Wiktionary

tona

See also: tôňa, tóna, tonâ, Tóna, and toną

English

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Noun

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tona (plural tonas)

  1. Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).

Anagrams

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.

Noun

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tona inan

  1. ton
Declension
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Declension of tona (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive tona tona tonak
ergative tonak tonak tonek
dative tonari tonari tonei
genitive tonaren tonaren tonen
comitative tonarekin tonarekin tonekin
causative tonarengatik tonarengatik tonengatik
benefactive tonarentzat tonarentzat tonentzat
instrumental tonaz tonaz tonez
inessive tonatan tonan tonetan
locative tonatako tonako tonetako
allative tonatara tonara tonetara
terminative tonataraino tonaraino tonetaraino
directive tonatarantz tonarantz tonetarantz
destinative tonatarako tonarako tonetarako
ablative tonatatik tonatik tonetatik
partitive tonarik — —
prolative tonatzat — —
Derived terms
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  • tonaka (“in great quantities”)

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tona inan

  1. (chiefly Soule) stain, spot
    Synonym: orban
Declension
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Declension of tona (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive tona tona tonak
ergative tonak tonak tonek
dative tonari tonari tonei
genitive tonaren tonaren tonen
comitative tonarekin tonarekin tonekin
causative tonarengatik tonarengatik tonengatik
benefactive tonarentzat tonarentzat tonentzat
instrumental tonaz tonaz tonez
inessive tonatan tonan tonetan
locative tonatako tonako tonetako
allative tonatara tonara tonetara
terminative tonataraino tonaraino tonetaraino
directive tonatarantz tonarantz tonetarantz
destinative tonatarako tonarako tonetarako
ablative tonatatik tonatik tonetatik
partitive tonarik — —
prolative tonatzat — —
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • “tona”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
  • “tona”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tona f (plural tones)

  1. tun (cask with a capacity of more than 500 liters)
  2. ton, tonne

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

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Verb

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tona

  1. (intransitive) to be sunny

Classical Nahuatl

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Alternative forms

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  • to̱na (Mecayapan and Tatahuicapan)
  • tuna (Tetelcingo)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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tona

  1. (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
  2. (intransitive) To be warm.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
  • Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
  • Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
  • Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz‎[3], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261

Finnish

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Pronoun

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tona

  1. (colloquial) essive singular of toi

Anagrams

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Galician

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tona f (plural tonas)

  1. film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
    • 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:
      tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.
      "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid
  2. rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
    • 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:
      non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazo
      he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin
  3. bark
  4. surface or upper layer of the soil

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Grzega, Joachim (2001) Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen‎[1], Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, →ISBN, retrieved 26 August 2015, page 242. – via De Gruyter.

Herero

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Verb

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tona

  1. to hit

Ibatan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

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tona

  1. A kind of freshwater eel.

Further reading

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Indonesian

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Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Etymology

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From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈtona]
  • Hyphenation: to‧na

Noun

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tona (plural tona-tona)

  1. (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese

Alternative forms

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Further reading

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Italian

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Verb

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tona

  1. inflection of tonare:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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Latin

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Verb

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tonā

  1. second-person singular present active imperative of tonō

References

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Lithuanian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tona f

  1. ton

Malagasy

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

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tona

  1. A species of very large nocturnal serpent.
    Synonym: dona
  2. (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.

References

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  • tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org

Maori

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).[1][2][3]

Noun

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tona

  1. wart, corn, nodule

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kona”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 165
  2. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551-559
  3. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

Further reading

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  • “tona” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Occitan

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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tona f (plural tonas)

  1. ton

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).

Noun

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tona f (plural tonas)

  1. film, rind, bark, peel
    • c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:
      chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tona
      they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming
    • c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:
      Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço
      To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling

Descendants

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  • Galician: tona
  • Portuguese: tona

References

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Phuthi

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

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toná

  1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

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toná

  1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French tonne.[1][2] First attested in the 19th century.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tona f (related adjective tonowy)

  1. (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
  2. (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)

Declension

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Declension of tona
singular plural
nominative tona tony
genitive tony ton
dative tonie tonom
accusative tonę tony
instrumental toną tonami
locative tonie tonach
vocative tono tony

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

References

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  1. ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “tona”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
  2. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “tona”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
  3. ^ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 79
  4. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tona”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 604

Further reading

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  • tona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • tona in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tôna/
  • Hyphenation: to‧na

Noun

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tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)

  1. tonne
  2. ton (2240 pounds)

Declension

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Declension of tona
singular plural
nominative tȍna tone
genitive tone tȏnā
dative toni tonama
accusative tonu tone
vocative tono tone
locative toni tonama
instrumental tonom tonama

Slovak

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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tona f (relational adjective tonový)

  1. ton

Declension

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Declension of tona
(pattern žena)
singularplural
nominativetonatony
genitivetonyton
dativetonetonám
accusativetonutony
locativetonetonách
instrumentaltonoutonami

Further reading

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  • “tona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovene

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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tona f

  1. ton

Swahili

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

Pronunciation

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Verb

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-tona (infinitive kutona)

  1. to drip, leak

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -tona
Positive present -natona
Subjunctive -tone
Negative -toni
Imperative singular tona
Infinitives
Positive kutona
Negative kutotona
Imperatives
Singular tona
Plural toneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutona
Positive past positive subject concord + -litona
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutona
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natona)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatona/natona tunatona
2nd person unatona mnatona
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatona wanatona
other classes positive subject concord + -natona
Negative present (negative subject concord + -toni)
Singular Plural
1st person sitoni hatutoni
2nd person hutoni hamtoni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatoni hawatoni
other classes negative subject concord + -toni
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatona
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatona
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tone)
Singular Plural
1st person nitone tutone
2nd person utone mtone
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atone watone
other classes positive subject concord + -tone
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitone
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetona
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetona
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitona
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitona
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atona)
Singular Plural
1st person natona twatona
2nd person watona mwatona
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atona watona
m-mi(III/IV) watona yatona
ji-ma(V/VI) latona yatona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatona vyatona
n(IX/X) yatona zatona
u(XI) watona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatona
pa(XVI) patona
mu(XVIII) mwatona
Perfect positive subject concord + -metona
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatona
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatona
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitona
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotona
Consecutive katona / positive subject concord + -katona
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katone
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitona -tutona
2nd person -kutona -watona/-kutoneni/-watoneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtona -watona
m-mi(III/IV) -utona -itona
ji-ma(V/VI) -litona -yatona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitona -vitona
n(IX/X) -itona -zitona
u(XI) -utona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutona
pa(XVI) -patona
mu(XVIII) -mutona
Reflexive -jitona
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tona- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tonaye -tonao
m-mi(III/IV) -tonao -tonayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tonalo -tonayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tonacho -tonavyo
n(IX/X) -tonayo -tonazo
u(XI) -tonao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tonako
pa(XVI) -tonapo
mu(XVIII) -tonamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tona)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetona -otona
m-mi(III/IV) -otona -yotona
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotona -yotona
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotona -vyotona
n(IX/X) -yotona -zotona
u(XI) -otona see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotona
pa(XVI) -potona
mu(XVIII) -motona
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Swazi

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

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toná

  1. they, them; class 8 absolute pronoun.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Nguni [Term?].

Pronoun

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toná

  1. they, them; class 10 absolute pronoun.

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)

  1. (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)
    En pizza tonade fram ur dimman
    A pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog
  2. to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)
    tona håret
    tone one's hair
  3. to sound (in tones)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of tona (weak)
active passive
infinitive tona tonas
supine tonat tonats
imperative tona —
imper. plural1 tonen —
present past present past
indicative tonar tonade tonas tonades
ind. plural1 tona tonade tonas tonades
subjunctive2 tone tonade tones tonades
present participle tonande
past participle tonad

1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

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References

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Anagrams

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Tahitian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Maori tona (“wart, nodule”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).[1][2]

Noun

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tona

  1. wart, chancre

References

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  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551-559
  2. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

Further reading

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Tokelauan

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈto.na]
  • Hyphenation: to‧na

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.

Determiner

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tona

  1. (inalienable, definite) his, her
See also
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Tokelauan possessive determiners
Definite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. toku, tota1 to māua to mā to mātou oku, ota1 o māua o mā o mātou
incl. ― to tāua to tā to tātou ― o tāua o tā o tātou
2nd person tō toulua toutou ō oulua outou
3rd person tona to lāua to lā to lātou ona o lāua o lā o lātou
Definite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. taku, tata1 ta māua ta mā ta mātou aku, ata1 a māua a mā a mātou
incl. ― ta tāua ta tā ta tātou ― a tāua a tā a tātou
2nd person tau taulua tautou au aulua autou
3rd person tana ta lāua ta lā ta lātou ana a lāua a lā a lātou
Indefinite inalienable (O-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. hoku, hota1 ho māua ho mā ho mātou ni oku,
ni ota1 		ni o māua ni o mā ni o mātou
incl. ― ho tāua ho tā ho tātou ― ni o tāua ni o tā ni o tātou
2nd person hō houlua houtou ni ō ni oulua ni outou
3rd person hona ho lāua ho lā ho lātou ni ona ni o lāua ni o lā ni o lātou
Indefinite alienable (A-type)
singular reference plural reference
sg du pl sg du pl
long short long short
1st person excl. haku, hata1 ha māua ha mā ha mātou ni aku,
ni ata1 		ni a māua ni a mā ni a mātou
incl. ― ha tāua ha tā ha tātou ― ni a tāua ni a tā ni a tātou
2nd person hau haulua hautou ni au ni aulua ni autou
3rd person hana ha lāua ha lā ha lātou ni ana ni a lāua ni a lā ni a lātou

1) Sympathetic

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.

Noun

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tona

  1. (vulgar) anus

References

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  • R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397

Tongan

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Maori tona (“wart, nodule”)).[1][2]

Noun

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tona

  1. yaws

References

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  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 50, number 2, pages 551-559
  2. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350

Tuvaluan

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Noun

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tona

  1. (anatomy) leg

Yami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Noun

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tona

  1. eel

Further reading

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