害

See also: 呈

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

害 (radical 40 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十手十口 (JQJR) or 十手一口 (JQMR), four-corner 3060₁, composition ⿳宀丰口)

1. damage, harm, injure

   Antonyms : 益, 利

2. kill

Derived charactersEdit

• 割 轄

See alsoEdit

• 呈

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 286, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7165
• Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 929, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5BB3

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		害

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hài (hai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi⁶, hot³
• Min Nan (POJ): hāi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: hài
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˋ
    • Wade-Giles: hai⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hay
    • IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi⁶, hot³
    • Yale: hoih, hot
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi⁶, hot⁸
    • IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯²²/, /hɔːt̚³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hai
    • IPA (Taipei): /haɪ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /haɪ²²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 害
Mandarin	Beijing	/xai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xai⁵³/ /xai²¹³/ ～怕
	Tianjin	/xai⁵³/
	Jinan	/xɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/xɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/xai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/xɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/xɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xai¹³/
	Guiyang	/xai²¹³/
	Kunming	/xæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/xae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/xe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦe̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦe̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦe²²/
Hui	Shexian	/xɛ²²/
	Tunxi	/xuə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/xai⁵⁵/ /xai¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɦai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/hai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/hoi⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɔi²²/
	Nanning	/hɔi²²/
	Hong Kong	/hɔi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hai²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xuɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hai³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hai³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦɑi^H/▼

Rime
Character	害
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡蓋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦajH/
Li Rong	/ɣɑiH/
Wang Li	/ɣɑiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hài

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*N-kˤat-s/, /*m-kˤat-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːds/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	害	害
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hài	hài
Middle Chinese	‹ hajH ›	‹ hajH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˤat-s/	/*m-kˤat-s/
English	be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.)	hurt (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	害
Reading #	1/1
No.	4845
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	害
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːds/
Notes	金文非丯聲，似𥎆初文加古聲，㝬通胡

VerbEdit

害

1. to harm, to maim, to injure
2. (derogatory) to cause to do

   航班晚點了，害我多等了兩個小時。 [MSC, trad.]

   航班晚点了，害我多等了两个小时。 [MSC, simp.]

   Hángbān wǎndiǎn le, hài wǒ duō děng le liǎng ge xiǎoshí. [Pinyin]

   The flight was delayed, causing me to wait for another two hours.

CompoundsEdit

• 害怕 (hàipà)
• 殘害／残害 (cánhài)

ReferencesEdit

• (Min Nan) “Entry #5899”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

害

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. damage, harm, injure
2. kill
3. disaster

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: がい (gai)
• Kan’on: かい (kai)
• Kun: そこなう (害なう, sokonau), ころす (korosu), わざわい (wazawai)

Kanji in this term
害
がい Grade: 4
on'yomi

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Chinese 害 ‎(haj^H, “injury”).

PronunciationEdit

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) が​い [gáꜜì] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠i]

NounEdit

害 ‎(hiragana がい, romaji gai)

1. injury, harm, damage

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

害悪 (がいあく) ‎(gaiaku) 害獣 (がいじゅう) ‎(gaijū, “harmful animal”) 害虫 (がいちゅう) ‎(gaichū, “harmful insect”) 害鳥 (がいちょう) ‎(gaichō, “harmful bird”) 害毒 (がいどく) ‎(gaidoku) 危害 (きがい) ‎(kigai) 災害 (さいがい) ‎(saigai) 殺害 (さつがい) ‎(satsugai) 残害 (ざんがい) ‎(zangai) 自害 (じがい) ‎(jigai) 水害 (すいがい) ‎(suigai) 損害 (そんがい) ‎(songai) 被害 (ひがい) ‎(higai) 風害 (ふうがい) ‎(fūgai) 無害 (むがい) ‎(mugai) 有害 (ゆうがい) ‎(yūgai) 利害 (りがい) ‎(rigai)

ReferencesEdit

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

害 • ‎(hae, hal) (hangeul 해, 할, revised hae, hal, McCune-Reischauer hae, hal)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

害 (hại)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.