累

See also: 纍

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

EtymologyEdit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols): 田 + 糸.

Simplified from 纍 (畾 → 田)

A popular theory consider this character as an ideogramic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field 田 while women worked in silk farming 糸. This is a mnemonic and not the etymology.

Han characterEdit

累 (radical 120 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 6090₃, composition ⿱田糸)

1. tired
2. implicate, involve
3. bother

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 919, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
• Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3381, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7D2F
• McNaughton, William (2005) Reading & Writing Chinese: Simplified Character Edition, 2nd Edition edition, Tuttle, ISBN 978-0804835091, page 10

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		累

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lèi (lei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lui
• Min Nan (POJ): lūi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lei⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
    • IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: leoi⁶
    • Yale: leuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loei⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
    • Hakka Romanization System: lui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lui⁴
    • IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi
    • Tâi-lô: luī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lui
    • IPA (Taipei): /lui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui²²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 累 (累積)	edit 累 (連累)
Mandarin	Beijing	/lei²¹⁴/	/lei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lei²¹³/	/lei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lei¹³/	/lei⁵³/
	Jinan	/luei⁵⁵/	/luei²¹/
	Qingdao	/le⁵⁵/	/le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luei⁵³/	/luei³¹²/
	Xi'an	/luei⁵³/	/luei⁰/
	Xining	/luɨ⁵³/	/luɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/luei⁵³/	/luei¹³/
	Lanzhou	/luei⁴⁴²/	/luei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/luei⁵¹/	/luei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nei⁴²/	/nei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nuei⁵³/	/nuei¹³/
	Guiyang	/nuei⁴²/	/nuei²¹³/
	Kunming	/luei⁵³/	/luei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/luəi²¹²/	/luəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/le²⁴/	/le⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luei⁵³/	/luei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/luei⁵³/	/luei³⁵/
	Hohhot	/luei⁵³/	/luei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞⁵¹/	/le̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/lei⁵³/	/lei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lai³⁵/	/lai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/le³⁵/	/le²²/
	Tunxi		/li¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lei⁴¹/	/lei⁵⁵/ /lei¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/nəi⁴²/	/nəi²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lui²¹³/	/lui²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lui⁴⁴/	/lui⁵³/
	Taoyuan		/lui⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løy²³/	/løy²²/
	Nanning	/lui²⁴/	/lui²²/
	Hong Kong	/løy²²/	/løy²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lui⁵³/	/lui²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luɔi²⁴²/	/luɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ly²⁴/	/ly⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lui⁵³/	/lui³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lui²¹³/	/lui³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /liuᴇ^X/, /liuᴇ^H/▼

Rime
Character	累	累
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力委切	良僞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇX/	/liuᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛX/	/lʷiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛX/	/ljuɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆X/	/lwiə̆H/
Li Rong	/liueX/	/liueH/
Wang Li	/lǐweX/	/lǐweH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lwie̯X/	/lwie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lěi	lèi

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[r]oj/, /*[r]ojʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ruːls/, /*rolʔ/, /*rols/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	累	累
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lěi	lěi
Middle Chinese	‹ ljwe ›	‹ ljweX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]oj/	/*[r]ojʔ/
English	rope (to tie s.o. up)	accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累	累	累
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	7727	7733	7735
Phonetic component	畾	畾	畾
Rime group	微	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	2	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	纇	絫	累
Old Chinese	/*ruːls/	/*rolʔ/	/*rols/
Notes		同絫

AdjectiveEdit

累

1. tired, weary
   • 我很累。  ―  Wǒ hěn lèi.  ―  I'm tired.
2. (of work) hard; tiring
   • 你別工作得太累。 / 你别工作得太累。  ―  Nǐ bié gōngzuò dé tài lèi.  ―  Don't work too hard.

SynonymsEdit

• (Cantonese) 攰, 癐 (gui6)

VerbEdit

累

1. to strain, to wear out

   • 他會累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, trad.]

     他会累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā huì lèi dé jīngpílìjié de. [Pinyin]

     He'll wear himself out.

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lěi (lei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lûi
• Min Nan (POJ): lūi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
    • Wade-Giles: lei³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
    • IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: leoi⁵
    • Yale: léuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loei⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lûi
    • Hakka Romanization System: lui´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lui¹
    • IPA: /lu̯i²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi
    • Tâi-lô: luī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lui
    • IPA (Taipei): /lui³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui²²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 累 (累積)	edit 累 (連累)
Mandarin	Beijing	/lei²¹⁴/	/lei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lei²¹³/	/lei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lei¹³/	/lei⁵³/
	Jinan	/luei⁵⁵/	/luei²¹/
	Qingdao	/le⁵⁵/	/le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luei⁵³/	/luei³¹²/
	Xi'an	/luei⁵³/	/luei⁰/
	Xining	/luɨ⁵³/	/luɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/luei⁵³/	/luei¹³/
	Lanzhou	/luei⁴⁴²/	/luei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/luei⁵¹/	/luei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nei⁴²/	/nei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nuei⁵³/	/nuei¹³/
	Guiyang	/nuei⁴²/	/nuei²¹³/
	Kunming	/luei⁵³/	/luei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/luəi²¹²/	/luəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/le²⁴/	/le⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luei⁵³/	/luei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/luei⁵³/	/luei³⁵/
	Hohhot	/luei⁵³/	/luei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞⁵¹/	/le̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/lei⁵³/	/lei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lai³⁵/	/lai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/le³⁵/	/le²²/
	Tunxi		/li¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lei⁴¹/	/lei⁵⁵/ /lei¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/nəi⁴²/	/nəi²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lui²¹³/	/lui²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lui⁴⁴/	/lui⁵³/
	Taoyuan		/lui⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løy²³/	/løy²²/
	Nanning	/lui²⁴/	/lui²²/
	Hong Kong	/løy²²/	/løy²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lui⁵³/	/lui²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luɔi²⁴²/	/luɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ly²⁴/	/ly⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lui⁵³/	/lui³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lui²¹³/	/lui³³/

AdjectiveEdit

累

1. continuous, repeated

VerbEdit

累

1. to accumulate
   • 積累 / 积累  ―  jīlěi  ―  to accumulate
   • 累計 / 累计  ―  lěijì  ―  to accumulate

Etymology 3Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍. (This character, 累, is the simplified form of 纍.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

CompoundsEdit

Related terms

léi 累累 累赘, 累坠 lěi 累次 累代 累犯 累积 累及 累计 累进 累进税 累卵 累年 累日 累时 累世 累月经年 lèi 累乏 累活, 累活儿 累垮 累人 累死累活 累坏, 累壞

ReferencesEdit

• (Mandarin) 累 in CEDICT on MDBG
• “Jukuu”, in Jukuu^[1] (in Mandarin/English), accessed 2014-03-03
• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

累

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReadingsEdit

• On: るい (rui)
• Kun: しばる (shibaru), かさねる (kasaneru), わずらわせ (wazurawase)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

累 • ‎(ru, nu) (hangeul 루, 누, revised ru, nu, McCune-Reischauer ru, nu, Yale lwu, nwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

累 (luỵ, lủi, luỹ, mệt, luy)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.