kosa

See also: Kosa, KOSA, kosá, kosą, koša, kòsa, kósa, kōsa, коса, and коша

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkosa]
• Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Noun

kosa f

1. scythe
2. spit (narrow peninsula)
3. (colloquial) cold temperature

   Synonyms: kláda, zima, mráz

   Antonyms: hic, vedro, horko

Declension

Declension of kosa (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	kosa	kosy
genitive	kosy	kos
dative	kose	kosám
accusative	kosu	kosy
vocative	koso	kosy
locative	kose	kosách
instrumental	kosou	kosami

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kosa m anim

1. genitive/accusative singular of kos

Further reading

• “kosa”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
• “kosa”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kosa”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Esperanto

Parolata kosa

Etymology

From koso +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkosa]
• Rhymes: -osa
• Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Adjective

kosa (accusative singular kosan, plural kosaj, accusative plural kosajn)

1. Xhosan
2. (la kosa) Clipping of la kosa lingvo (“the Xhosa language”).

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese coçar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu kosa.

Verb

kosa

1. to scratch

Ingrian

Alternative forms

• kosi

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian коса (kosa).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkosɑ/, [ˈko̞s̠ɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkosɑ/, [ˈko̞ʒ̥ɑ]
• Rhymes: -osɑ
• Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Noun

kosa

1. Only used in peräkosa

Declension

Declension of kosa (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	kosa	kosat
genitive	kosan	kossiin
partitive	kossaa	kossia
illative	kossaa	kossii
inessive	kosas	kosis
elative	kosast	kosist
allative	kosalle	kosille
adessive	kosal	kosil
ablative	kosalt	kosilt
translative	kosaks	kosiks
essive	kosanna, kossaan	kosinna, kossiin
exessive1)	kosant	kosint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 198

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese coçar.

Verb

kosa

1. to scratch

Ladino

Noun

kosa f (Latin spelling)

1. thing

Latvian

Noun

kosa f (4th declension)

1. horsetail

Lingala

Verb

-kosa (infinitive kokosa)

1. to scrape, to scratch
2. to itch
3. to rub

See also

• -kósa

Lower Sorbian

Etymology 1

Noun

kosa f inan

1. Superseded spelling of kósa.

Etymology 2

Noun

kosa

1. Superseded spelling of kósa.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• koset
• koste (simple past)
• kost (past participle)

Verb

kosa

1. inflection of kose:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• kose

Etymology

From German liebkosen, kosen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuːsa/

Verb

kosa (present tense kosar/koser, past tense kosa/koste, past participle kosa/kost, passive infinitive kosast, present participle kosande, imperative kosa/kos)

1. (takes pronoun in objective case) to enjoy

   No kosar me oss.

   We are enjoying ourselves now.

2. to snuggle

References

• “kosa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀓𑁄𑀲 (Brahmi script)
• कोस (Devanagari script)
• কোস (Bengali script)
• කොස (Sinhalese script)
• ကောသ or ၵေႃသ (Burmese script)
• โกส or โกสะ (Thai script)
• ᨠᩮᩣᩈ (Tai Tham script)
• ໂກສ or ໂກສະ (Lao script)
• កោស (Khmer script)
• 𑄇𑄮𑄥 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit कोश (kośa, “container”).

Noun

kosa m or n

1. container, wrapper
   1. storehouse, storeroom
   2. sheath
   3. foreskin

Declension

As a masculine noun, the declension is:

Declension table of "kosa" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	koso	kosā
Accusative (second)	kosaṃ	kose
Instrumental (third)	kosena	kosehi or kosebhi
Dative (fourth)	kosassa or kosāya or kosatthaṃ	kosānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	kosasmā or kosamhā or kosā	kosehi or kosebhi
Genitive (sixth)	kosassa	kosānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	kosasmiṃ or kosamhi or kose	kosesu
Vocative (calling)	kosa	kosā

As a neuter noun, the nominative, vocative and accusative have a different set of forms:

Declension table of "kosa" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	kosaṃ	kosāni
Accusative (second)	kosaṃ	kosāni
Vocative (calling)	kosa	kosāni

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “kosa”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔ.sa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔsa
• Syllabification: ko‧sa
• Homophone: Kosa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish kosa, from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Noun

kosa f

1. scythe
2. (dated) braid
3. (geography) spit that extends into the deep sea, instead of closing off a lagoon

   Synonym: szpyrk

4. (slang) knife, shank
5. (slang) beef, grudge

   Mieć z kimś kosę

   Have a beef with someone

Usage notes

Examples of landforms in sense #3 are the Farewell Spit in New Zealand and the Hel Peninsula in Poland.

Declension

Declension of kosa

	singular	plural
nominative	kosa	kosy
genitive	kosy	kos
dative	kosie	kosom
accusative	kosę	kosy
instrumental	kosą	kosami
locative	kosie	kosach
vocative	koso	kosy

Related terms

nouns

• kosiarz
• kosisko
• kosynier
• kośba

 

verb

• kosić

 

See also

• sierp

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

kosa m animal

1. genitive/accusative singular of kos

Adjective

kosa

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of kosy

Further reading

• kosa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kosa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kǒsa/
• Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Noun

kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)

1. hair (of a person, on the head)

Declension

Declension of kosa

	singular	plural
nominative	kòsa	kȍse
genitive	kose	kosa
dative	kosi	kosama
accusative	kosu	kose
vocative	koso	kose
locative	kosi	kosama
instrumental	kosom	kosama

See also

• šišati (to cut hair)
• dlaka

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kǒsa/
• Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Noun

kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)

2. scythe

Declension

Declension of kosa

	singular	plural
nominative	kosa	kose
genitive	kose	kosa
dative	kosi	kosama
accusative	kosu	kose
vocative	koso	kose
locative	kosi	kosama
instrumental	kosom	kosama

Etymology 3

From kȏs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kǒsa/
• Hyphenation: ko‧sa

Noun

kòsa f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀са)

1. slope, declivity
2. a mountain spur; a smaller ridge branching off from a mountain range

Declension

Declension of kosa

	singular	plural
nominative	kosa	kose
genitive	kose	kosa
dative	kosi	kosama
accusative	kosu	kose
vocative	koso	kose
locative	kosi	kosama
instrumental	kosom	kosama

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

kosa

1. inflection of kos:
   1. feminine nominative/vocative singular
   2. indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
   3. indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
   4. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural

Noun

kosa (Cyrillic spelling коса)

1. genitive/accusative singular of kos

References

• “kosa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “kosa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “kosa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• Čolović, Gvozden R. (1969) Vojna topografija, Beograd: Vojnogeografski institut

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kosa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɔsa/

Noun

kosa f

1. scythe
2. spit (narrow peninsula)
3. (slang) cold, (temperature)

   Synonym: mráz

Declension

Declension of kosa

	singular	plural
nominative	kosa	kosy
genitive	kosy	kôs
dative	kose	kosám
accusative	kosu	kosy
locative	kose	kosách
instrumental	kosou	kosami

Derived terms

• kosička
• kosisko

Further reading

• “kosa”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

kosa (ma class, plural makosa)

1. fault

Verb

-kosa (infinitive kukosa)

1. to do wrong
2. to lack, be deficient (in)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kosa
Positive present -nakosa Subjunctive -kose Negative -kosi Imperative singular kosa
Infinitives
Positive kukosa Negative kutokosa
Imperatives
Singular kosa Plural koseni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukosa Positive past positive subject concord + -likosa Negative past negative subject concord + -kukosa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosa) Singular Plural 1st person ninakosa/nakosa tunakosa 2nd person unakosa mnakosa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakosa wanakosa other classes positive subject concord + -nakosa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kosi) Singular Plural 1st person sikosi hatukosi 2nd person hukosi hamkosi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakosi hawakosi other classes negative subject concord + -kosi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takosa Negative future negative subject concord + -takosa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kose) Singular Plural 1st person nikose tukose 2nd person ukose mkose 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akose wakose other classes positive subject concord + -kose
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikose Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekosa Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekosa Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikosa Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikosa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosa) Singular Plural 1st person nakosa twakosa 2nd person wakosa mwakosa 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosa wakosa m-mi(III/IV) wakosa yakosa ji-ma(V/VI) lakosa yakosa ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakosa vyakosa n(IX/X) yakosa zakosa u(XI) wakosa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakosa pa(XVI) pakosa mu(XVIII) mwakosa
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekosa "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakosa "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakosa "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikosa "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokosa Consecutive kakosa / positive subject concord + -kakosa Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakose
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikosa -tukosa 2nd person -kukosa -wakosa/-kukoseni/-wakoseni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkosa -wakosa m-mi(III/IV) -ukosa -ikosa ji-ma(V/VI) -likosa -yakosa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikosa -vikosa n(IX/X) -ikosa -zikosa u(XI) -ukosa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukosa pa(XVI) -pakosa mu(XVIII) -mukosa Reflexive -jikosa
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kosa- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -kosaye -kosao m-mi(III/IV) -kosao -kosayo ji-ma(V/VI) -kosalo -kosayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kosacho -kosavyo n(IX/X) -kosayo -kosazo u(XI) -kosao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kosako pa(XVI) -kosapo mu(XVIII) -kosamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kosa) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekosa -okosa m-mi(III/IV) -okosa -yokosa ji-ma(V/VI) -lokosa -yokosa ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokosa -vyokosa n(IX/X) -yokosa -zokosa u(XI) -okosa see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokosa pa(XVI) -pokosa mu(XVIII) -mokosa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -kosea
  • Causative: -kosesha
  • Reciprocal: -kosana
  • Stative: -koseka

• Nominal derivations:
  • mkosaji (“culprit”)
  • ukosefu (“shortage, lack”)

Swedish

Etymology

From French course, similar to Dutch koers.

Noun

kosa c

1. (in some expressions) course

   Jag styrde kosan mot baren

   I steered the course towards the bar (journeyed towards the bar)

Declension

Declension of kosa
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	kosa	kosan	kosor	kosorna
Genitive	kosas	kosans	kosors	kosornas

See also

• kos

References

• kosa in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kosa in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)