厚

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Stroke order

厚 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一日弓木 (MAND), four-corner 7124₇, composition ⿸厂⿱日子)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 161, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2949
Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 72, character 6
Unihan data for U+539A

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		厚
alternative forms		垕𠩞𠩰𠪋𫝗垕𠩞𠩰𠪋𫝗㫗

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 厚
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 厂 (“cliff; cave on a cliff”) + 𣆪 (“jug”). According to Shuowen, 𣆪 is an inverted 亯.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hòu (hou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˋ

(Chengdu, SP): hou⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ху (hu, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hau⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): heu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): heu

(Meixian, Guangdong): hêu⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): hou³
Min Bei (KCR): gè / hē
Min Dong (BUC): gâu / hâiu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hiǒ / hō͘ / kǎu / kāu

(Teochew, Peng'im): gao⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ³hheu
Xiang (Wiktionary): hou⁴ / hou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hòu
  - Wade–Giles: hou⁴
  - Yale: hòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: how
  - Palladius: хоу (xou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: hou⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xou
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xəu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ху (hu, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hau⁵
  - Yale: háuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: heo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: heu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /heu²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: heu
  - Hakka Romanization System: heu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: heu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /heu⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hou³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəu⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gè / hē
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke⁴²/, /xe⁵⁵/

Note:

gè - colloquial;
hē - literary.

Min Dong

(Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gâu / hâiu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑu²⁴²/, /hɑu²⁴²/

Note:

gâu - colloquial;
hâiu - literary.

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiǒ
- Tâi-lô: hiǒ
- IPA (Jinjiang): /hio³³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hio²²/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
- Tâi-lô: hōo
- Phofsit Daibuun: ho
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /hɔu³³/
(Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǎu
- Tâi-lô: kǎu
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kau²²/
- IPA (Jinjiang): /kau³³/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kāu
- Tâi-lô: kāu
- Phofsit Daibuun: kau
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kau²²/
- IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kau³³/

Note:

hiǒ/hō͘ - literary;
kǎu/kāu - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gao⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kău
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ³hheu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɜ²³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: hou⁴ / hou⁵
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /xəu⁴⁵/, /xəu²¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 厚
Mandarin	Beijing	/xou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/xou⁵³/
	Jinan	/xou²¹/
	Qingdao	/xou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/xou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/xɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/xəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xəu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/xəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/xəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/xəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/xɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xəu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/xəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/gau³⁵/ /ɦau³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/xiu³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xəu⁵⁵/ /xəu¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɛu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/heu⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/heu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐu²³/
	Nanning	/hɐu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/hɐu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔ²²/ /kau²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɑu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ke⁴²/ /xe⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kau³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔu³³/ /hɔu³⁵/ /kau³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦəuX/, /ɦəuH/

Rime
Character	厚	厚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡口切	胡遘切
Baxter	huwX	huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦəu^X/	/ɦəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəu^X/	/ɦəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣəu^X/	/ɣəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəw^X/	/ɦəw^H/
Li Rong	/ɣu^X/	/ɣu^H/
Wang Li	/ɣəu^X/	/ɣəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣə̯u^X/	/ɣə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòu	hòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau⁶	hau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤ(r)oʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːʔ/, /*ɡoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hòu
Middle Chinese	‹ huw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁ(r)oʔ/
English	thick
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厚	厚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5176	5177
Phonetic component	厚	厚
Rime group	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	厚	𠋫
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːʔ/	/*ɡoːs/

DefinitionsEdit

厚

thick
厚棉被 ― hòu miánbèi ― thick cotton quilt
large; substantial
厚禮／厚礼 ― hòulǐ ― lavish gift; generous gift
- 道德不厚者不可以使民。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE
  Dàodé bù hòu zhě bù kěyǐ shǐ mín. [Pinyin]
  He whose morality is not great cannot command the people.
- 天高日月明，地厚草木生。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
  From: 《推句》, circa 19th century
  Cheon go irweol myeong, ji hu chomok saeng. [Sino-Korean]
  The sky is high and the sun and moon are bright; the earth is large and trees and grass grow.
deep; profound
深情厚誼／深情厚谊 ― shēnqínghòuyì ― deep friendship
rich; strong
酒味很厚 ― jiǔ wèi hěn hòu ― the wine is strong
generous; kind
寬厚／宽厚 ― kuānhòu ― tolerant and generous

仁厚 ― rénhòu ― benevolent and generous
to favour
厚此薄彼 ― hòucǐbóbǐ ― to favour one and slight the other
thickness; depth
- 天子之棺四重；水兕革棺被之，其厚三寸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Tiānzǐ zhī guān sìzhòng; shuǐ sì gé guān bèi zhī, qí hòu sān cùn. [Pinyin]
  The coffin of the son of Heaven is fourfold. The hides of a water-buffalo and a rhinoceros, overlapping each other, [form the first,] three inches in thickness.
(Min Nan) many; much
(～鎮) Hou (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 厚 (“thick”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		厚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		厚
Mandarin	Beijing	厚
	Taiwan	厚
	Tianjin	厚
	Chengde	厚
	Tangshan	厚
	Cangzhou	厚
	Baoding	厚
	Shijiazhuang	厚
	Chifeng	厚
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	厚
	Heihe	厚
	Qiqihar	厚
	Harbin	厚
	Jiamusi	厚
	Baicheng	厚
	Changchun	厚
	Tonghua	厚
	Shenyang	厚
	Dandong	厚
	Jinzhou	厚
	Dalian	厚
	Yantai	厚
	Yantai (Muping)	厚
	Qingdao	厚
	Lijin	厚
	Zhucheng	厚
	Jinan	厚
	Jining	厚
	Luoyang	厚
	Wanrong	厚
	Shangqiu	厚
	Yuanyang	厚
	Zhengzhou	厚
	Lingbao	厚
	Xinyang	厚
	Baihe	厚
	Hanzhong	厚
	Xi'an	厚
	Baoji	厚
	Yinchuan	厚
	Tianshui	厚
	Lanzhou	厚
	Dunhuang	厚
	Xining	厚
	Hami	厚
	Ürümqi	厚
	Wuhan	厚
	Yichang	厚
	Xiangyang	厚
	Tianmen	厚
	Hong'an	厚
	Chengdu	厚
	Nanchong	厚
	Dazhou	厚
	Hanyuan	厚
	Xichang	厚
	Zigong	厚
	Chongqing	厚
	Guiyang	厚
	Bijie	厚
	Liping	厚
	Zhaotong	厚
	Dali	厚
	Kunming	厚
Mengzi	厚
Guilin	厚
Liuzhou	厚
Jishou	厚
Changde	厚
Anqing	厚
Xuzhou	厚
Fuyang	厚
Wuhu	厚
Yangzhou	厚
Lianyungang	厚
Lianshui	厚
Nanjing	厚
Hefei	厚
Nantong	厚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	厚
	Hong Kong	厚
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	賁
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	賁
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	賁
	Yangjiang	厚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	厚
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	厚
Gan	Nanchang	厚
	Lichuan	厚
	Pingxiang	厚
Hakka	Meixian	賁
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	賁
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	賁
	Wuhua (Changbu)	賁
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	賁
	Jiexi	賁
	Luhe	賁
	Yudu	厚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	賁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	賁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	賁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	賁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	賁
	Hong Kong	賁
	Senai (Huiyang)	賁
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	賁
	Singkawang	賁
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	賁
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	賁
Huizhou	Shexian	厚
Jin	Taiyuan	厚
	Yangyuan	厚
	Datong	厚
	Xinzhou	厚
	Lishi	厚
	Linfen	厚
	Changzhi	厚
	Linhe	厚
	Jining	厚
	Hohhot	厚
	Erenhot	厚
	Pingshan	厚
	Zhangjiakou	厚
	Handan	厚
	Linzhou	厚
	Suide	厚
Min Bei	Jian'ou	厚
Min Dong	Fuzhou	厚
Min Nan	Xiamen	厚
	Chaozhou	厚
	Bangkok (Teochew)	厚
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	厚
	Haikou	厚
Wu	Shanghai	厚
	Shanghai (Chongming)	厚
	Suzhou	厚
	Danyang	厚
	Hangzhou	厚
	Ningbo	厚
	Wenzhou	厚
	Jinhua	厚
Xiang	Changsha	厚
Xiang	Shuangfeng	厚

AntonymsEdit

薄 (bó, “thin”)

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (厚):

→ Korean: 후(厚) (hu)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 厚

交厚 (jiāohòu)
仁厚 (rénhòu)
厚交
厚今薄古
厚利 (hòulì)
厚厚敦敦
厚古薄今 (hòugǔbójīn)
厚味 (hòuwèi)
厚坪 (Hòupíng)
厚墩墩
厚度 (hòudù)
厚彼薄此
厚待 (hòudài)
厚德 (hòudé)
厚恩 (hòu'ēn)
厚情
厚意 (hòuyì)
厚望 (hòuwàng)
厚此薄彼 (hòucǐbóbǐ)
厚生 (hòushēng)
厚生省
厚皮香
厚秩
厚糈
厚葬 (hòuzàng)
厚薄 (hòubó)
厚貌深情
厚遇 (hòuyù)
厚道 (hòudào)
厚酬
厚重 (hòuzhòng)
和厚
坤厚 (Kūnhòu)
多藏厚亡
天高地厚 (tiāngāodìhòu)
宅心仁厚
宅心忠厚
富厚
嵩厚
德厚

德厚流光
忠厚 (zhōnghòu)
憨厚 (hānhòu)
才高行厚
扳厚
敦厚 (dūnhòu)
未可厚非
民淳俗厚
沉厚
沉厚寡言
深厚 (shēnhòu)
淳厚 (chúnhòu)
相厚
膏粱厚味
薄厚 (bóhòu)
醇厚 (chúnhòu)
重厚
重厚少文
雄厚 (xiónghòu)
面皮厚
高天厚地
高情厚意
厚朴 (hòupò)
優厚／优厚 (yōuhòu)
卑禮厚幣／卑礼厚币
卑辭厚禮／卑辞厚礼
厚味臘毒／厚味腊毒
厚壁組織／厚壁组织
厚實／厚实 (hòushi)
厚德載物／厚德载物 (hòudézàiwù)
厚德載福／厚德载福
厚愛／厚爱 (hòu'ài)
厚擾／厚扰
厚澤／厚泽 (hòuzé)
厚祿／厚禄 (hòulù)
厚祿高官／厚禄高官
厚禮／厚礼 (hòulǐ)
厚臉皮／厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí)
厚誣／厚诬
厚誼／厚谊

ReferencesEdit

“厚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

厚

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
Kun: あつい (atsui, 厚い, Jōyō); あつ (atsu); あか (aka)
Nanori: あ (a); あっ (a')

CompoundsEdit

Proper nounEdit

厚(あつし) • (Atsushi)

a male given name

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

厚 (eum 후 (hu))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

厚: Hán Nôm readings: hậu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.