累
See also: 纍
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TranslingualEdit
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Han characterEdit
累 (radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 60903, composition ⿱田糸)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 919, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
- Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7D2F
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
| 騾 | *roːl |
| 螺 | *roːl |
| 蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
| 虆 | *roːl, *rul |
| 瘰 | *roːlʔ |
| 礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 雷 | *ruːl |
| 擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
| 櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鐳 | *ruːl |
| 畾 | *ruːl |
| 轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
| 罍 | *ruːl |
| 蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
| 癗 | *ruːlʔ |
| 磥 | *ruːlʔ |
| 累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
| 儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
| 樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
| 鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
| 嫘 | *rul |
| 纍 | *rul, *ruls |
| 欙 | *rul |
| 纝 | *rul |
| 壘 | *rulʔ |
| 櫐 | *rulʔ |
| 蘽 | *rulʔ |
| 藟 | *rulʔ |
| 讄 | *rulʔ |
Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).
EtymologyEdit
Various semantic fields can be distinguished:
- “to add; to accumulate”
- Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).
- “to damage; exhausted; tired”
- Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).
- “to bind; to wind around”
- See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).
Pronunciation 1Edit
| trad. | 累/纍* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 累 | |
DefinitionsEdit
累
- † to pile up; to heap up; to mount up; to accumulate
- † repeated; numerous; unremitting; continuous; persistent
- † to repeat; to replicate; to overlap
- † to add (to); to increase; to grow
- † to amount (to); to sum up (to)
- † Alternative form of 絫 (“ancient weight unit”).
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 累
Pronunciation 2Edit
| trad. | 累/纍* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 累 | |
DefinitionsEdit
累
- † to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder
- † burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
- † to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
- † to entrust; to delegate; to devolve
- to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)
- † suffering; misery; harm; disaster
- † fault; crime; slip; defect
- to strain; to wear out; to overwork; to overtax
- tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted
- (of work) hard; tiring; hardworking
- † verbose; long-winded; unnecessary; superfluous
- † wife and children; one's family
SynonymsEdit
- (tired):
Synonyms of 累
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 累, 乏 |
| Taiwan | 累 | |
| Jinan | 累, 乏 | |
| Xi'an | 乏, 累 | |
| Wuhan | 累 | |
| Chengdu | 累 | |
| Yangzhou | 累, 痿 | |
| Hefei | 累 | |
| Malaysia | 累 | |
| Singapore | 累 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 攰 |
| Hong Kong | 攰 | |
| Yangjiang | 攰 | |
| Singapore | 攰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 累 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𤸁 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 悿 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 悿, 𤸁 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 悿 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 悿 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 吃力 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 乏, 累 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 累, 軟 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 弱 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 𤺪, 厭 |
| Quanzhou | 𤺪, 厭 | |
| Zhangzhou | 𤺪, 厭 | |
| Taipei | 𤺪, 忝 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 𤺪 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 𤺪 | |
| Philippines (Manila Hokkien) | 𤺪 | |
| Chaozhou | 乏 | |
| Shantou | 乏 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 𤺪, 累 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 吃力 |
| Wenzhou | 㾯, 吃力 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 傫 |
| Shuangfeng | 鶴累 | |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 累
Pronunciation 3Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope; to tie; bull in mating season”). (This character, 累, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍.) |
Notes:
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Pronunciation 4Edit
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
DefinitionsEdit
累
- Only used in 謼遫累.
Pronunciation 5Edit
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
DefinitionsEdit
累
- Only used in 肥累.
Pronunciation 6Edit
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
DefinitionsEdit
累
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
累
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (ruwi, historical)
- Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (ruwi, historical)
- Kun: かさね (kasane, 累); かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる); しばる (shibaru, 累る); わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)←わづらはせ (wadurafase, historical)
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
累 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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