U+5BB3, 害
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB3

[U+5BB2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5BB4]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Taiwan)
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 40, +7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十手十口 (JQJR) or 十手一口 (JQMR), four-corner 30601, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 286, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7165
  • Dae Jaweon: page 565, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 929, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5BB3

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𡧱

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou
Bronze inscriptions
 

Multiple theories:

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 季旭昇,2004《說文新證》,台北:藝文印書館印行,2014年9月第二版。p.601-602
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 漢語多功能字庫 - 字頭 「害」
  3. ^ 李學勤,2012《字源》,天津:天津古籍出版社,2013年7月2次印刷。p.662

Etymology edit

Cognate with (OC *kaːd, “to cut”). See there for more.

Pronunciation 1 edit



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /xai⁵¹/
Harbin /xai⁵³/
/xai²¹³/ ~怕
Tianjin /xai⁵³/
Jinan /xɛ²¹/
Qingdao /xɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xai³¹²/
Xi'an /xai⁴⁴/
Xining /xɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /xɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /xɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /xai²¹³/
Wuhan /xai³⁵/
Chengdu /xai¹³/
Guiyang /xai²¹³/
Kunming /xæ²¹²/
Nanjing /xae⁴⁴/
Hefei /xe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /xæ³⁵/
Hohhot /xɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦe̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦe̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦe²²/
Hui Shexian /xɛ²²/
Tunxi /xuə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xai⁵⁵/
/xai¹¹/
Xiangtan /ɦai²¹/
Gan Nanchang /hai²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hoi⁵³/
Taoyuan /hoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɔi²²/
Nanning /hɔi²²/
Hong Kong /hɔi²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hai²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hai³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hai³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter hajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦajH/
Li
Rong
/ɣɑiH/
Wang
Li
/ɣɑiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hoi6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hài hài
Middle
Chinese
‹ hajH › ‹ hajH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-kˁat-s/ /*m-kˁat-s/
English be hurt (v.i.); injury (n.) hurt (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4845
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡaːds/
Notes 𥎆

Definitions edit

  1. to harm; to maim; to injure
  2. to cause to do; to result in (something unfavourable)
  3. to kill; to murder
  4. to suffer from
  5. to feel (an adverse sentiment)
  6. harm; disaster; calamity
  7. crucial point; vital point
  8. harmful; injurious
  9. (Southern Min) broken
Antonyms edit
  • (, “benefit”)
  • (, “benefit”)

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit


Definitions edit

  1. Alternative form of (, why)

Japanese edit

Shinjitai  
Kyūjitai
[1]

害󠄂
+&#xE0102;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
 
害󠄆
+&#xE0106;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji edit

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (そこなう) damage, harm, injure
  2. (あやめる) kill
  3. (わざわい) disaster

Readings edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
がい
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (hajH, injury).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

(がい) (gai

  1. injury, harm, damage

Antonyms edit

Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(eumhun 해칠 (haechil hae))

  1. Hanja form? of (harm).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: hại

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.