Wiktionary

害

害 U+5BB3, 害
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB3
← 宲
[U+5BB2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 宴 →
[U+5BB4]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Taiwan)
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Han characterEdit

害 (radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十手十口 (JQJR) or 十手一口 (JQMR), four-corner 30601, composition ⿳宀丰口)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 286, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 929, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5BB3

ChineseEdit

trad. 害
simp. # 害

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 害
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
 
Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
轄 *kʰaːds, *ɡraːd
害 *ɡaːds
犗 *kraːds
幰 *qʰanʔ
攇 *qʰanʔ
憲 *hŋans
瀗 *qʰans
割 *kaːd
磍 *kreːd, *kʰraːd
瞎 *qʰraːd
鎋 *ɡraːd
鶷 *ɡraːd
縖 *ɡraːd
豁 *qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːds): semantic 宀 + semantic 口 + phonetic 丯 (OC *kreːds).

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”). See there for more.

Pronunciation 1Edit

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 害
Mandarin Beijing /xai⁵¹/
Harbin /xai⁵³/
/xai²¹³/ ～怕
Tianjin /xai⁵³/
Jinan /xɛ²¹/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xai³¹²/
Xi'an /xai⁴⁴/
Xining /xɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /xai²¹³/
Wuhan /xai³⁵/
Chengdu /xai¹³/
Guiyang /xai²¹³/
Kunming /xæ²¹²/
Nanjing /xae⁴⁴/
Hefei /xe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xæ³⁵/
Hohhot /xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦe̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦe²²/
Hui Shexian /xɛ²²/
Tunxi /xuə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xai⁵⁵/
/xai¹¹/
Xiangtan /ɦai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /hai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔi²²/
Nanning /hɔi²²/
Hong Kong /hɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hai²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hai³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hai³³/
Rime
Character 害
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦajH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hài
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 害 害
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hài hài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hajH › ‹ hajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-kˁat-s/ /*m-kˁat-s/
English be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.) hurt (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 害
Reading # 1/1
No. 4845
Phonetic
component 		害
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		害
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaːds/
Notes 金文非丯聲，似𥎆初文加古聲，
㝬通胡

DefinitionsEdit

害

  1. to harm; to maim; to injure
  2. to cause to do; to result in (something unfavourable)
  3. to kill; to murder
  4. to suffer from
  5. to feel (an adverse sentiment)
  6. harm; disaster; calamity
  7. crucial point; vital point
  8. harmful; injurious
  9. (Min Nan) broken
AntonymsEdit
  • 益 (yì, “benefit”)
  • 利 (lì, “benefit”)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 害

Pronunciation 2Edit

DefinitionsEdit

害

  1. † Alternative form of 曷 (hé, “why not”).

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

害

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (そこなう) damage, harm, injure
  2. (あやめる) kill
  3. (わざわい) disaster

ReadingsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Kanji in this term
害
がい
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 害 (hajH, “injury”).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

害(がい) • (gai) 

  1. injury, harm, damage

AntonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

害 (eumhun 해칠 해 (haechil hae))

  1. Hanja form? of 해 (“harm”).

CompoundsEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

害 (hại)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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