執鞭

Chinese

		execute (a plan); grasp	a whip or lash; to flog; slash or whip
trad. (執鞭)		執	鞭
simp. (执鞭)		执	鞭
Literally: “to hold a whip”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhíbiān

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄅㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zap¹ bin¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhíbiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄅㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhbian
    • Wade–Giles: chih²-pien¹
    • Yale: jŕ-byān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrbian
    • Palladius: чжибянь (čžibjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ pi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zap¹ bin¹
    • Yale: jāp bīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzap⁷ bin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeb¹ bin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐp̚⁵ piːn⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyip pjien

Rime
Character	執	鞭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	侵 (141)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之入切	卑連切
Baxter	tsyip	pjien
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪp̚/	/piᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕip̚/	/piɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjep̚/	/pjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cip̚/	/pian/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəp̚/	/piɛn/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕp̚/	/pĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əp̚/	/pi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	biān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zap1	bin1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ip  pe[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjib  pen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	執	鞭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí	biān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyip ›	‹ pjien ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ip/	/*pe[n]/
English	seize	whip (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	執	鞭
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17290	770
Phonetic component	執	便
Rime group	緝	元
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	執	鞭
Old Chinese	/*tjib/	/*pen/
Notes	甲金文象梏人雙手， 幸象梏非聲	便轉註字

Verb

執鞭

1. (literary) to drive a coach

   • 子曰：「富而可求也，雖執鞭之士，吾亦為之。如不可求，從吾所好。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「富而可求也，虽执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求，从吾所好。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐyuē: “Fù ér kě qiú yě, suī zhíbiān zhī shì, wú yì wéizhī. Rú bùkě qiú, cóng wú suǒhào.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "If the search for riches is sure to be successful, though I should become a groom with whip in hand to get them, I will do so. As the search may not be successful, I will follow after that which I love."

   • 假令晏子而在，余雖爲之執鞭，所忻慕焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     假令晏子而在，余虽为之执鞭，所忻慕焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Jiǎlìng Yànzǐ ér zài, yú suī wèizhī zhíbiān, suǒ xīnmù yān. [Pinyin]

     Were Yan Ying alive, even if I were to be a coachman for him, there shall be where my joy and admiration lie.