Wiktionary

青

See also: 靑
青 U+9752, 青
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9752
← 靑
[U+9751] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 靓 →
[U+9753]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order (Japan)
 

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 174 青

青 (radical 174, 靑+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 手一月 (QMB), four-corner 50227, composition ⿱龶月)

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 1381, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42564
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1893, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4046, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9752

ChineseEdit

trad. 青/靑
simp. 青
alternative forms
 
寈
㞭
𡗡
𡴏
𡴑
𡷉
𤯝
𤯞
𰀈 second round simplified
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 青
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”). Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.

In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (“moon”).

The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Note: jīng - only used in 青青 (jīngjīng).
Note:
  • ceng1 - vernacular;
  • cing1 - literary.
Note:
  • tiang1 - vernacular;
  • ten1 - literary.
  • Gan
    • Note:
    • qiang1 - vernacular;
    • qin1 - literary.
  • Hakka
    • Note:
    • Sixian:
      • chhiâng - vernacular;
      • chhîn - literary.
  • Jin
    • Note:
    • qi1 - vernacular (e.g. 青菜);
    • qing1 - literary.
  • Min Bei
    • Note:
    • cháng - vernacular;
    • chéng - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • chăng - vernacular;
    • chĭng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular;
    • chheng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    Rime
    Character 青
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 青 (125)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 倉經切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰeŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰeŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰɛŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰɛjŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰeŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰieŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰieŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qīng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 青
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsheng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s.r̥]ˁeŋ/
    English green or blue

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 青
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11362
    Phonetic
    component         		生
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		靑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰleːŋ/
    Notes 說文從生丹，戴桐王筠皆雲從丹生聲

    DefinitionsEdit

    青

    1. blue-green; blue (of sky, stone etc.); green (of grass, plants, mountain etc.)
    2. blue-green ("grue")-colored items
    3. black (of hair, cloth, silk thread etc.)
    4. (Min Nan) green
      青紅燈 / 青红灯 [Min Nan]  ―  chheⁿ-âng-teng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  traffic light
    5. luxuriant; lush; exuberant
    6. young; adolescent
    7. east
    8. spring
    9. green grass
    10. ripening crops
    11. Short for 青海 (Qīnghǎi, “Qinghai Province”).
    12. A surname​.
    Usage notesEdit

    The meaning for “blue” and “black” is more commonly used in Classical Chinese, while in modern Chinese, the meaning for “green” is more common. In fact, 青 covered both green and blue ("grue") until modern times. For example, 青山綠水 (“hill or water green in color”), 青蘋果 (“green apple”). However, there are still some expressions for the meaning of blue, e.g. 青天 (“blue sky”), 青出於藍 (“blue comes from indigo; someone performing better than their teacher”)

    In Cantonese, the use of 青 to mean “black” is still used in circumstances where to use 黑 (hak1) would be inauspicious, as it is a near-homophone of 乞 (hat1, “beggar”). For example, 黑衣 (hak1 ji1) used to describe clothing would be a near-homophone of both beggar and a beggar's garment.

    See alsoEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 青

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (青):
    • → Japanese: 青(せい) (sei)

    Others:

    • → Vietnamese: xanh (“green”)

    Etymology 2Edit

    PronunciationEdit

    DefinitionsEdit

    青

    1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鮮／鲜 (chhiⁿ).
      1. fresh
      2. (of clothes) bright; pretty; neat

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    青

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 靑)

    1. blue, bluish-green
    2. immature, unripe, young
    3. publication, record
    4. east
    5. cyan

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    青
    あお
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/

    From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.[1]

    Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨 (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲 (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).

    Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix -ᄉ- (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    青(あお) • (ao)  (kyūjitai 靑, historical kana あを)

    1. blue
      1. one of three primary colors
      2. a shade of blue to blue green
    2. Short for 青信号 (ao-shingō): green (traffic light color, as the color of plants)
      Antonym: 赤 (aka)
    3. the black, bluish color of a horse's hair; also, such a horse
      • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 39)[4]
        Auo. アヲ (青) 馬の毛色で, 全体に黒くて青みがあり, 両耳の内側に多少白いところのあるもの. この部分の毛も他の部分と同じようにすっかり黒い時には, Curo(黒)と呼ばれる.
      Synonym: 青毛 (aoge)
    4. (card games) Short for 青短, 青丹 (aotan): one of the three hanafuda cards bearing a blue 短冊 (tanzaku, “narrow card used for poetry”); a 役 (yaku) of the three aotan cards, worth 3 points
    5. (card games) a blue card in 天正カルタ (Tenshō karuta)
    6. Short for 青本 (aohon): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    7. Short for 青銭 (aosen): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    ProverbsEdit

    See alsoEdit
    Colors in Japanese · 色(いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
         白(しろ) (shiro)      灰(はい)色(いろ) (haiiro),
    鼠(ねずみ)色(いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated)     		     黒(くろ) (kuro)
                 赤(あか) (aka); 深(しん)紅(く) (shinku),
    クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
    紅(べに)色(いろ) (beniiro),
    紅(くれない)色(いろ) (kurenaiiro)     		             オレンジ (orenji),
    橙(だいだい)色(いろ) (daidaiiro); 茶(ちゃ)色(いろ) (chairo),
    褐(かっ)色(しょく) (kasshoku)     		             黄(き)色(いろ) (kiiro); クリーム色(いろ) (kurīmuiro)
                 黄(き)緑(みどり) (kimidori)              緑(みどり) (midori),
    青(あお) (ao) (dated)     		            
                 シアン (shian); 鴨(かも)の羽色(はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)              水(みず)色(いろ) (mizuiro)              青(あお) (ao)
                 菫(すみれ)色(いろ) (sumireiro); 藍(あい)色(いろ) (aiiro),
    インジゴ (injigo)     		             マゼンタ (mazenta); 紫(むらさき) (murasaki)              ピンク (pinku),
    桃(もも)色(いろ) (momoiro)

    PrefixEdit

    青(あお) • (ao-)  (kyūjitai 靑, historical kana あを)

    1. unripe, young
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Proper nounEdit

    青(あお) • (Ao)  (kyūjitai 靑, historical kana あを)

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    青
    せい
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 青 (MC t͡sʰeŋ).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    青(せい) • (sei) 

    1. the color blue

    Proper nounEdit

    青(せい) • (Sei)  (kyūjitai 靑)

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    青
    しい
    Grade: 1
    on’yomi

    Unknown. The reading might be an obscure term from Old Japanese or dialect. The use of the character 青 arises from its 宋音 (sōon, “Song-dynasty pronunciation”).[5]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    青(しい) • (shii)  (kyūjitai 靑)

    1. (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a weasel, and is said to have lived in present-day Fukuoka and Yamaguchi prefectures
    2. (rare, archaic, mythology) a beast that looks like a wolf, and is said to have appeared around Mount Yoshino

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ Thomas Pellard. Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
    4. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
    5. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    青 (eumhun 푸를 청 (pureul cheong))

    1. Alternative form of 靑 (“blue; green”)

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    青: Hán Nôm readings: thanh

    1. green
    2. blue

    ReferencesEdit

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