濁/钝浊
- 鈍獘/钝毙
- 鈍直/钝直
- 鈍眊/钝眊
- 鈍磔/钝磔
- 鈍置/钝置
- 鈍聞/钝闻
- 鈍致/钝致
- 鈍蒙/钝蒙
- 鈍衰/钝衰
- 鈍角/钝角 (dùnjiǎo)
- 鈍語/钝语
- 鈍賊/钝贼
- 鈍遲/钝迟
- 鈍重/钝重
- 鈍金/钝金
- 鈋鈍/𨱂钝
- 鈍鉤/钝钩
- 鈍鎚/钝锤
- 鈍閔/钝闵
- 鈍響/钝响
- 鈍頑/钝顽
- 鈍頭/钝头
- 鈍顏/钝颜
- 鈍騃/钝𫘤
- 鈍魯/钝鲁
- 鉛鈍/铅钝
- 銖鈍/铢钝
- 銷鈍/销钝
- 闇鈍/暗钝
- 靜鈍/静钝
- 頑鈍/顽钝 (wándùn)
- 駑鈍/驽钝
- 騃童鈍夫/𫘤童钝夫
- 騃鈍/𫘤钝
- 魯鈍/鲁钝
- 鹵鈍/卤钝
- 齒落舌鈍/齿落舌钝
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
edit- Go-on: どん (don, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: とん (ton)
- Kun: にぶい (nibui, 鈍い, Jōyō); にぶる (niburu, 鈍る, Jōyō); のろい (noroi, 鈍い); なまる (namaru, 鈍る); なまくら (namakura, 鈍)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
鈍 |
にび Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 鈍ぶ (nibu, “to become dark gray”).[1] In modern Japanese, reanalyzed as a shortening of compound term 鈍色 (nibiiro, “dark gray”).[1][2]
First cited to the late 900s.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- short for 鈍色 (nibiiro): dark gray
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
鈍 |
なまくら Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
鈍ら |
The first portion nama is from 生 (nama). This usually has a sense of raw but also has overtones of unprocessed, unready and thus some semantic overlap with, and is cognate with, 鈍る (namaru, “to become dull, especially due to lack of proper tempering”).
The second portion kura is of uncertain derivation.
The term is first cited to 1711.[1]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit鈍 • (namakura) -na (adnominal 鈍な (namakura na), adverbial 鈍に (namakura ni))
Noun
editDerived terms
edit- 鈍刀 (namakura-gatana, “a dull sword”)
- 鈍武士 (namakura bushi, “a warrior with a dull sword; a warrior with no ambition”)
- 鈍物 (namakuramono, “a dull blade”)
- 鈍者 (namakuramono, “a lazy person”)
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
鈍 |
Grade: S |
Shift in usage, repurposing the stem of 形容詞 (keiyōshi, “-i adjective”) 鈍い (noroi, “slow of thought or action”) as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”).[3][4]
First cited to a work from 1891.[4]
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit鈍 • (noro) -na (adnominal 鈍な (noro na), adverbial 鈍に (noro ni))
- [1891] mentally slow, dull-witted, stupid
- [1891] physically slow, slow of action
Inflection
editStem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 鈍だろ | のろだろ | noro daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 鈍で | のろで | noro de |
Terminal (終止形) | 鈍だ | のろだ | noro da |
Attributive (連体形) | 鈍な | のろな | noro na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 鈍なら | のろなら | noro nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 鈍であれ | のろであれ | noro de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 鈍ではない 鈍じゃない |
のろではない のろじゃない |
noro de wa nai noro ja nai |
Informal past | 鈍だった | のろだった | noro datta |
Informal negative past | 鈍ではなかった 鈍じゃなかった |
のろではなかった のろじゃなかった |
noro de wa nakatta noro ja nakatta |
Formal | 鈍です | のろです | noro desu |
Formal negative | 鈍ではありません 鈍じゃありません |
のろではありません のろじゃありません |
noro de wa arimasen noro ja arimasen |
Formal past | 鈍でした | のろでした | noro deshita |
Formal negative past | 鈍ではありませんでした 鈍じゃありませんでした |
のろではありませんでした のろじゃありませんでした |
noro de wa arimasen deshita noro ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 鈍で | のろで | noro de |
Conditional | 鈍なら(ば) | のろなら(ば) | noro nara (ba) |
Provisional | 鈍だったら | のろだったら | noro dattara |
Volitional | 鈍だろう | のろだろう | noro darō |
Adverbial | 鈍に | のろに | noro ni |
Degree | 鈍さ | のろさ | norosa |
Noun
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “鈍”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 “鈍”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
Korean
editHanja
editVietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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