User:Bezimenen/Examples of vowel gradation
Qualitative
editC•R roots
editRoot | Paradigm | e-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*mer- | AP C | *merti | *mьrǫ / *mьřǫ | *morъ, *mora |
*nerH- | AP C | *nerti | *nьrǫ | *norъ, *nora |
*perH- | AP C | *perti | *pьrǫ | *porъ |
*terh₁- | AP B? | *terti | *tьrǫ | *torъ |
*sterh₃- | AP C | *sterti | *stьrǫ | *storъ, *storna |
*gʷerh₃- | AP C | *žerti | *žьrǫ | – |
*werH- | AP C | *verti | *vьrǫ | *vorъ |
*ǵʰerH-? | AP C | *zerti > *zьrěti (ě/i) | *zьrǫ | *zorъ, *zorkъ |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*bʰer- | AP C | *bьrati | *berǫ | *borъ |
*derH- | AP C | *dьrati | *derǫ | *dorъ |
*(s)perH- | AP C | *pьrati | *perǫ | – |
*(s)ḱer- | AP B? | *sьrati | *serǫ | *sorъ |
Root | Paradigm | primary | secondary | 0-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*bʰerH- | AP B | *borti : *bořǫ | *boriti | *bъrtь, *brinъ |
*perH- | AP B | *porti : *pořǫ | *poriti | *pъrtъ |
*h₂erh₃- | AP C | *orti : *ořǫ | *orati, *(orz)oriti | ? |
Root | Paradigm | e-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*welH- | AP C | *velti (Baltic) / *vьlati (ChSl) | *vьľǫ | *valъ (ō-grade) |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*stel- | AP B | *stьlati | *steľǫ | *postolъ? < *pod- + *stolъ |
Root | Paradigm | e-grade | o-grade | 0-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*melh₂- | AP B | *melti : *meľǫ | *molъ?, *moltъ | *mlinъ |
*(s)pelH- | AP А/C | *pelti : *peľǫ / *pelvǫ | *polъ (“half”)?, *poltь | - |
Root | Paradigm | primary | secondary | 0-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*kelh₂- | AP B | *kolti : *koľǫ | *kolъ, *koltъ | *kъlъ, *klinъ |
*pelH- | AP ? | *polti : *poľǫ | *polъ (“surface”), *polnъ | *pьlnъ? |
C•N roots
editRoot | Paradigm | e-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*(s)penh₁- | AP C | *pęti | *pьnǫ | *ponъ |
? | AP C | *tęti | *tьnǫ | *tonъ (Sorbian) |
*ken- | AP B | *čęti | *čьnǫ | *konъ |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*meyH- + n-infix ? | AP B | *męti | *mьnǫ | – |
*ǵeyH- + n-infix ? | AP B | *žęti | *žьnǫ / *žьňǫ | – |
*kelh₁- + n-infix ? | AP C | *klęti | *klьnǫ | – |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*gʷʰen- | AP B/C | *gъnati | *ženǫ | *gonъ |
Root | Paradigm | е/о-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*h₁em- | AP B | *ęti | *jьmǫ | – |
*gem- | AP B | *žęti | *žьmǫ | *gomata, *gomola? |
*dʰemH- | AP B | *dǫti | *dъmǫ | *sǫdoma? |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*h₁em- | AP B | *jьmati | *emǫ / *emľǫ | – |
C•I roots
editRoot | e-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|
*weh₁y- | *viti | *vьjǫ | *vojь |
*(s)leyH- | *liti | *lьjǫ | – |
*peh₃y-? | *piti | *pьjǫ | *pojь |
*bʰeyh₂- | *biti | *bьjǫ | *bojь |
*bʰreyH- | *briti | *brьjǫ | *brojь |
*gʷeyh₃- | *žiti | *živǫ / *žьjǫ | *gojь |
*kʷeyh₁- | *počiti | *počijǫ | *pokojь |
Root | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|
*(s)leh₁y-? | *lьjati | *lějǫ | *lojь |
*h₃reyH- | *rьjati | *rějǫ | *rojь |
*bʰreyH- | *brьjati | *brějǫ | *brojь |
*(s)ḱeh₁y- | *sьjati | *sějǫ | *sojь, *soja |
*smeyH- | *smьjati | *smějǫ | – |
*ǵʰeh₂y- | *zьjati | *zějǫ | *zojь? |
*ǵʰneyH- | *znьjati | *znějǫ | *znojь |
*meyH- | *mьjati (reanalyzed) | *mějǫ? | – |
Root | primary | secondary | noun |
---|---|---|---|
*pey(H)-? | *pěti : *pojǫ / *pějǫ | *pěvati | *pojьka |
C•U roots
editRoot | Paradigm | e-grade | 0-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*ǵyewh₁- | AP C | *žuti | *žьvǫ / *žÿjǫ | – |
*(H)rewH- | AP C | *ruti | *rъvǫ | *rovъ |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*bʰlewH- + *byewH- | AP C | *bľьvati | *bľujǫ | – |
*(s)pyewH- | AP A | *pľьvati | *pľujǫ | – |
*klewH- | AP C | *kľьvati | *kľujǫ | – |
*ǵyewh₁- | AP C | *žьvati | *žujǫ | *žuka |
*(H)rewH- | AP C | *rъvati | *rujǫ | *ruxa |
*ǵʰewH- | AP C | *zъvati | *zovǫ | *zovъ |
? | AP ? | *pъvati | *povǫ? | – |
Root | Paradigm | primary | secondary | 0-grade |
---|---|---|---|---|
*kewh₂-? | AP C | *kuti : *kovǫ / *kujǫ | *kovati | *kyjь |
*snewH- | AP C | *snuti : *snovǫ / *snujǫ | *snovati | – |
*ḱewH-? | AP C | *suti : *sujǫ | *sovati | – |
*h₃rewH-? | AP C | *řuti : *revǫ / *řujǫ | *revati | *rykъ |
*(s)kewh₁- | AP A | *čuti : *čujǫ | – | – |
*dʰewh₂- | AP A | *duti : *dujǫ | – | *dymъ |
*ḱlew- | AP C | *sluti : *slovǫ | *slovati | – |
*plew- | AP C | *pluti : *plovǫ | *plovati | *plъtъ |
*trewH- | AP C | *truti : *trovǫ | *trovati | – |
Root | Paradigm | 0-grade | e/o-grade |
---|---|---|---|
*bʰeh₂w-? | AP A | *byti : *byjǫ / *bydǫ | *bava |
*tewh₂- | AP C | *tyti : *tyjǫ | *tovъ? |
*neh₂w-? | AP A | *nyti : *nъjǫ ~ *nyjǫ | *navь |
*mewH- | AP A | *myti : *mъjǫ ~ *myjǫ | *movь |
*(H)rewH- | AP А | *ryti : *rъjǫ ~*ryjǫ | *rovъ |
*krewH- | AP А | *kryti : *krъjǫ ~ *kryjǫ | *krovъ |
*trewH-? | AP A | *tryti : *tryjǫ | *trěva/*trava |
*ḱleh₂w-? | AP C | *slyti : *slyvǫ | *slava |
*pleh₃w- | AP C | *plyti : *plyvǫ / *plynǫ | *plava |
*syewh₁- | AP А | *šÿti : *šьjǫ / *šÿjǫ | *šьvъ? |
Miscalleneous
editRoot | 0-grade | e-grade | o-grade |
---|---|---|---|
R•R (3) | *mьněti, *pamętь | – | *mǫdrъ |
R•T | – | *rekti, *legti, *vesti | *rokъ, *logъ, *vodъ |
R•S | *rъsnǫti | – | *rosa |
S•R | ? | ? | ? |
T•S | – | *česati | *kosa |
S•T | – | *sěsti | *sadъ |
T•T | – | *tekti, *bedro? | *tokъ, *bosti |
(s)T•T | – | *čepъ/*ščepa, *tepti/*stepь | *kopati, *toporъ? |
C•Hu (1) | ? | *lava? | *lovъ |
---|
Quantitative
editRoot | e-grade | ē-grade |
---|---|---|
R•T | *mesti, *legti, *vezti, *rekti | *mětati, *lěgati, *věža, *rěčь |
TR•T | *klepati | *klěpati |
Root | o-grade | ō-grade |
---|---|---|
R•T | *mogǫ, *moča, *ročiti | *pomagati, *makati, *račiti? |
S•T | *sokъ ~ *sočiti, *sopti | *sakati?, *sapъ |
T•T | *bodъ ~ *bosti | *badъ |
(s)T•T | *skokъ | *skačati |
Root | R̥-grade | R̄-grade |
---|---|---|
T•RS | *dъxъ, *kъxъ | *dyxati, *kyxati |
S•RT | *sъpъ | *sypati |
R•R | *umьrǫ | *umirati |
R•T | *rьci, *mьčьtъ | *ricati, *mikati |
T•R | *bьrati, *prostьrǫ | *(sъ-/orz-/na-/...)birati, *prostirati |