累

See also: 纍

累	U+7D2F, 累 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D2F

← 紮
[U+7D2E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

細 →
[U+7D30]

累	U+F94F, 累 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F94F

← 漏
[U+F94E]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

縷 →
[U+F950]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

累 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 6090₃, composition ⿱田糸)

Derived characters

傫, 嫘, 摞, 漯, 樏, 㹎, 䐯, 磥, 縲(缧), 螺, 鏍(镙), 騾(骡), 蔂, 䉂, 瘰

Additional Derived Characters

𠼱, 𡏱, 𰌯, 𡻱, 𤡂, 𨻽, 𪱀, 𤍶, 𤨴, 𥉹, 𥛧, 𥡜, 𦧲, 𫤡, 𧫖, 𧷳, 𧹶, 𧽲, 𨄱, 𮤄, 𩌹, 𩏞, 𤳻, 𪍯
𰫥, 𤮉, 𰀨, 𩌺, 𩕃, 𮭒(𲎃), 𡻭, 𩮹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 919, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
Unihan data for U+7D2F

Unihan data for U+F94F

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
摞	roːl, roːls
騾	*roːl
螺	*roːl
蔂	roːl, rul
虆	roːl, rul
瘰	*roːlʔ
礌	ruːl, ruːls
雷	*ruːl
擂	ruːl, ruːls
攂	ruːl, ruːls
礧	ruːll, ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡	ruːl, ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃	ruːl, rul, *ruls
櫑	ruːl, ruːlʔ
鑘	ruːl, ruːlʔ
鐳	*ruːl
畾	*ruːl
轠	ruːl, rulʔ
罍	*ruːl
蕾	*ruːlʔ
癗	*ruːlʔ
磥	*ruːlʔ
累	ruːls, rolʔ, *rols
儽	ruːls, rul
樏	rolʔ, rul
鸓	rul, rulʔ
嫘	*rul
纍	rul, ruls
欙	*rul
纝	*rul
壘	*rulʔ
櫐	*rulʔ
蘽	*rulʔ
藟	*rulʔ
讄	*rulʔ

Simplified from 纍 (畾 → 田).

Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).

Etymology

Various semantic fields can be distinguished:

“to add; to accumulate”: Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).

“to damage; exhausted; tired”: Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).

“to bind; to wind around”: See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		累/纍^*
simp.		累

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lěi (lei³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁵ / leoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lûi
Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̆
Eastern Min (BUC): lūi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lúi
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lěi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
  - Wade–Giles: lei³
  - Yale: lěi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leoi⁵ / leoi⁶
  - Yale: léuih / leuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁵ / loey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁵ / lêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯¹³/, /lɵy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lûi
  - Hakka Romanization System: lui^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lui¹
  - Sinological IPA: /lu̯i²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lūi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lúi
  - Tâi-lô: luí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lui⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lui⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui⁴¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶le
  - MiniDict: le^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 累 (累積)
Mandarin	Beijing	/lei²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/lei²¹³/
	Tianjin	/lei¹³/
	Jinan	/luei⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/le⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/luei⁵³/
	Xi'an	/luei⁵³/
	Xining	/luɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/luei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/luei⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/luei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nei⁴²/
	Chengdu	/nuei⁵³/
	Guiyang	/nuei⁴²/
	Kunming	/luei⁵³/
	Nanjing	/luəi²¹²/
	Hefei	/le²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luei⁵³/
	Pingyao	/luei⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luei⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/lei⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/lai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/le³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lei⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nəi⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lui²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/lui⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løy²³/
	Nanning	/lui²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/løy²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lui⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/luɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ly²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lui⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lui²¹³/

Middle Chinese: ljweX

Rime
Character	累
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力委切
Baxter	ljweX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/liue^X/
Wang Li	/lǐwe^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lěi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ojʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*rolʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	累
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lěi
Middle Chinese	‹ ljwe^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ojʔ/
English	accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累
Reading #	2/3
No.	7733
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	絫
Old Chinese	/*rolʔ/
Notes	同絫

Definitions

累

to pile up; to heap up; to mount up; to accumulate
alt. forms: 傫 (lěi)

積累／积累 ― jīlěi ― to accumulate

累計／累计 ― lěijì ― to accumulate
- 九層之臺，起於累土。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  九层之台，起于累土。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  Jiǔ céng zhī tái, qǐ yú lěi tǔ. [Pinyin]
  The tower of nine storeys rose from a (small) heap of earth.
repeated; numerous; unremitting; continuous; persistent
經年累月／经年累月 ― jīngniánlěiyuè ― for years and years
- 六藝經傳以千萬數，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  六艺经传以千万数，累世不能殚其学，当年不能究其礼。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Liùyì jīngzhuàn yǐ qiānwàn shǔ, lěishì bùnéng dān qí xué, dāngnián bùnéng jiū qí lǐ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(obsolete) to repeat; to replicate; to overlap
(obsolete) to add (to); to increase; to grow
(obsolete) to amount (to); to sum up (to)
(obsolete) Alternative form of 絫 (lěi, “ancient weight unit”)
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

trad.		累/纍^*
simp.		累

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lèi, lěi (lei⁴, lei³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˋ, ㄌㄟˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): луй (luy, III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lui
Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄
Eastern Min (BUC): lôi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lūi
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lia⁶ / lei⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lèi
  - Wade–Giles: lei⁴
  - Yale: lèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lěi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
  - Wade–Giles: lei³
  - Yale: lěi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/

Note:

“To implicate”, “burden” and “to damage”:
- lěi (Mainland standard, Taiwan variant);
- lèi (Taiwan standard).
All other senses:
- lèi.

(Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: луй (luy, III)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /luei⁴⁴/
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leoi⁶
  - Yale: leuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
  - Hakka Romanization System: lui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lôi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi
  - Tâi-lô: luī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lui
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lui²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lui³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶le
  - MiniDict: le^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lia⁶ / lei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯a̠²⁴/, /le̞i̯²¹/

Note:

lia6 - vernacular;
lei5 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 累 (連累)
Mandarin	Beijing	/lei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lei⁵³/
	Jinan	/luei²¹/
	Qingdao	/le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luei³¹²/
	Xi'an	/luei⁰/
	Xining	/luɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/luei¹³/
	Lanzhou	/luei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/luei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nuei¹³/
	Guiyang	/nuei²¹³/
	Kunming	/luei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/luəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/le⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/luei³⁵/
	Hohhot	/luei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/lei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/le²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/li¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lei⁵⁵/ /lei¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nəi²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lui²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lui⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lui⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løy²²/
	Nanning	/lui²²/
	Hong Kong	/løy²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lui²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/luɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ly⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lui³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lui³³/

Middle Chinese: ljweH

Rime
Character	累
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良僞切
Baxter	ljweH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/liue^H/
Wang Li	/lǐwe^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rols/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累
Reading #	3/3
No.	7735
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	累
Old Chinese	/*rols/

Definitions

累

to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder
連累／连累 ― liánlei ― to implicate

累人累物 [Cantonese] ― leoi⁶ jan⁴ leoi⁶ mat⁶ [Jyutping] ― to bring burden on others
(obsolete) burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
(obsolete) to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
(obsolete) to entrust; to delegate; to devolve
- 吾欲以國累子，子必勿泄也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  吾欲以国累子，子必勿泄也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE
  Wú yù yǐ guó lěi zǐ, zǐ bì wù xiè yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to strain; to wear out; to cause to be tired
別累著眼睛／别累着眼睛 ― bié lèi zhe yǎnjīng ― Do not tire your eyes.
1. to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)
  真係唔好意思，累你白行一趟。 [Cantonese, trad.]
  真系唔好意思，累你白行一趟。 [Cantonese, simp.]
  zan¹ hai⁶ m⁴ hou² ji³ si¹, leoi⁶ nei⁵ baak⁶ haang⁴ jat¹ tong³. [Jyutping]
  I'm really sorry for making you come here for nothing.
  - 來了很久吧，累你等了。 [MSC, trad.]
    来了很久吧，累你等了。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: 1958, 周而復, 上海的早晨
    Lái le hěn jiǔ ba, lěi nǐ děng le. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(obsolete) suffering; misery; harm; disaster
(obsolete) fault; crime; slip; defect
to work hard; to toil; to overwork
我今天累了一整天。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Wǒ jīntiān lèi le yī zhěng tiān. [Pinyin]
I've been working hard all day today.
tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted
我很累。 ― Wǒ hěn lèi. ― I'm tired.

他會累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, trad.]
他会累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā huì lèi dé jīngpílìjié de. [Pinyin]
He'll wear himself out.
(obsolete) wife and children; one's family
(Changsha Xiang, polite) please; asking for help
累你幫下忙囉。 [Xiang, trad.]
累你帮下忙啰。 [Xiang, simp.]
From: 1998, 鮑厚星 et al. (editors), 長沙方言詞典, page 66
lia⁶ nyi³ ban¹ ha⁵ man² lo [Wiktionary]
Please help.

Synonyms

(tired):

edit

乏力 (fálì)
倦怠 (juàndài)
勞累 / 劳累 (láolèi)
勞頓 / 劳顿 (láodùn)
厭𤺪 / 厌𤺪 (Hokkien)
困乏 (kùnfá)
困頓 / 困顿 (kùndùn)
懶 / 懒 (lǎn)
疲乏 (pífá)
疲倦 (píjuàn)
疲勞 / 疲劳 (píláo)
疲困 (píkùn) (literary)
疲憊 / 疲惫 (píbèi)
精疲力盡 / 精疲力尽 (jīngpílìjìn)
精疲力竭 (jīngpílìjié)
頓 / 顿 (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	累, 乏
	Taiwan	累
	Malaysia	累
	Singapore	累
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	累, 乏
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	乏
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	乏, 累
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	乏
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	累
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	累
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	累, 痿
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	累
Cantonese	Guangzhou	攰
	Hong Kong	攰
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	攰
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	攰
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	攰
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	攰
	Macau	攰
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	攰
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	攰
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	疚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	攰
	Foshan	攰
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	疚
	Foshan (Shunde)	攰
	Foshan (Sanshui)	疚攰
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	疚攰
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	疓
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	疓
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	疚, 攰
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	疚, 攰
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	疚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	疚
	Taishan	疚, 攰, 疓
	Kaiping (Chikan)	疚, 攰
	Enping (Niujiang)	疚, 攰
	Heshan (Yayao)	疚算
	Dongguan	攰
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	攰
	Qingyuan	攰
	Fogang	攰
	Yingde (Hanguang)	攰
	Yangshan	攰
	Lianshan (Butian)	累
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	攰
	Shaoguan	攰
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	攰
	Renhua	攰
	Lechang	攰
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	攰
	Sihui	攰
	Guangning	攰
	Deqing	攰
	Huaiji	攰
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	疓, 攰
	Yunfu	攰
	Xinxing	疓
	Luoding	攰
	Yunan (Pingtai)	攰
	Yangjiang	攰, 疓
	Xinyi	攰
	Lianjiang	攰
	Nanning	攰
	Wuzhou	攰
	Yulin	攰, 累
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	攰
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	攰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	攰
Gan	Nanchang	累
Hakka	Meixian	𤸁, 渴
	Xingning	𤸁
	Huidong (Daling)	𤸁
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𤸁
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𤸁
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𤸁
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	𤸁
	Wengyuan	𤸁
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𤸁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𤸁
	Liannan	𤸁
	Jiexi	渴
	Luhe	悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	悿
	Changting	累
	Wuping	𤸁
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𤸁
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𤸁
	Liancheng	𤸁
	Ninghua	累
	Ningdu	累
	Ruijin	𤸁
	Shangyou (Shexi)	𤸁
	Tonggu (Sandu)	累
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𤸁, 悿
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𤸁, 悿
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	悿
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	悿, 𤸁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	悿
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	悿
	Hong Kong	𤸁
	Xinyi (Sihe)	𤸁
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	𤸁
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	𤸁
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	𤸁
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	𤸁
	Mengshan (Xihe)	𤸁
	Luchuan	𤸁
	Senai (Huiyang)	𤸁
	Kuching (Hepo)	𤺪
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	渴
	Singkawang	渴
Huizhou	Jixi	吃力
Jin	Taiyuan	乏, 累
Jin	Xinzhou	累
Northern Min	Jian'ou	累, 軟
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	弱
Southern Min	Xiamen	𤺪, 厭
	Quanzhou	𤺪, 厭
	Zhangzhou	𤺪, 厭
	Zhao'an	厭, 悿
	Taipei	悿
	Taipei (Wanhua)	悿, 𤺪
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	悿, 𤺪
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	悿
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung	悿
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	悿
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	悿
	Yilan	悿, 懶
	Yilan (Toucheng)	悿, 𤺪
	Changhua (Lukang)	悿
	Taichung	𤺪
	Taichung (Wuqi)	悿
	Tainan	悿, 𤺪
	Tainan (Anping)	悿, 𤺪
	Taitung	悿
	Hsinchu	悿, 𤺪
	Kinmen	悿
	Penghu (Magong)	悿, 𤺪
	Penghu (Xiyu)	悿, 𤺪
	Penang (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Manila (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Chaozhou	乏, 累
	Shantou	乏, 𤺪
	Shantou (Chenghai)	乏
	Jieyang	乏
	Haifeng	悿
	Bangkok (Teochew)	乏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	乏
	Singapore (Teochew)	𤺪, 累, 乏
	Leizhou	乏
	Wenchang	乏
	Haikou	乏
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	瞓
Wu	Shanghai	吃力, 衰瘏
	Suzhou	吃力
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	吃力
	Ningbo	着力, 吃力 rare
	Wenzhou	㾯, 吃力
Xiang	Changsha	傫
Xiang	Shuangfeng	鶴累

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

trad.		累/纍^*
simp.		累

Mandarin
(Pinyin): léi, lěi (lei², lei³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ, ㄌㄟˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lui
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lûi
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: léi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: léi
  - Wade–Giles: lei²
  - Yale: léi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lěi
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
  - Wade–Giles: lei³
  - Yale: lěi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
  - Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leoi⁶
  - Yale: leuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
  - Hakka Romanization System: lui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi
  - Tâi-lô: luî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: luii
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶le
  - MiniDict: le^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

Middle Chinese: ljweH

Rime
Character	累
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良僞切
Baxter	ljweH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/liue^H/
Wang Li	/lǐwe^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lwie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rols/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累
Reading #	3/3
No.	7735
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	累
Old Chinese	/*rols/

Definitions

累

Used in 累贅／累赘 (léizhui, “cumbersome”).

Pronunciation 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope; to tie; bull in mating season”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Pronunciation 5

simp. and trad.		累

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǜ (lü⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǜ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
  - Wade–Giles: lü⁴
  - Yale: lyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
  - Palladius: люй (ljuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/

Definitions

累

Only used in 謼遫累／呼遫累.

Pronunciation 6

simp. and trad.		累

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liè (lie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liè
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liè
  - Wade–Giles: lieh⁴
  - Yale: lyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lieh
  - Palladius: ле (le)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛ⁵¹/

Definitions

累

Only used in 肥累.

Pronunciation 7

For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 裸 (“bare; nude; naked; to undress; to strip”). (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as an ancient form of 裸).

Japanese

Kanji

累

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)

accumulate

Readings

Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)^{←るゐ (ruwi, historical)}
Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)^{←るゐ (ruwi, historical)}
Kun: かさね (kasane, 累)、かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる)、しばる (shibaru, 累る)、わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)^{←わづらはせ (wadurafase, 累はせ, historical)}

Korean

Hanja

累 (eumhun 묶을 루 (mukkeul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 묶을 누 (mukkeul nu))

hanja form^? of 루/누 (“tired”)
hanja form^? of 루/누 (“implicate, involve”)
hanja form^? of 루/누 (“bother”)

Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

累: Hán Nôm readings: lụy/luỵ, lủi, lũy/luỹ, mệt, luy, luệ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.