Appendix:Chimariko word list

Chimariko word list from Dixon (1910):

Dixon (1910)

Notes

The following English-Chimariko and Chimariko-English vocabulary is based on Roland Dixon's notes. To these are added materials from the following sources.

Words marked with an asterisk, *, are from Powers' Tribes of California, pages 474-477, slightly transcribed to conform to the present orthography.

Words marked with a dagger, †, were obtained by Dixon, but are given in identical form by Powers, allowing for the fact that Powers does not distinguish k and q and writes no glottal catches.

Words in parentheses, ( ), were obtained by Dr. A. L. Kroeber from the informant Friday in 1902.

Words in brackets, [ ], are from Doctor Tom, an old feeble-minded Chimariko at Hupa, in 1901 and 1902. Many of the more common words, having been obtained by Dr. Kroeber in a form identical with that recorded by Dixon, are not separately given.

Words marked with § were obtained by Dr. P. E. Goddard from Mrs. Noble, a daughter of Mrs. Dyer, in 1902. A considerable number of other words also obtained by Dr. Goddard, in a form identical with that recorded by Dr. Kroeber or the writer, are not specially marked.

(Incorporates public-domain text from Dixon 1910)

Word list

English gloss	Chimariko
abalone	sulhim
abandon	-txax-
accompany	-sim-
acorn	yūtri, (tcxnpun)
acorn (black oak)	[(muni)]
acorn bread	tcĕneu
acorn meal (leached)	pāci
acorn meal (unleached)	yōma
acorn-soaking place	matcīya
acorn soup	hâpēu
acorn (shelled)	ihitci
across-stream	tcem-da
again	(tabum)
alder	pakto’ᴇna
alive	-mamat-
all	(kumitcin) †
alone	pola
angry	-awè-
ankle	hi-kxanlèdĕ, hi-txanlede
ant (black)	pèlo’a
ant (red)	t’amitcxul
antlers	ho-wec
anus	hi-wi
arm	hi-tanpu, [hi-tcanpu], hi-tcanpo*
armpit	cilēitcūmuni
armor	t’ummi
arrow	sa’a
arrow flaker	atcibuksa
arrowpoint	qāku
ashes	matripxa, matripa
aunt (paternal)	ulūida-i (?)
aunt (maternal)	mālai-i, mūtala-i
autumn	asōdiwukni, nomatci*
awl	cibui
axe	haimuksa, hamuktcu*
baby	xarŭlla, xalŭla, (xalala), halalla*
back	hi-mina
bad	xuli, holi-ta*
bark (of tree)	hi-pxadji, hi-patci*
to bark	wowoin
basket-hat	haōmiŭksa (haamiaktca)
basket (burden)	sangen, (eānkeen)
basket (cooking)	poquela
basket (mortar)	hā’eu
basket (open tray)	powa
basket (sifting)	atanisuk
basket (spoon)	kalŭwĕè
basket (storage)	(opumaktca)
basket (tray)	p’unna
bat	tcemxatcila
bachelor	puntsariĕcku, ōĕlŭlla
beads (disk)	mendrahĕ
bear (black)	tcisamra, (djicamla), [djisamara], tcisamrha*
bear (grizzly)	pâdju, (potcu)
beard	(hu-putcu-n-xame), [ha-budju-n-xami], o-putcun-hama*
beaver	wisilla
bed	hatciinarutsa
beetle	qō’a
belly	hu-trunèu, (hu-tceneu), u-tcuniwa*
belt	hi-ca’amatat
to bend	-koru-
bird	(di’la), tirha*
bitter	hemūdadjan
black	tcĕlēi, tceli-t*
blackberry	xamoana
blackbird	tira-cela, tēila-tcele
blanket	tcitxa
to bleed	södrè-
blind	-sukxomen, -xosanmun
blood	sötri, citrqi, sitsö*
to blow	-hus-, -xuc-, -kos-, -xu-
blue (?—cf. blood)	sötĕ’i
bluebird	ipūitella
bluejay	tsokokotce
board	ho’ĕu
to boil	-potpot-, -dum-
bone	hu-txun
born	-dah-
bow	xâpunĕu
boy	itrilla, itcila †
brain	hi-ni
to break	-kat-, -tcex-, -xötös-
breast	hu-si*
breast (woman’s)	sī’lēye, sirhaf †, [cīda]
to breathe	-saxut-
to bring	-hak-, -hek-
brother	ulūida
brother-in-law	meku-i
buckeye	yonot
buckskin	tcirhuntol
to burn	-ni-, -maa-
to bury	-tot-
butterfly	tsamila
button	hi-punaktca
buzzard	tcètcèi
by and by	punuslala, xani, tamini
to call	-kō-, -kokō-
cane	hutatat
canoe	mūtumma, motuma*
to carry	-mai-, -ham-, -qi-, -xŭ-
caterpillar	xawin, qawin
cats-cradle	axādēu
cedar	hâtsinaktca, hâtinaktsana
chair	hi-woanadatsa
chaparral	puktca’ᴇna, axacna
cheek	hu-tananundjatun
to chew	-tcatci-
chief	itra-xai-dēu, itci-haitie*
Chimariko	(tcimaliko)
chin	tsuna, wĕtu
chipmunk	pipila, wisilla (?)
civet cat	kakesmillaᵉ
to clap hands	-putata
clean	mata’i
to clear (weather)	-tcemux-
to climb	-ar-
clock	ixodaktca
cloud	hawēdam, [āwetama], (awatamaxni)
clover	kâtcu
coals	kōwa
cold	eco-, (xatsa), eso-ta*
comb	tanatci
to comb	-kma-
to comb	-watok-, -wok-, -owak
to cough	-sax-
cousin	antxala-i
country	ama
coyote	tcitindōsa, (maidjandela), [maidjandera]
cradle	wentcu
crane	kisum, kâsar
crayfish	trxol
crooked	p’qĕlĕ’in
crow	wa’da, wa’la
to cry	-wo-
cup and ball	hītcumūdadehu
to cut	-kut-, -lolo-
to dance	-samxu-
daughter	masola-i, maisula-i*
daughter-in-law	tcu-simda
day	assĕ,† [asi]
deaf	hukēnan
deep	tcuxunmin (?)
deer	ā’a, aa*
deer (buck)	(xuwetci)
deer (doe)	(yetcawe)
deer brush	qapuna
deer trap	haxaktca
to dent	-kxol-, -tran-
dentalia	hatcidri, t’ödödöhi [(ahateu)]
“devil” (prob. sorcerer)	himisanto, (himisamtu)
dew	qoido
to die	-qè-
to dig	-po-, -tsik-
digging-stick	tsunana
to dip up	-hedo- (?)
dirty	tcelĕ’in
to dismount	-ap-
dog	citcella, sitcela †
door	wĕssa
dove	yūura
downwards	tranmida
down stream	wisèda
to drag	-tcxē-
dragonfly	hitcinemnem
to dream	-maka-
to drink	lū-
to drive	-sik-
to drop	-lul-, -lus-, -lurim-
to drown	-tcuk- (?)
drum	hisamquni
dry	atcxumni
duck	xaxatcèi, hahatce* (= mallard)
dull	tono’i
dust	matcitsxol, matrepa
eagle	wemer, tcāwitcau, (djāwidjau)
ear	hi-sam, hi-cam*
earth	[ama]†
earthquake	amitcxamut
east	up stream, waida, (waida)
to eat	-ama-, -ma-
eddy	apenmaspoi
eel (lamprey)	tsāwa
egg	anōqai, amoka*
eight	xodaitcibum, hotaitcipum
elder tree	tcitcxöi
eleven	pundrāsut, saānpun punlasut
elk	ā’eno, aanok*
empty	hutcolanan
evening	himok*
everything	patcimam (?)
excrement	hi-wax
eye	hu-sot, hu-cot*
eyebrow	hu-sotnimi
eyelashes	hu-sunsa
face	hi-suma*
to fall	-man-, -mo-, -klu-
fat (n.)	pī’a
fat (adj.)	-xu-
father	itcila-i †
father-in-law	tcu-maku
feather	hu-to, hi-mi †
fern	tèutèuna
to fight	-tcxua-
to find	-mat-
finger	hi-ta, hi-tra, (hi-tca), hi-tcanka*
fingernail	bolaxot, (bulaxut)
fir	kīpi’ina, (kimpina)
fire	ā’pu, apu*
to make fire	-cekta-, hatsir
fire-drill	apū’ᴇna, hâtsiktca
fire-drill base	apū’natxui
fireplace	akamina ā’pu
fish line	hook, hamamēgutca
fish net	atcxū
fish trap	weir, tsāt
fisher	qèpxamitcèi
five	tsānehe, tranĕhĕ
to fix	-mu-
flat	river-bench, maitra
flea	t’amina
to float	-kim- (?)
floor	wèboqām
flower	atrēi
fly	mūsaswa, mūsotri, mosotce*
to fly	-tu-
fog	āptum
to follow	-sum-
food	hāmeu
foot	hu-po †
forehead	hi-mosni,† [hi-muclei]
to forget	-xomē-
four	qūigu, qōigu
fox	tcitcamŭlla, apxantcolla, haura*
friend	[imikot], imi-mut (=love)
frog	qâtus, (axantcibot)
full	hitcolam
to gamble	-wemtso-
girl	puntsŭla, puntcalla*
to give	-hak- (?), awu-t*
to go	-a-, -wam-, -waum-, -wawum-, -owa-
good	hisikni, (hisiki-), hisi-ta*
goose	lâlo, lalo*
gooseberry	tselina
gopher	yūmatc
grandfather (paternal)	xāwila-i
grandson	himolla-i
grass	hawunna, (āwuna), kotcu*
grass-game	hēumakutca
grasshopper	tsatur, tsatul
grass-seed	qōmma
green	himamto, (īmamcu), himamsu-t*
grouse	himimitcēi
to grow	-itri-
hair	hi-ma †
hand	hi-ta, hi-tra, hi-tca*
to hang	-kim-
happy (?)	tcumidan
hard	tcaxi
hawk	yĕkyĕk, pētcxol
hazel	hecigo
he	hamut
head	hi-ma †
to hear	-kē-
heart	hu-sā’antcēi, (hu-santcei), u-santce*
heavy (?)	tcumidan
heel	inōŏkta§
hemlock	xutcxu
here	this side of stream, kĕntcuk
to hiccup	lē-
to hide	-txat-
high	hitcūᴇni
to hit	-at-
to hold	-imu-
honey	hūwūanŭkai§
hornet	husū
hot	elo-, (eloxni), elo-ta*
house	āwa †
how long	far, qâitcu
how many	qâtala
how often	qătramdun
hummingbird	qērektce, trēlektcēi
to be hungry	-ame-, -amemtu-
Hupa person	hitcxū
Hupa place	hitcwāmai
Hyampom people	maitroktada hitcuāmai
i	nōut
ice	hatcen, atci*
intestines	hi-pxa
into	xunoi (?)
to jump	-tudu
to keep	-kut-
to kick	-mitci- =with foot
to kill	-ko-
kingfisher	tsādadak
knee	hi-txanimaxa, [hi-txanemaxa]
to kneel	-komat- (?)
knife	tcisili, tcididi, tceselli*
to know	-trahu-
ladder	ha’amputni
lake	tcitaha
lame	hōakta-xolik
large	trèwu-t, (djewu), tceu-t*
to laugh	-yatci- †
leaf	hi-taxai, tahalwi*
left hand	xuli-teni
leg	hi-txan, hi-tal*
to lick	-pen-, -hen-
to lie on ground	-tcu
light	tcxalĕn
lightning	itckasĕlxun, hitckeselsel-ta*
to like	-mi’inan-
to listen	-cem-
liver (?)	hu-ci. See breast
lizard	taktcel
lizard (red)	hīminiduktsa
log	sâmu
long	hitcun
long ago	cul, cur, [diramda], (dilamda)
to lose	-licxu-, lülüxē-
low	hutculan (?)
madrone	ētxolna, [hetxolna], (hetcxolna)
to make	-xai-
man	itri, itci*
many	much, ĕta, (hitat), itat*
manzanita	tcitcana, tcitci
manzanita-cider	tcitciaqai
maple	trūpxadji’ina, ipxadji’ina
to marry	-tcum-
marten	xunēri, qāpam
to mash	-lot-
meat (dried)	pititcxun
to meet	-hayaqom-
milk	cīra, ci’ila
mink	hunēri (?—see marten)
mistletoe	hâkilasaqam
moccasin	pa, ipa †
mole	tsabokor, xosanmu
moon	hīmen ălla,† [hīmi-n-ala]
morning	himetasur, himetacus*
morning star	munoiĕta
mortar	kā’a
mosquito	tsĕlēye
moss	hikīina
mother	cido-i, sito-i*
mother-in-law	tcu-makosa
mountain	awu,† aumiya, [āma]
mountain-lion	tcerāsmu, [tcidasmu]
mouse	pusudr
mouth	ha-wa,† [ha-wa]
mud	lâdido
narrow	xē’iren
navel	ho-napu
nest	hemut
nephew	micaku-i, himolla-i
nest	hemut
new	amaninhu
niece	himolla-i
night	hime, himokni, [hīmi]
nine	puntcigu
no	pātcigun, (pātcikun), patcut*
to nod	-pukim-, -pupul-
noon	hīmoqanan
north (west?)	xunoida
nose	ho-xu
nowhere	amaidātciku
oak (black)	mūne’ᴇna, (munena)
oak (live)	hepūitci’ina (hepetcina)
oak (poison)	xaxecna
oak (tan-bark)	yūtxūina
oak (white)	yaqāna
oats (wild)	aqĕdēu
ocean	aquarēda, aka-tceta*
old	xawini, hahawin-ta*
old maid	itrīdŭsku, amālŭlla
old man	itrincŭlla
old woman	cunhŭlla
one	pun, p’un
onion	sāpxi
orphan	tcisumula
otter	ĕxoitcēi, [haiokwoitce]
outside	himinatce (?)
owl	tcukutcei, hâra
paddle	hiāsmaigutca
“pain”	qēhewa
to paint	-poxolxol-
to pay	-daigu-
penis	hi-pel, [hi-bele]
pepperwood	watcel
person	tcimar,† tcimal, [djimar], (tcimal)
pestle	tcesundan
pigeon	yanunūwa, yanunwa*
to pinch	-puimuk-
pine (digger)	hatc’hō, hatco, ᴇna
pine (sugar)	haqēwinda
pine (sugar	cones), (haqeu), [haikeu]
pine (yellow)	xōsu, hosu*
pipe	onīpa †
pitch	āno’a
to play	-pim-
to poke	-pat-
poor	xodalan
potato (wild)	sāwu, qāwal, ā’asawi, sanna
to pour	-qo-
pretty	siga
to pull	-tcxet-, -tcxa-
to push	-whek-
quail (mountain)	pisor, pisol
quail (valley)	qadakin pisor
quickly	welmu welèni, luredja
quiver	hâsusakta
rabbit (cottontail)	hīwinolam
rabbit (jack)	hēmoxola, emoholla*
raccoon	yĕtō’a, [yeteiwa]
rain	hītak, itak-ta*
rainbow	trexanmatcxū
rat	patusu
rattle (split)	hĕmuimektsa
rattle (cocoon)	pātcxal
rattlesnake	qāwu, kawu-tcane*
to recover	-nook-
red	wili’ī, wili-t*
redwood	mutumana
to remember	-xutaxun-
rich	hitam, -hada-
right hand	hisi-dĕni
ripe	hōmat
river	aqaqot
to roast	-maq-
robin	srīto, cītra
roe	hi-txaiyi
to roll	-k-
root	ātci
rope	atcxundĕ
rough	nodaduhni
round	nolle
to rub	-xiaxe-
to run	-mum-
salmon	ūmul, omul*
salmon (dog)	(djeida)
salmon (hook-bill)	(bitcoqolmu)
salmon (red)	masomas
salmon (steelhead)	(acotno-umul)
salmon (summer)	(umul-tcani)
salmon (dried	crumbled), tsamma
salmon-river people	hūnomitcku
salmon-trout	heetsama
salt	aqi, aki*
sand	amayāqa
sarvisberry	tcimiana
saw	hī-uxigutca
to say	-pa, -patci-
scorpion (?—see crayfish)	tcisitcin, txol
to scowl	-suta-
to scrape	-xēdo-
to scratch	-kirkir-, -xolgo-
to see	-mam-
to sell	-tciwa-
seven	xâkuspom, qâqicpom
shade	qatrāta
to shake	-lucluc-
shallow	txodĕhunmi
shaman	tcōwu, (tcūu)
sharp	cupui
shell	ĕxèu
shell (conical)	tcanapa
to shiver	-nini-
to shoot	-pū-
short	xūitculan
shoulder	hi-ta
to sing	-tak-
sister (older)	antxasa-i
sister-in-law	maxā-i
to sit	-tcit-, -wo-, -pat-
six	p’untcibum, p’untcpom
skin	hi-pxadji
skirt (woman’s)	hiĕktcandēu (?), ōxwai
skunk	pxicira, [pīcui]
sky	tcĕmu †
slave	habukēdēu
to sleep	-po-
to slide	-sâp-, -sâpho-
sling	hi-mīgutca
to slip	-klu-
slowly	xowēnila
small	ulēta
smoke	qē
to smoke	-pa-
smoke hole	āpotcitpidaktca
smooth	lūyuin
snail	nixetai
snake (king)	mamusi
to sneeze	-ninxu-
to snore	-xâtudu
snow	hipūi, hipue*
snowshoes	hīpui īpa, panna
soft	lo’oren
something	pātceamkū
son	oĕlla-i, oalla-i*
son-in-law	itcumda
soot	nagotpi
sour	qoiyŏin
south	qadaida
spear	hâsunwedēu
spear (fish)	hohankutēu, altar
spider	kwanpūtcikta
spiderweb	kō’okoda
to spill	-qox-
to spit	-haihu-
to split	-bis-
spoon	wĕcnaqalne, sāpxel
spotted	lētretrē
a spring	cidŭlla, (aqa-xatsa)
spring	kisumatci, kicumatci*
square	hoqatā’ᴇni
to squeeze	-tci-
squirrel (gray)	akwēcur, [akuitcut]
squirrel (ground)	ta’ira
to stand	-hoa-, -hâ-
star	munu, mono*
star (falling)	munūtumni
to stay	-wo-, -wom-
to steal	-xadj-
stepfather	matrida
to stink	-mitcxu-
stone	qā’a, kaa*
to stop	-txa-
straight	hādohan
to strike	-tcut-
striped	qisöi, ēxaduqisman
strong	pala
sturgeon	(umul-itcawa)
sucker	hētcespula
summer	ahānmatci, ahenmatci*
sun	alla,† ŭlla, [asi-n-ala]
sunflower seed	tcintcēi
sunrise	ĕxatatkun
sunset	hīwohunmi
to swallow	-sek-
swallow	tumtitĕlla
swamp	hixut, cita
sweathouse	matta
sweet	hiqūini
to swim	-xū-
table	hāma’anaksia
tail	aqūye
to talk	-kō-, -gō-
tattoo	hekotēu
to tear	-tra-, -xata-
tears	hu-so’xa
teeth	hu-tsu †
ten	sānpun
that	pāmut, pāut, pât
thick	pepe’in
thief	ixagutca
thigh	hi-tcipe
thin	tqĕ’erin
this	qēwot, qât
thou	mamut
three	xodai, hotai
to throw	-su-, -sux-
thumb	hi-tcitceta*
thunder	tremūmūta, trĕmamutcēu, [djememoxtcei], tcimumuta*
to tie	-wuqam-
tinder	hauna
tobacco	ūwu †
today	kimāse, asse †
tomorrow	himĕda, himĕta †
tongs	isekdādiu
tongue	hi-pen †
to touch	-na-
trail	hissa
tree	āt’a (?), atsa*
trout	trāwel, (tcawal)†
tumpline	himā’idan, kâsusū
to twist	-pxel-
two	xoku, qâqū
uncle (maternal or paternal)	magola-i
under	tcumu (?), wisē§
unripe	xomanat
up	(-tso, wiemu)
urine	e-quc
vagina	e-qā
valley	hitcxāeni (?), maitcitcam*
village	āwitat, tcimāretanama †
to vomit	-haima-
to wake	-suhni-
warrior	hētcwat
to wash	-pok-
to watch	-xota
water	ā’ka, āqa, aka*
waterfall	āqamatcitsxol
water ouzel	pāsindjaxola
we	nātcidut, nōutowa, tcīgule
weak	lāpukni
wedge	tranper
wet	cidji’in
what	pātci, qâtci
when	qâsukmatci
where	qōmalu, (qosi)
to whip	-nuwec-
to whistle	-xū-
white	mĕne’i, mene*
white man	tcimtŭkta, (djemduakta)
whiskey	(apu-n-aqa)
who	qomas, komas,* awilla
why	kosidaji
wide	xerē’in
widow	lasa
widow (remarried)	yapada§
widower	mamutxū (?)
wife (my)	puntsar-iĕ, (punsal-i), puntcar-hi*
wildcat	tagnir, tragnil, hicūmaxutcŭlla
willow	pātc’xu
wind	ikosē-ta, ikosiwa*
window	hisūsamdaksia
wing	utū,† hu-tu
to wink	-raprap-, -laplap-
winter	asōdi, asuti*
Wintun	pātcxuai
to wish	-tcxūū, -tcai- (?)
Wiyot (?)	aqatrēduwaktada
Wiyot at Arcata	qataiduwaktada
wolf	cītciwi, sitciwi*
woman	puntsar
wood	pusūa †
woodpecker	konanatcēi, tcuredhu, (dedima), [dirima], (tculeti)
wood tick	tsina
to work	-pu-
worm	hĕmuta
to yawn	-xaca-
ye	qākule
yellowhammer	tsēyamen, trīyamen, (tciaman)
yellowjacket	xōwu
yes	himō,† [(himō, hiye)]
yesterday	mō’a, moo*
young	āmanitri, amaniti-ta

Place names

English name	Chimariko name
Taylor Flat	tcītcanma [djitcanma]
Cedar Flat	hâdinaktcohâda
Burnt Ranch	tsūdamdadji [djidāmadadji]
Hawkin’s Bar	hamaidadji [amaitadji]
Dyer’s ranch	itcxaposta
Patterson’s	paktōnadji [baktunadji]
Thomas’	maidjasōre
Forks of New River	qaiyausmūdji
New River City	qo’ōmĕniwinda
Willow Creek	hītūtaidji
Big Bar	citimāādji
Weaverville	hisaēmu
New River	tcolīdasum [djalintasun, djalitasom]
Big Creek	hīmēaqutce
Trinity River	tcitra
Hoboken	sitjiwāqai
South Fork Trinity River	hātcugidjĕ
Summerville	maitotöudji
Jordan’s	maidolēda
Cecilville	maidjatcūdjĕ
Yocumville	maidjahūtcula
Bennett’s	ātcugidjĕ
Hyampom	tranqōma
Big Flat	tcintxapmu [djundxapmu]
Salt Ranch	āqitcĕ [aikidje]
Mad River	[xawaamai]
Hupa, village at foot of valley	(amitsihedji) [amitsepi]
Hupa, village below Ferry	[hobetadji]
Hupa, Hostler village	(xaumtadji)
Hupa, Captain John’s village	[(mutuma-dji)]
Hupa, village at head of valley	[(neradji)]

Unidentified place names mentioned by Doctor Tom to Dr. A. L. Kroeber:

• amimamuco
• hikdadji
• kaimandot
• itcikut
• itcui
• hoxudji
• sutadji
• hisitsaidje
• huwitadji
• qaetxata
• yaqanadji
• amatceledji
• itsutsatmidji
• agaxtceadji
• baktunadji
• hisaadamu
• xoraxdu
• hutsutsaiedje
• ciloki
• kokomatxami