tona
English edit
Noun edit
tona (plural tonas)
- Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).
Anagrams edit
Basque edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.
Noun edit
tona inan
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tona | tona | tonak |
ergative | tonak | tonak | tonek |
dative | tonari | tonari | tonei |
genitive | tonaren | tonaren | tonen |
comitative | tonarekin | tonarekin | tonekin |
causative | tonarengatik | tonarengatik | tonengatik |
benefactive | tonarentzat | tonarentzat | tonentzat |
instrumental | tonaz | tonaz | tonez |
inessive | tonatan | tonan | tonetan |
locative | tonatako | tonako | tonetako |
allative | tonatara | tonara | tonetara |
terminative | tonataraino | tonaraino | tonetaraino |
directive | tonatarantz | tonarantz | tonetarantz |
destinative | tonatarako | tonarako | tonetarako |
ablative | tonatatik | tonatik | tonetatik |
partitive | tonarik | — | — |
prolative | tonatzat | — | — |
Derived terms edit
- tonaka (“in great quantities”)
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
tona inan
Declension edit
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tona | tona | tonak |
ergative | tonak | tonak | tonek |
dative | tonari | tonari | tonei |
genitive | tonaren | tonaren | tonen |
comitative | tonarekin | tonarekin | tonekin |
causative | tonarengatik | tonarengatik | tonengatik |
benefactive | tonarentzat | tonarentzat | tonentzat |
instrumental | tonaz | tonaz | tonez |
inessive | tonatan | tonan | tonetan |
locative | tonatako | tonako | tonetako |
allative | tonatara | tonara | tonetara |
terminative | tonataraino | tonaraino | tonetaraino |
directive | tonatarantz | tonarantz | tonetarantz |
destinative | tonatarako | tonarako | tonetarako |
ablative | tonatatik | tonatik | tonetatik |
partitive | tonarik | — | — |
prolative | tonatzat | — | — |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tona f (plural tones)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “tona” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “tona”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “tona” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “tona” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Central Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Verb edit
tona
- (intransitive) to be sunny
Classical Nahuatl edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
tona
- (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
- (intransitive) To be warm.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
- Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
- Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
- Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz[5], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261
Finnish edit
Pronoun edit
tona
- (colloquial) essive singular of toi
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Etymology edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tona f (plural tonas)
- film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
- 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:
- tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.
- "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid
- rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
- 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:
- non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazo
- he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin
- bark
- surface or upper layer of the soil
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “tona” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “tona” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “tona” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “tona” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “tona” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
- ^ Grzega, Joachim (2001) Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen[1], Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, →ISBN, retrieved 26 August 2015, page 242. – via De Gruyter.
Herero edit
Verb edit
tona
- to hit
Ibatan edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.
Noun edit
tona
- A kind of freshwater eel.
Further reading edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tona (first-person possessive tonaku, second-person possessive tonamu, third-person possessive tonanya)
- (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.
Alternative forms edit
Further reading edit
- “tona” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Italian edit
Verb edit
tona
- inflection of tonare:
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Verb edit
tonā
References edit
- tona in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Lithuanian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
tona f
Malagasy edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.
Noun edit
tona
- A species of very large nocturnal serpent.
- Synonym: dona
- (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.
References edit
- tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org
Occitan edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Noun edit
tona f (plural tonas)
Old Galician-Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).
Noun edit
tona f (plural tonas)
- film, rind, bark, peel
- c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:
- chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tona
- they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming
- c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:
- Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço
- To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling
Descendants edit
References edit
Phuthi edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun edit
toná
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun edit
toná
Polish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French tonne.[1][2] First attested in the 19th century.[3]
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tona f (related adjective tonowy)
- (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
- (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)
Declension edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References edit
- ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “tona”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language][2] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “tona”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- ^ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, in Słownik języka polskiego[3] (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 79
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tona”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][4] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 604
Further reading edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)
Declension edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tona f
Declension edit
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading edit
- “tona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun edit
tona f
Swazi edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun edit
toná
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun edit
toná
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Verb edit
tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)
- (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)
- En pizza tonade fram ur dimman
- A pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog
- to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)
- tona håret
- tone one's hair
- to sound (in tones)
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | tona | tonas | ||
Supine | tonat | tonats | ||
Imperative | tona | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | tonen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | tonar | tonade | tonas | tonades |
Ind. plural1 | tona | tonade | tonas | tonades |
Subjunctive2 | tone | tonade | tones | tonades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | tonande | |||
Past participle | tonad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Related terms edit
References edit
- tona in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- tona in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- tona in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams edit
Tokelauan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.
Determiner edit
tona
See also edit
Definite inalienable (O-type) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | toku, tota1 |
to māua | to mā | to mātou | oku, ota1 |
o māua | o mā | o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | to tāua | to tā | to tātou | ― | o tāua | o tā | o tātou |
2nd person | tō | toulua | toutou | ō | oulua | outou | ||
3rd person | tona | to lāua | to lā | to lātou | ona | o lāua | o lā | o lātou |
Definite alienable (A-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | taku, tata1 |
ta māua | ta mā | ta mātou | aku, ata1 |
a māua | a mā | a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ta tāua | ta tā | ta tātou | ― | a tāua | a tā | a tātou |
2nd person | tau | taulua | tautou | au | aulua | autou | ||
3rd person | tana | ta lāua | ta lā | ta lātou | ana | a lāua | a lā | a lātou |
Indefinite inalienable (O-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | hoku, hota1 |
ho māua | ho mā | ho mātou | ni oku, ni ota1 |
ni o māua | ni o mā | ni o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ho tāua | ho tā | ho tātou | ― | ni o tāua | ni o tā | ni o tātou |
2nd person | hō | houlua | houtou | ni ō | ni oulua | ni outou | ||
3rd person | hona | ho lāua | ho lā | ho lātou | ni ona | ni o lāua | ni o lā | ni o lātou |
Indefinite alienable (A-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | haku, hata1 |
ha māua | ha mā | ha mātou | ni aku, ni ata1 |
ni a māua | ni a mā | ni a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ha tāua | ha tā | ha tātou | ― | ni a tāua | ni a tā | ni a tātou |
2nd person | hau | haulua | hautou | ni au | ni aulua | ni autou | ||
3rd person | hana | ha lāua | ha lā | ha lātou | ni ana | ni a lāua | ni a lā | ni a lātou |
1) Sympathetic |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.
Noun edit
tona
References edit
- R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary[6], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397
Tuvaluan edit
Noun edit
tona
Yami edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.
Noun edit
tona