害
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See also: 呈
Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
害 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十手十口 (JQJR) or 十手一口 (JQMR), four-corner 30601, composition ⿳宀丰口)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 286, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7165
- Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 929, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5BB3
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
害 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 轄 | *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd |
| 害 | *ɡaːds |
| 犗 | *kraːds |
| 幰 | *qʰanʔ |
| 攇 | *qʰanʔ |
| 憲 | *hŋans |
| 瀗 | *qʰans |
| 割 | *kaːd |
| 磍 | *kreːd, *kʰraːd |
| 瞎 | *qʰraːd |
| 鎋 | *ɡraːd |
| 鶷 | *ɡraːd |
| 縖 | *ɡraːd |
| 豁 | *qʰʷaːd |
Pronunciation 1Edit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hoi
- Min Dong (BUC): hâi
- Min Nan (POJ): hāi
- Wu (Wiktionary): hhe (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˋ
- Wade-Giles: hai4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hay
- IPA (key): /xaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hoi6
- Yale: hoih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi6
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi6
- IPA (key): /hɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hoi
- Hakka Romanization System: hoi
- Hagfa Pinyim: hoi4
- IPA: /ho̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hâi
- IPA (key): /hɑi²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: hhe (T3)
- IPA (key): /ɦe̞²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 害 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xai⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /xai⁵³/ /xai²¹³/ ～怕 |
|
| Tianjin | /xai⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /xɛ²¹/ | |
| Qingdao | /xɛ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /xai³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /xai⁴⁴/ | |
| Xining | /xɛ²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /xɛ¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /xɛ¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /xai²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /xai³⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /xai¹³/ | |
| Guiyang | /xai²¹³/ | |
| Kunming | /xæ²¹²/ | |
| Nanjing | /xae⁴⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /xe̞⁵³/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xai⁴⁵/ |
| Pingyao | /xæ³⁵/ | |
| Hohhot | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ɦe̞³¹/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ɦe̞¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ɦe²²/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /xuə¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xai⁵⁵/ /xai¹¹/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɦai²¹/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /hai²¹/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /hoi⁵³/ |
| Taoyuan | /hoi⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔi²²/ |
| Nanning | /hɔi²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /hɔi²²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /hai²²/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /hɑi²⁴²/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /xuɛ⁴⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /hai³¹/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /hai³³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 害 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 泰 (25) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡蓋切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑiH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑiH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑiH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦajH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɑiH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɑiH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑiH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hài |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 害 | 害 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hài | hài |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hajH › | ‹ hajH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*N-kˤat-s/ | /*m-kˤat-s/ |
| English | be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.) | hurt (v.t.) |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 害 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 4845 |
| Phonetic component |
害 |
| Rime group |
祭 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
害 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːds/ |
| Notes | 金文非丯聲，似𥎆初文加古聲，㝬通胡 |
DefinitionsEdit
害
- to harm; to maim; to injure
- to cause to do; to result in (something unfavourable)
- to kill; to murder
- to suffer from
- to feel (an adverse sentiment)
- harm; disaster; calamity
- crucial point; vital point
- harmful; injurious
AntonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 害
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Pronunciation 2Edit
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
- Wade-Giles: ho2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
- IPA (key): /xɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hot3, hot6
- Yale: hot, hoht
- Cantonese Pinyin: hot8, hot9
- Guangdong Romanization: hod3, hod6
- IPA (key): /hɔːt̚³/, /hɔːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
DefinitionsEdit
害
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
害
ReadingsEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 害 |
| がい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi |
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 害 (hajH, “injury”).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
害 • (hae, hal) (hangeul 해, 할, revised hae, hal, McCune-Reischauer hae, hal)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.