kost
Cornish edit
Noun edit
kost m (plural kostys or kostow)
Derived terms edit
- heb kost (“free of charge”)
- kostow arghantti (“bank charges”)
- kostow mentons (“maintenance charges”)
- kusulyades kost (“(female) quantity surveyor”)
- kusulyas kost (“(male) quantity surveyor”)
Noun edit
kost m (plural kostys)
Mutation edit
Cornish consonant mutation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard | mixed | mixed after 'th |
kost | gost | host | unchanged | unchanged | unchanged |
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech kost, from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost f
- bone (any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone)
- (colloquial) girl, woman
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Danish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste, German Kosten, borrowed from Medieval Latin costa, which is derived from the verb constare.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost c (singular definite kosten, not used in plural form)
- food (any substance consumed by living organisms to sustain life)
- diet (food a person or animal consumes, habitual consumption)
- board (regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Danish kwast, kwost, kost, from Old Norse *kvǫstr, from Proto-Germanic *kwastuz. Doublet of kvast ("tassel"), related to Swedish kvast, German Quaste (“tassel”), and Dutch kwast.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost c (singular definite kosten, plural indefinite koste)
Inflection edit
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch cost, from Old French cost.
Noun edit
kost m (plural kosten, diminutive kostje n)
- cost, price
- (in the plural) expenses
- (used absolutely, with definite article) board, livelihood, meals and lodgings
- food, nourishment
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
kost
- inflection of kosten:
Anagrams edit
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kost
- inflection of kosen:
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost
Icelandic edit
Noun edit
kost
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
From *kansti, from Proto-Baltic *kond-t(e)i, from an ablauted form *kond- of Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to rub, to scratch, to scrape”) (whence also kniest (“to itch”), q.v.) with an extra -d. Cognates include Lithuanian ką́sti, Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (Old Church Slavonic кѫсъ (kǫsŭ), Russian кус (kus, “mouthful”), кусать (kusatʹ, “to bite, to sting”), Bulgarian къ́сам (kǎ́sam, “to bite, to sting”), Czech kousati, Polish kąsać (“to bite, to sting”)), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to bite, to eat”), Ancient Greek κνώδοντες (knṓdontes, “metal teeth on sword”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kost (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kožu, kod, kož, past kodu)
- to bite, to take a bite (to use one's teeth to press, to cut off a piece of something)
- kost maizes kumosu ― to bite (off) a mouthful of bread
- kost riekstu ― to bite a nut, to break its shell with one's teeth
- kost auklu, diegu ar zobiem ― to bite (= cut) a string, a cord with (one's) teeth
- desu koda, Pāvils no viena gala, Roberts no otra ― they bit the sausage, Pāvils from one end, Roberts from the other
- Baiba kož maizi pa mazam gabaliņam, lai ilgāk pietiktu ― Baiba bites the bread in small bites, so that it lasts longer
- smeikli kaklu nelauzīs, bez zobiem riekstu nekodīs ― laughter won't break (one's) neck, without teeth (one) won't bite (= break open) a nut
- to bite in (to press, to sink one's teeth into something)
- kost tomātā, ābolā ― to bite (in) a tomato, an apple
- Andris kāri kož biezajā sviestmaizē ― Andris bit (in) the thick sandwich with appetite
- to bite, to chew (to reduce (usually food) to pieces with one's teeth)
- Julcīte savu cukura gabaliņu iemet mutē un kož kraukšķinādama un tīksminādamās ― Julcīte threw her sugar cube into (her) mouth and bit, chewed, crunching and enjoying it
- kaza kož lapas ar saviem asajiem zobiem ― the goat is biting, chewing leaves with its sharp teeth
- (colloquial) to eat a little, to have a bite
- viņa no rīta nav kumosu kodusi ― she hasn't had a bite (= anything to eat) since morning
- to bite (to be able to bite; to sink one's teeth into something in order to hurt or kill; (of insects) to sting)
- čūska kož ― the snake bites
- svešs zvērs var pēkšņi kost ― a strange animal may suddenly bite
- vilks koda avis ― the wolf bit the sheep
- kostas brūces ― bitten wounds (i.e., wounds from bites)
- odi, blusas, dunduris kož ― mosquitoes, fleas, horseflies bite
- mušas koda kā trakas ― the flies bit like crazy
- visu nedēļu dunduri koduši miesu ― all week the horseflies have been biting (our) flesh
- (figuratively, of hard, sharp objects) to cause sudden sharp pain
- vajadzēs tev savaldīties: ganu rīkstes kož ― you will have to be careful: the shepherd's rod bites (= hurts)
- (figuratively, of words, thoughts) to cause sudden discomfort
- visvairāk kremt un kož tā aušīgā iedoma ― that flighty whim gnaws and bites most of all
- (of cold or hot weather) to bite (to freeze or heat so much that they no longer grow)
- salnas kosta bērza lapa, ziedus ― the frosts bit the birch leaves, the flowers
- saulstaru kosta zāle ― sun(rays)-bitten grass
- (of time, rust) to damage or destroy slowly
- rūsa nespēj kost ― rust won't be able to bite it
- laika kostais kuršu zobens ― time-bitten (worn-out) Curonian sword
- to bite (to cause a sore, burning sensation)
- sinepes kož mēlē ― must bites the tongue
- dūmi sāka kost acīs un kaklā ― the smoke started biting in the eyes and throat
- sviedri ritēja pāri pierei un koda acīs ― the sweat ran past (his) forehead and bit in (his) eyes
- laukā asi koda sals ― outside, the frost bit sharp
- vaigos kož sals, un sniegs jautri gurkst zem zābaku zolēm ― the frost bit in the cheeks, and the snow crunched under the boot soles
- rupji krekli kož ādā ― coarse shirts bite the skin
- (of bright lights, colors) to bite (to cause a feeling of pain in the eyes)
- lielās dzīvsudraba spuldzes ir tik spilgtas, ka kož acīs ― the large mercury lamps are so bright that they bite in the eyes
- lakats bija jauns un košs, par daudz košs, koda acīs ― the scarf was new and bright, too bright: it bit in the eyes
- (of tools, blades) to be sharp when in use, to cut well
- zāģis koda labi ― the saw bit (= cut) well
- jūsu gudrība ka truls nazis: spīdēt spīd, bet nekož ― your wisdom (is) like a dull knife: it does shine, but it doesn't bite (= doesn't cut)
- to bite (to press one's teeth, usually expressing tension)
- kost zobus lūpā ― to bite (lit. to bite one's teeth) in(to) one's lip
- meitene koda lūpā, līdz tā kļuva balta ― the girl bit her lip until it became white
- to bite (to make something, usually a gap, hole, etc., with one's teeth)
- Kains gurķa auglī dižu robu kodīs ― Kains will bite a big hole in the cucumber plant
Conjugation edit
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | kožu | kodu | kodīšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | kod | kodi | kodīsi | kod |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | kož | koda | kodīs | lai kož |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | kožam | kodām | kodīsim | kodīsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | kožat | kodāt | kodīsiet, kodīsit |
kodiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | kož | koda | kodīs | lai kož |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | kožot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | kodošs | ||
Past | esot kodis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | kozdams | ||
Future | kodīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | kožot | ||
Imperative | lai kožot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | kožam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | kodis | |||
Present | kostu | Present Passive | kožams | ||
Past | būtu kodis | Past Passive | kosts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jākož | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | kost | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jākož | Negative Infinitive | nekost | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jākožot | Verbal noun | košana |
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kost”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mòcheno edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German kost, koste, from Medieval Latin costa, from Latin cōnstō. Cognate with German Kost.
Noun edit
kost f
- dish (specific type of food)
References edit
- “kost” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural koster, definite plural kostene)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
kost
- past participle of kose
- imperative of koste
References edit
- “kost” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost m (definite singular kosten, indefinite plural kostar, definite plural kostane)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost m (definite singular kosten, uncountable)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Participle edit
kost
- past participle of kosa
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kost
- imperative of kosta
Etymology 5 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kost
- imperative of kosta
References edit
- “kost” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost f
Declension edit
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kost | kosti | kosti |
genitive | kosti | kosťú | kostí |
dative | kosti | kostma | kostem |
accusative | kost | kosti | kosti |
vocative | kosti | kosti | kosti |
locative | kosti | kosťú | kostech |
instrumental | kosťú | kostma | kostmi |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants edit
- Czech: kost
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kost”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kostь, from Proto-Indo-European *kost-, compare *h₃ost-.
Noun edit
kȏst f (Cyrillic spelling ко̑ст)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Pero Budmani, editor (1898-1903), “kȏst”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika[1] (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 5, Zagreb: JAZU, page 368
Slavomolisano edit
Etymology edit
From Serbo-Croatian kost.
Noun edit
kost m
Declension edit
References edit
- Antonietta Marra (2012), “Contact phenomena in the Slavic of Molise: some remarks about nouns and prepositional phrases” in Morphologies in Contact.
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *kostь.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kọ̑st f
Inflection edit
Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | kóst | ||
gen. sing. | kostí | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
kóst | kostí | kostí |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
kostí | kostí | kostí |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
kôsti | kostéma | kostém |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
kóst | kostí | kostí |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
kôsti | kostéh | kostéh |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
kostjó | kostéma | kostmí |
Further reading edit
- “kost”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse kostr, from Middle Low German kost, koste.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
kost c
- diet, food (The food and beverage a person or animal habitually consumes, or food more generally.)
- kost och logi
- food and accommodation
Declension edit
Declension of kost | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | kost | kosten | — | — |
Genitive | kosts | kostens | — | — |
See also edit
Further reading edit
- kost in Svensk ordbok.
- kost in Reverso Context (Swedish-English)