Wiktionary

溝

See also: 沟
溝 U+6E9D, 溝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E9D
← 溜
[U+6E9C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 溞 →
[U+6E9E]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

溝 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水廿廿月 (ETTB), four-corner 35147, composition ⿰氵冓)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 639, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17944
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1692, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6E9D

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (冓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
溝 *koː
篝 *koː
鞲 *koː
韝 *koː, *kʰoː
褠 *koː
冓 *koː, *koːs
構 *koːs
購 *koːs
媾 *koːs
覯 *koːs
遘 *koːs, *koːs
煹 *koːs
搆 *koːs
講 *kroːŋʔ
耩 *kroːŋʔ
傋 *kroːŋʔ, *qʰroːŋʔ
斠 *kroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).

Etymology 1 edit

trad. 溝
simp. 沟*
alternative forms 𫤬

Possibly the k-prefix noun of 漏 (OC *roːs, “to leak”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation edit

Note: gau1 - uncommon (due to homophony with 鳩／鸠).
Note:
  • gău - vernacular;
  • gĕu - literary.
Note:
  • kau - vernacular;
  • ko͘/kio - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 溝
Mandarin Beijing /kou⁵⁵/
Harbin /kou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kou²¹/
Jinan /kou²¹³/
Qingdao /kou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kou²⁴/
Xi'an /kou²¹/
Xining /kɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kou³¹/
Ürümqi /kɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /kəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kəɯ³¹/
Hefei /kɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kəu¹¹/
Pingyao /kəu¹³/
Hohhot /kəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /kɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kø³³/
Wenzhou /kau³³/
Hui Shexian /kiu³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kəu³³/
Xiangtan /kəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /kiɛu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /keu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /keu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰɐu⁵³/
Nanning /kɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐu⁵⁵/
/kʰɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kɔ⁵⁵/
/kau⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kau⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ke⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kau³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kɔu²³/
/kau²³/
Rime
Character 溝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古侯切
Baxter kuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kəu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kəu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəw/
Li
Rong 		/ku/
Wang
Li 		/kəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 溝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gōu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁ(r)o/
English irrigation canal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 溝
Reading # 1/1
No. 4185
Phonetic
component 		冓
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		鉤
Old
Chinese 		/*koː/

Definitions edit

溝

  1. ditch; trench; channel (artificial or natural) (Classifier: 條／条 m; 道 m)
    排水溝／排水沟  ―  páishuǐgōu  ―  drainage ditch
  2. trench (military)
    壕溝／壕沟  ―  háogōu  ―  trench (military)
    深溝高壘／深沟高垒  ―  shēngōugāolěi  ―  to build firm fortifications (literally, “to dig deep trenches and build high defensive walls”)
  3. gully; valley
  4. groove; rut; furrow (Classifier: 道 m)
    屁股溝／屁股沟  ―  pìgǔ gōu  ―  gluteal cleft
    開溝播種／开沟播种  ―  kāi gōu bōzhǒng  ―  to make furrows for sowing seeds
  5. a numeral that refers to 1032 or others

Synonyms edit

Compounds edit

See also edit

Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
萬／万 (wàn) 億／亿 (yì) 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) 垓 (gāi) 秭 (zǐ) 穰 (ráng) 溝／沟 (gōu) 澗／涧 (jiàn) 正 (zhèng) 載／载 (zài) 極／极 (jí)
萬億／万亿 (wànyì)
(Mainland China) 		億億/亿亿
(Mainland China)

Etymology 2 edit

trad. 溝
simp. 沟*

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

溝

  1. Only used in 溝瞀／沟瞀 (kòumào, “ignorant”).

Etymology 3 edit

trad. 溝
simp. 沟*

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

溝

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摳／抠 (“to mix”)

Etymology 4 edit

trad. 溝
simp. 沟*
alternative forms 媾

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

溝

  1. (chiefly Cantonese) to pick up; to hit on
Derived terms edit

Etymology 5 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 溝 – see 港 (“tributary of a larger river or lake; river; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 港).

Japanese edit

Shinjitai 溝
Kyūjitai
[1]
溝󠄁
溝+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
溝󠄃
溝+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji edit

溝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
こう
Grade: S
kan’on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

溝(こう) • (kō) 

  1. ditch, channel
    排(はい)水(すい)溝(こう) ― haisuikō ― drainage ditch
  2. groove, furrow
    海(かい)溝(こう) ― kaikō ― ocean trench

Number edit

溝(こう) • (kō) 

  1. [from 17th c.] a hundred nonillion, equivalent to 1032

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
うなて
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
池溝

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

溝(うなて) • (unate) 

  1. (agriculture) irrigation ditch
Usage notes edit
  • This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
せせなぎ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

溝(せせなぎ) • (sesenagi) ←せせなき (sesenaki)?

  2. channel with rainwater, sewage or other dirty water
    Synonyms: 溝 (dobu), 下水 (gesui)
  3. Synonym of せせらぎ (seseragi)
Usage notes edit
  • This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
せせなげ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

溝(せせなげ) • (sesenage) 

  1. Synonym of 溝 (sesenagi)
Usage notes edit
  • This term is usually written in kanji in formal or technical contexts (e.g., in a newspaper or in official documentation). In informal contexts, however, it is generally written in hiragana.

Etymology 5 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
どぶ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 溝 – see the following entry.
【どぶドブ】
[noun] drainage ditch
(This term, 溝, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 6 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
みぞ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *minsə.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

溝(みぞ) • (mizo) 

  1. ditch
    溝(みぞ)にはまる
    mizo ni hamaru
    get stuck in a ditch
  2. groove, furrow
    レコードの溝(みぞ) ― rekōdo no mizo ― record grooves
  3. gap between different opinions or emotions; disagreement
    大(おお)きな溝(みぞ)がある。
    Ōki na mizo ga aru.
    There is tremendous disagreement.
    夫(ふう)婦(ふ)間(かん)の溝(みぞ)が深(ふか)まる。
    Fūfukan no mizo ga fukamaru.
    The gap between the husband and the wife widens [deepens].

Proper noun edit

溝(みぞ) • (Mizo) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 7 edit

Kanji in this term
溝
みぞさき
Grade: S
nanori

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Proper noun edit

溝(みぞさき) • (Mizosaki) 

  1. a surname

References edit

  1. ^ “溝”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean edit

Hanja edit

溝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

溝: Hán Nôm readings: câu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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