Wiktionary

mā

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"

Ashkun

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Etymology

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From Common Nuristani *māi, probably an early borrowing of Middle Chinese 米 (mejX). Compare Tregami myä, Waigali mä, Kamkata-viri mo.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mā (Sanu)[1]

  1. husked rice

References

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  1. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “m′âː”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[1]

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of mā – see 嘛 (“also”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 嘛).

Japanese

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Romanization

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mā

  1. Rōmaji transcription of まあ

Mandarin

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Alternative forms

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Romanization

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mā (ma1, Zhuyin ㄇㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 媽 / 妈
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嬤 / 嬷
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 孑
  4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 抵
  5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 摨
  6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 擳 / 𰓜
  7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 虿
  8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蚂
  9. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 麵 / 面
  10. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 抹

Maori

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Etymology 1

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Contraction of marama.[1]

Noun

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mā

  1. (colour/color) white

See also

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Colors in Maori · ngā tae (layout · text)
     tea, mā      kiwikiwi      pango
             mea, kura, whero              karaka; parauri              kōwhai, renga
                          kāriki, kākāriki              kārikiuri
                          kikorangi              kahurangi
             tūāuri              waiporoporo              māwhero

Etymology 2

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Particle

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mā

  1. for (representing future possession)
    Mā Mū tēnei pukapuka. ― This book is for Mū.
  2. by, made by, acted on (combined with e to indicate future tense for who will perform an action)
    Mā tōku matua koe e whakahoki. ― My father will take you back.
  3. (used with hei to show a relationship)
    Hei irāmutu a Aroha mā Hēni. ― Aroha is Jane's niece.
  4. by way of; via; through
    Ka haere rātou mā Taupō. ― They'll go via Taupō.
  5. by means of; on (followed by runga)
    Haere ai tō mātau pāpā ki tana mahi mā runga hōiho. ― Our father went to his work by horseback.
  6. (used in names to represent the points of a compass)
    marangai mā tonga ― southeasterly wind

References

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  1. ^ Stack, James W. (1879) “Notes on the Colour Sense of the Maori”, in Transactions and the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand‎[2], volume 12, number 2, Royal Society of New Zealand, pages 153–158
  • “mā” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Marshallese

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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mā

  1. breadfruit.

References

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Namuyi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-maq.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [mã˧˩]
  • Hyphenation: mā

Noun

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mā

  1. army

References

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  • Štěpán Pavlík (2017) The Description of Namuzi Language‎[4], Prague: Charles University (PhD Thesis), page 39

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Sanskrit मा (mā, “do not”).

Particle

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mā

  1. (prohibitive) do not

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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mā f

  1. mother
  2. moon

Samoan

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Pronoun

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mā

  1. First person dual exclusive
    we (he/she and I, but not you)

See also

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Samoan personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person aʻu, ʻou māʻua, mā (exclusive)
tāʻua, tā (inclusive) 		mātou (exclusive)
tātou (inclusive)
2nd person ʻoe, ʻe ʻoulua ʻoutou, tou
3rd person ia, na lāʻua lātou

Tocharian B

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁ (prohibitive particle). Cognate with Sanskrit मा (mā), Avestan 𐬨𐬁 (mā), Ancient Greek μή (mḗ), Albanian mo, Old Armenian մի (mi), Old Persian 𐎶𐎠 (m-a /⁠mā⁠/), Persian مـ (ma-).

Particle

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mā

  1. no, not
  2. (before an adjective) un-, in-

Tokelauan

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈmaː]
  • Hyphenation: mā

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Polynesian *maqa.

Noun

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mā

  1. (to a male) brother-in-law (one's sister's husband)
  2. (to a male) cousin-in-law (one's cousin's husband)

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Tuvaluan maa and Samoan mā.

Noun

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mā

  1. shame
  2. embarrassment

Verb

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mā (plural mamā)

  1. (stative) to be ashamed
  2. (stative) to be embarrassed

Etymology 3

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From Proto-Polynesian *maqa. Cognates include Maori mā and Samoan mā.

Preposition

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mā

  1. Marks the intent of an alianably possessed object; for, about
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Etymology 4

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From Proto-Polynesian *ma. Cognates include Tuvaluan maa and Samoan mā.

Pronoun

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mā

  1. we two (exclusive)
See also
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Tokelauan personal pronouns
independent singular dual plural
long short
1st person (exclusive) au, kita1 ki māua ki mā ki mātou
1st person (inclusive) ― ki tāua ki tā ki tātou
2nd person koe koulua koutou
3rd person ia ki lāua ki lā ki lātou
agentive clitic singular dual plural
1st person (exclusive) kō ki mā ki mātou
1st person (inclusive) ― ki tā ki tātou
2nd person kē koulua koutou
3rd person ia ki lā ki lātou

1) Sympathetic
Pronouns preceded by ki may drop this preposition when in a possessive phrase.

Tokelauan possessive pronouns
inalienable (O-type) singular dual plural
long short
1st person (exclusive) o oku, o kita1 o māua o mā o mātou
1st person (inclusive) ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person o ōu, o koe o koulua o koutou
3rd person o ona o lāua o lā o lātou
alienable (A-type) singular dual plural
long short
1st person (exclusive) a aku, a kita1 a māua a mā a mātou
1st person (inclusive) ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person a āu, a koe a koulua a koutou
3rd person a ana a lāua a lā a lātou

1) Sympathetic
Only the singular pronouns differ from the personal pronouns.

Tokelauan possessive determiners
Definite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. toku, tota1 to māua to mā to mātou oku, ota1 o māua o mā o mātou
incl. ― to tāua to tā to tātou ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person tō toulua toutou ō oulua outou
3rd person tona to lāua to lā to lātou ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Definite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. taku, tata1 ta māua ta mā ta mātou aku, ata1 a māua a mā a mātou
incl. ― ta tāua ta tā ta tātou ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person tau taulua tautou au aulua autou
3rd person tana ta lāua ta lā ta lātou ana a lāua a lā a lātou
Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. hoku, hota1 ho māua ho mā ho mātou ni oku,
ni ota1 		ni o māua ni o mā ni o mātou
incl. ― ho tāua ho tā ho tātou ― ni o tāua ni o tā ni o tātou
2nd person hō houlua houtou ni ō ni oulua ni outou
3rd person hona ho lāua ho lā ho lātou ni ona ni o lāua ni o lā ni o lātou
Indefinite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. haku, hata1 ha māua ha mā ha mātou ni aku,
ni ata1 		ni a māua ni a mā ni a mātou
incl. ― ha tāua ha tā ha tātou ― ni a tāua ni a tā ni a tātou
2nd person hau haulua hautou ni au ni aulua ni autou
3rd person hana ha lāua ha lā ha lātou ni ana ni a lāua ni a lā ni a lātou

1) Sympathetic

Etymology 5

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Verb

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mā

  1. (transitive) to presume, assume, think

Etymology 6

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Borrowed from Samoan ma'a.

Noun

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mā

  1. object made of stone

References

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  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[5], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 198

Tongan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul [of food]” – compare with Maori mara “food preserved by steeping in water”, Samoan mala “soft [of food]” and Fijian mara “stench of a corpse”).[1][2] For sense of bread, compare with Fijian madrai for similar semantic evolution.

Noun

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mā

  1. preserve of fermented breadfruit, bananas or plantain stored in pits prior[3]
    1. grain-based bread introduced by Westerners

References

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  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “mara”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551-559
  2. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 158-9
  3. ^ Pollock, Nancy (1984) “Breadfruit Fermentation Practices in Oceania”, in Journal de la Société des Océanistes‎[3], volume 40, number 79, →DOI, pages 157, 164
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