Gloss |
Proto-Utian |
Proto-Costanoan |
Proto-Southern Costanoan |
Proto-Miwok |
Proto-Sierra Miwok |
Proto-Eastern Miwok |
Proto-Western Miwok
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abalone |
*hasˑyn ? |
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abdomen |
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*piˑti, *pitˑi |
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ablative case |
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*-tu |
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*{-mˑy} |
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above |
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*riˑni(h), *rinˑi(h) |
*tapre-j |
*liˑle |
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abuse, to |
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*čaˑm-y |
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accursed |
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*ʔekte |
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ache, to |
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*kaˑji |
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acorn flour |
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*kawˑa-n |
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acorn soup or bread |
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*ṣetne-n |
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*nypˑa- |
*ʔyle- |
*ʔulki
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acrid |
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*tep-tep |
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Adam’s apple |
*myʔˑyṭ-(ˑ)a- |
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add on, to (again) |
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*ʔaˑj |
*ʔaj-ki- |
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adj.-noun suf. |
*-me |
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*-e |
*-ma-, *-ṭY- |
*-la- |
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adj. suffix |
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*-(ṣ)i-, *-ṭˑe-, *-Cˑi- |
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adverbial case |
*-yj |
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advise, to |
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*monṣe |
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adv. suf. |
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*-ˑč |
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afflict (illness) |
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*peṭˑe |
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afraid, to be |
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*helaj-ne |
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after |
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*topˑa
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again |
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*ʔaˑj |
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agentive |
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*{-ʔˑa-} |
*-ṭak, *-ak
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agentive. (instrumental) |
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*-nˑi |
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ahead |
*hojˑu ? |
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alder tree |
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*sotˑum |
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all |
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*ʔaˑj |
*toˑko-, *ʔajtu- |
*ṣokˑe-, *ṣykˑe- |
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allative case |
*-to |
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alone |
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*kenˑe |
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always |
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*nuna- |
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andative |
*-jˑi |
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*-na |
*-te-, *-ṭi ? |
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andative imv. |
*-sy-, *-s, *jˑi |
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*-aH-n |
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angleworm |
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*keˑṣu-, *keˑsy- |
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angry |
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*ʔyṣyˑ-ṭa- |
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animal suffix |
*-wa |
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*-ma-ṭi- |
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animate |
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*-h, *-min, *-n, *-ni- |
*...kan |
*-ja |
*-ˑwi-?, *-CˑV- ? |
*-na- |
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animate plural |
*-jˑa |
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another |
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*numa
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ant |
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*poškuj-min? |
*ʔotˑow |
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*ṭisiˑnaj ? |
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antelope |
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*haˑlu-ṣ |
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antler(s) |
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*čiˑri |
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*kilˑi |
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anus |
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*kynat.-ˑa- |
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anything |
*ṭ? |
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*tinˑy- |
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appear, to |
*mi(n) *ma(n) ‘it |
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*ʔatˑa ʔatˑe |
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*lak-ṣy-, *miˑy-ksy- |
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approach, to |
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*hajˑe- |
*haje-m-pa-, *ʔynyˑ-pa-, *ʔyny-pˑa- |
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arise, to |
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*ʔitma |
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*talˑi |
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arm |
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*paˑčan |
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*tawlik
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armpit(s) |
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*kakpul, *kakpus |
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arrive, to |
*hyˑja, *hyˑwa |
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arrow |
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*lanta
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arrowhead |
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*kiˑe-, *siṭˑik(ˑ)iniwa- |
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*čiˑča
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as(like) |
*kaṭu, *katu |
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ashamed |
*ʔuj(ˑ)a |
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ashes |
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*joˑko |
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*jymˑi? |
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*sikˑe- |
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ash tree |
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*panˑa-ṣ |
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ask for, to |
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*raṣˑe |
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augmentative |
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*-ˑli |
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*-ṭˑi-, *-ṭi-, *-ˑṭi-? |
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aunt (mat.) |
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*ʔanˑa-knis |
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*ʔanˑis |
*toˑmu- |
*ʔamko, *ʔamoˑko, *ʔola-čˑi
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aunt (pat.) |
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*ʔen(ˑ)e- |
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avoid offence |
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*čokaj-ŋe- |
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awake |
*ʔaw-si |
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awl |
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*čylˑa |
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baby |
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*ʔečelˑy |
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back (of body) |
*lumˑa, *luˑma |
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*keˑwy- |
*kyčyj |
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backpack |
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*ṭyjyˑ-ma |
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back up, to |
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*kynˑe |
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bad |
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*ʔekṭe |
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*ʔyṣˑy- |
*ʔomu
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bake, to |
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*husˑu |
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*hinep-na- |
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*hupˑa, *hupˑu
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bald |
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*ṭak..., *tak… |
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ball, to play |
*počku ? |
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bank |
*čoˑk, *čoˑko |
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bark, to |
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*šajˑa |
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bark (tree) |
*sim(ˑ)e, *ṣim(ˑ)e |
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base, behind |
*ʔit. … |
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bashful |
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*ʔoja-ṣ
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basket (acorns, seeds) |
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*čakˑa- |
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basket (Sp. batea) |
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*tiprin |
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basket (burden) |
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*čiˑkel, *čikˑel |
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basket (cooking) |
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*pulak-ˑa- |
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basket, cradle |
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*hiki |
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basket, dipper |
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*pulis-ˑa- |
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basket, small |
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*sotˑon |
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basket, storage |
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*ṣiˑwen |
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*ʔulˑit. |
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basket, winnowing |
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*warṣi-n |
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*hetˑal |
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bat (animal) |
*ṣim... |
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*ṭ/tipiˑsi-si |
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bathe, to |
*ʔel... |
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*ʔyp-ṣy |
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be, to |
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*-ˑe- |
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be located, to |
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*roˑte |
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*ʔuˑču- |
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beach |
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*kaw… |
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beads |
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*maˑṣe(h) |
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*hoˑwot. *howˑot |
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beak, bill |
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*huˑk *hukˑu |
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bear |
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*ʔore-ṣ |
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*kule
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bear, grizzly |
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*ʔyṣyˑ-ma-ṭi |
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beard |
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*heˑjek/s |
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beat, to |
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*haṭˑa |
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*mylˑa |
*ṭak-ja- |
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become, to |
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*-pu-ṣnu-, *-tu-ṣnu- |
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bed |
*ˑeˑṭ, *ˑet. ˑy |
*tokˑo-h |
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*jaˑŋa- |
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bedrock |
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*talpas/ṣ |
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begin, to |
*hojˑu ? |
*munˑi |
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behind, base |
*ʔitṭ… |
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belch, to |
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*hyʔse- |
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believe, to |
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*hyʔi-, *hyʔi- |
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belly |
*puṭˑul, *puṭlu |
*hutˑu, *piˑti, *pitˑi |
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*loto- |
*puluk
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below |
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*ʔaˑla |
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benefactive |
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*-nY |
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berries (coffee) |
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*loʔˑo |
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bet, to |
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*hyˑk-y |
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big |
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*wetˑel |
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*ʔyṭˑi |
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bighorn |
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*haˑlu-ṣ |
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bird |
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*čič... |
*mile, *mele
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birth, to give |
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*ʔeseˑ-ly- |
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bite, to |
*ʔyˑs-y, *ʔys-? |
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*kaṣˑe |
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*jylˑy- |
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bitter |
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*kahˑa |
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*tep-tep |
*ček-ček, *sek-sek |
*kaj-kaj
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black |
*mulu- |
*ṣoklo, *ṣolko |
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*kulu- |
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blackberry |
*ʔinˑa-n ? |
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blackbird (Brewer) |
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*čap… |
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blackbird (redwing) |
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*kulja-n |
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black widow |
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*pokˑum |
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blanket |
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*tolˑi-, *tonˑi- |
*jypti- |
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blaze |
*jul… |
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bleed, to |
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*kičaw |
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blind, to be |
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*pelˑe |
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blink, to |
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*činpy-., *pel-. |
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block, to |
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*maˑhi |
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*katˑa- |
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blood |
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*pajˑa-n |
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*kičˑaw |
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blow, to |
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*henˑa |
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blow (mouth) |
*puṣel, *puˑṭe |
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blow (wind) |
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*kanmy |
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blow nose, to |
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*sinak |
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bluebird |
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*čiwkol |
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blue bird sp. |
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*ʔašit |
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blue jay |
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*ṭajiṭ, *ṭajič, *ṣajič ? |
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boat |
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*sak(ˑ)as |
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body |
*ʔam(ˑ)a |
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*miwˑe-ʔa- |
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body part suf. |
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*-kal, *-tal |
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boil, to |
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*lowˑa- |
*loṭˑa- |
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bone |
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*tajˑi |
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*kyčˑyč |
*kulum
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born, to be |
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*mokˑo |
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borrow, to |
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*henˑi- |
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bounce, to |
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*ṭowṣe-, *ṭowṣu- |
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bow |
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*lawa-n |
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*tanukˑa- |
*koˑno
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boy |
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*čali-, *naŋˑa-tˑi- |
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*heˑna-ṣ
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brag about, to |
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*hyʔˑi-, *hyˑʔi- |
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braid hair |
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*ṭoṭ-, *ṭaṭ- |
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brains |
*lup… |
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bread (acorn) |
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*čipˑa
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break, to |
*ʔat.-, *ʔot.- |
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*koṭˑa |
*taṣ- |
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break (string) |
*sot..., *sat… |
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break by itself |
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*kot.-ˑu-ŋˑe- |
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break in two |
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*ʔalˑe |
*jytˑy, *jytˑa, *koṭˑa, *ṭupˑu-. |
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break off, to |
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*koṭ-, *pej-, *poj- |
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*tep-wa- |
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break s.t., to |
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*kap-ku?, *koṭˑa |
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break wind, to |
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*ṣiwˑe |
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*holak
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break wind noisily, to |
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*kyn-ṣy |
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breakfast, eat |
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*mul-tu |
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breast(s) |
*muˑs, *muˑṣ ? |
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breath |
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*hena |
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breathe, to |
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*noṣwe |
*henˑa |
*hen-si- |
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bring, to |
*(h)ynˑy. |
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brother (older) |
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*takˑa |
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*ʔat(ˑ)a |
*taˑči- |
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brother (yr.) |
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*tawṣi |
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*čale- |
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brush |
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*limˑe |
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brush, smoke |
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*pajwa |
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bubble, to |
*pok- ? |
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buckeye |
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*ʔuˑnu |
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buckthorn |
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*loʔˑo- |
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build, to |
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*ʔokja ʔokje |
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bullhead |
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*ṣoko ?
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bumblebee |
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*toˑjo-h |
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burn, to |
*hyl-si, *jul..., *wyˑk-y- |
*ʔahji |
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*wyl-ki- |
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burn to ashes |
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*jokˑo-ni |
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burned |
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*koˑm |
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burr |
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*hylˑa-la- |
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burst, to |
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*pak-ṭy, *pak-ṭe, *puṭ-ṣu, *puṭ-ṣe |
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bury, to |
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*tunˑe |
*pira |
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*hamˑe- |
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*ʔalˑe
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bush, brush |
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*čaw(ˑ)il |
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*čaku ?
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but |
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*men, *menu
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butterfly |
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*šiwluluk? |
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*hol(ˑ)o... |
*woloˑlok
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buttocks |
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*koˑwi |
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buy, to |
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*tiwˑa |
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buzz |
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buzzard |
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*ṭujlu-n, *ṭutlu-n |
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*huˑṣu- ? |
*čyˑṣy- |
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call, to |
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*haˑwa |
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*jejˑa, *jajˑu |
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can (modal) |
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*-nˑi |
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cane (walking) |
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*čiˑjas |
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*sija- |
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*keja
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care of, to take |
*(h)ajˑe ? |
*ʔut.(ˑ)as- |
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careful, to be |
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*hajˑa-po-kṣu- |
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carrot (wild) |
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*jum(ˑ)ut |
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carry, to |
*paṭy |
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catch fire, to |
*wyˑk-y |
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catch up, to |
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*nak-pa |
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catfish |
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*ṣoko ?
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cattail |
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*haˑle |
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causative |
*-kˑy, *-nˑu-, *-py |
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caus., invol. |
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*na |
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caus., med. pas. |
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*-mpi < **-n-pi |
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cave |
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*holˑaw |
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cedar/cypress |
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*moˑnuk ? |
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change, to |
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*pyṣ iˑ-ly |
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charcoal, coals |
*kuˑs(a), *kusˑa |
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*kulˑa- |
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chase, to |
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*ʔoṭwe |
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*ʔenpu-, *ʔonpu- |
*haˑˑ..., *haˑt...
|
cheek(s) |
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*ṭamˑV-ṣˑ, *ṭaˑmV-ṣ |
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chest (body part) |
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*tuˑkaj |
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*nysyˑ-li-? |
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*tena
|
chew, to |
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*ṭikaˑ |
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*čiwˑa-? |
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chew on bone |
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*kyč-my- |
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chia |
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*patˑi-h |
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chief |
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|
|
*hajaˑ-po |
|
|
|
child |
|
*ṣinˑi, *ṣiˑni |
|
|
*ʔesˑe-, *ʔeselˑy- |
|
*ʔelaj
|
chills |
|
|
|
*liwˑuṭ |
|
|
|
chin |
|
|
|
*hewˑe |
|
|
|
chipmunk |
|
|
|
|
*pisu- |
|
|
choke, to |
|
*čiˑnu |
|
|
|
|
|
clap hands, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭampa- ? |
|
claw |
*ṭiˑs, *ṭiˑsy |
*tuˑr, *tuˑri-š |
|
|
|
|
|
clay (white) |
|
*hupˑa(k) |
|
|
|
|
|
clear (sky) |
|
|
|
|
|
*helak, *wyˑče-, *wyčˑe(k) |
|
clear (water) |
|
|
|
|
|
*kywyw-ˑi- |
|
clear up, to |
|
|
|
|
*helaˑk-y- |
|
|
cliff, clod |
*čoˑk čoˑko |
|
|
|
|
|
|
climb, to |
|
*hope |
|
*ʔetˑy *ʔetˑu |
|
|
|
close, to |
|
|
*maˑhi |
|
*katˑa- |
|
*witˑen, *wetˑen
|
close eyes, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*činpy- |
|
close mouth, to |
*mympy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
cloud |
*meˑč..., *miˑč... |
*moˑṭo ? |
|
|
*ʔoˑpa |
|
|
cloud up, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔopaˑ-ty- |
|
|
clover |
|
*roˑreh |
|
|
|
*kokˑač |
*kaˑli-ṣ
|
clover, sour |
|
|
|
|
*ṣakṣam |
|
|
coals, charcoal |
*kuˑs(a), *kusˑa |
|
|
|
|
*kulˑa- |
|
coals (live) |
|
*joˑko |
|
|
|
|
|
coffee berries |
|
|
|
|
|
*loʔˑo- |
|
coil baskets, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*čyˑl-y- |
|
cold |
*ṭiˑs- ? |
*kawˑi, *kawˑe, *ṭahsa- |
|
|
|
|
|
come! |
|
*ha(ˑ)ju |
|
|
|
|
|
come, to |
*(h)ynˑy |
*waˑ-te |
|
|
|
|
|
come out, to |
|
*ʔiˑje, *ʔiˑji |
|
|
|
|
|
com. Case |
*-ṭu |
|
|
|
|
|
*-ni
|
condor |
|
|
*wasˑaka |
*molˑuk ? |
|
|
|
continue, to |
|
|
|
|
*menoˑk-u- |
|
|
continuative |
*-ksy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
cook, to |
|
|
|
|
*hinep-na- |
|
|
cooked, ripe |
|
*hiwˑu-ṣ-te |
|
*kili, *ṭoˑm |
*hinepˑu- |
|
|
cooked, to get |
|
*hiwˑu-n |
|
|
|
|
|
coot |
|
|
|
*toṣlok, *toṣkol ? |
|
|
|
copulate, to |
|
|
|
*honˑa |
|
|
|
cords (muscle) |
|
|
|
|
*ṭupˑin, *ṭuˑpin |
|
|
corpse |
|
|
|
|
*čamyˑṣ-a- |
|
|
cottontail |
|
|
|
|
|
*hika(k) |
*nome-ṣ
|
cottonwood |
|
|
|
*patˑakˑa(l)? |
|
|
|
cough, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*kolˑe- |
|
count, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*metˑu, *mitˑu
|
cousin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*towˑe
|
cover, to |
*molˑy |
*ʔeṣˑe |
|
|
*topoˑn-u- |
|
|
cover with lid |
*mosˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
coyote |
|
*majˑa |
|
*ʔole |
*ʔaṣe-ˑli- |
|
|
crab |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*čaˑma-ṭa
|
crack by itself |
|
|
|
|
*ʔaṭ-ˑu-ŋˑe-, *ʔot.-ˑu-ŋˑe- |
|
|
crack s.t., to |
|
|
|
*kap-ku ? |
|
|
|
cradle basket |
|
|
|
|
*hiki |
|
|
crawl, to |
|
|
*čutˑe |
|
*ṭeweˑ-jy- |
|
|
creek |
*wak… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
cricket |
|
|
|
*kiṭiṭ- ? |
|
|
|
cripple |
|
|
|
|
*tynˑy-ma- |
|
|
crooked |
|
|
|
|
*paṭˑiw-i- |
|
|
crouch, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*mekuṣ
|
crow, raven |
|
*kaˑkari?, *ṣaˑraj |
|
*kaˑkuli, *kaˑkali ? |
|
*ʔaˑwyč ? |
|
crown of head |
|
|
|
*lupˑuluk ? |
|
*tuktuj, *tutkuj ? |
|
crush, to |
|
|
|
*pičak |
|
|
|
cry, to |
*walak, *jalak |
|
|
*nočˑu, *nočˑa |
|
|
|
cure, to |
|
|
*huˑna |
|
|
|
|
cut, to |
|
*wala |
|
|
|
*tepˑa- |
|
cut hair, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣiˑk-y- |
|
cypress/cedar |
|
|
|
*moˑnuk ? |
|
|
|
dance |
|
|
|
|
*kalŋa |
|
|
dance, to |
|
|
*čitˑe |
|
|
|
|
dance house |
|
*čitˑe-msa |
|
|
|
*han(ˑ)i-, *han(ˑ)e- |
|
dark |
*mulu- |
|
|
|
|
*kulu- |
|
dark (outside) |
|
|
|
|
|
*čyt- |
|
daughter |
|
*kaˑn |
|
*tuˑne |
|
|
|
dawn |
|
|
|
|
*čak… |
|
|
dawn, to |
*ʔawˑe-n |
|
|
|
*waliˑ-sy- |
*ča(ˑ)ʔ... |
|
day |
|
*ṭuˑhi |
|
*hiˑṣ |
*hiʔeˑma- |
|
|
dazed, dizzy |
|
*him... ? |
|
|
|
|
|
dead |
|
|
|
*čaˑm ? |
|
|
|
Declarative Series |
*-sy, *-s |
|
|
|
*-ak |
|
|
deer |
|
*toˑṭe, *toˑṭ? |
|
|
*ʔywyˑ-ja- |
|
|
defecate, to |
|
|
|
*kyn-ṣy |
|
|
|
deliberate |
*-ki |
|
|
*-ku |
|
|
|
demonstrative |
*ṭi ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
destructive |
|
|
|
|
|
*-wa- |
|
dew |
|
|
|
*sičˑin |
|
|
|
diarrhea, to have |
*čulki?? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
die, to |
*čem-, *sem- |
|
|
|
*čam-ṣy- |
|
|
different |
|
|
|
|
|
*luṭˑi-, *luˑṭi-, *pyṣˑi- |
*numa
|
dig, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔolˑu- |
|
dim (outside) |
|
|
|
|
|
*čyt- |
|
diminutive |
|
*-knis, *-kniš |
|
*-čˑi-?? |
|
*-tˑi- |
|
dip water, to |
|
|
*ʔulˑe- |
|
|
*puluˑ-tu- |
|
directed action |
|
|
|
*-pa |
|
|
|
directional |
|
|
|
|
*-ka-, *-tˑY-t |
*-wi- |
|
dirt |
|
|
*muˑn ? |
|
|
*jotˑok |
*jowa
|
dirty |
|
|
*ṣiksa-ṣte |
|
|
|
|
disappear, to |
|
|
|
|
*ṣatpy |
|
|
discont. Iter |
|
|
|
|
*-ˑVCˑY- |
|
|
dislike, to |
*heč..., *heṣ… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
dizzy, to get |
|
|
|
|
*jyŋˑe- |
|
|
do, to |
*hin-te |
|
|
|
*mi-čˑy- |
|
|
do, make |
|
*hišˑe, *hašˑe ? |
|
|
|
|
|
do again, to |
|
*ʔojo? |
|
|
|
|
|
do hard, to |
|
|
*hiṭeˑ-pu |
|
*hyliˑn-y- |
|
|
do something |
|
|
|
*loṭu(k) |
|
|
|
doctor (power) |
|
|
|
*huˑni-ṣ |
|
|
|
dodge, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*nan-ṣy- |
|
dog |
|
|
|
*haju |
*čuku- |
|
|
dogwood |
|
|
*riris |
|
|
|
|
doll |
|
|
|
*tunje |
|
|
|
door |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔuku-j-ˑa- |
*kaˑ
|
double |
|
|
|
*ʔojˑa, *ʔoˑja |
|
|
|
dough |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔulem
|
dove |
|
|
*hu(ˑ)nu? |
|
|
*hulˑu- |
*pulˑu
|
down |
|
|
|
|
*walˑi- |
|
|
drain, to |
|
|
*laskʷi, *laswi |
|
|
|
|
dream |
*ʔekˑut |
|
|
|
|
|
|
dream, to |
*ʔektu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
dreamer |
|
|
|
*huˑni-ṣ |
*ʔalˑini |
|
|
dried up |
|
*kawhi-ṣ-te, *kawhe-ṣ-te |
|
|
|
|
|
drink, to |
|
*ʔuwˑi-, *ʔuwˑe |
|
*ʔuṣˑu |
|
|
|
drip, to |
|
|
*lat. ˑu-n |
*čokat ? |
*čol-ka- |
*čutˑa-, *čutˑe- |
|
drive animals |
|
|
|
*mykˑa- |
|
|
*haˑč..., *haˑt...
|
drown s.t., to |
*muˑn-y |
|
|
|
|
|
|
drum (foot) |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭumˑa- |
|
dry |
|
|
|
*čuṭul, *kaˑj |
|
*hewe- |
|
dry, to get |
|
|
|
|
*hew-ŋe-, *kaj-ŋe- |
|
|
dry s.t., to |
|
*kawhi/e |
|
|
*hewˑe- |
|
|
duck |
|
|
|
|
*haṭ-ha(ˑ)ṭ-a- |
*hik(ˑ)as |
|
duck (mallard) |
|
|
|
*wal... |
|
|
*watmal
|
duck, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*nan-ṣy- |
|
dust |
|
|
|
|
*ṭukˑe- |
*sikˑe- |
|
eagle |
|
|
*ṣiˑrih |
|
|
|
|
ear(s) |
*ṭolku-ṣ, *ṭokṣu-ṣ |
|
*ʔočˑok |
*ʔalok |
|
|
|
earth |
*walˑi(p) |
*pire |
|
|
|
|
|
east |
*jak- ? |
|
|
*ʔaˑla |
|
|
|
eastern |
|
|
|
|
*hiṣoˑt-a- |
|
|
Easterner |
|
|
|
|
*hiˑṣ-yto- |
|
|
eat, to |
|
*ʔamˑa |
|
|
*ʔywy- |
|
*jolum
|
eat clover, to |
|
|
|
|
*koˑk-u- |
|
|
edge |
|
*tunˑe-tka |
*kawi-tka |
|
|
|
|
egg |
|
|
*moṭˑe-h |
*haˑn, *hanˑy |
|
|
|
eight |
|
|
|
|
|
*kawˑi-n-t.a- |
*ʔot.-huja
|
elbow |
|
|
*kuluˑlis, *kulˑulis ? |
|
|
|
|
elderberries |
|
|
|
*ʔantaj |
|
|
|
eleven |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*kenˑe walˑik
|
elk |
|
|
|
|
*hakˑaˑ-ja- |
|
|
emphatic |
*ma(ˑ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
empty |
|
|
|
|
*hal(ˑ)e(s) |
|
|
end, edge |
|
|
|
*naki(ṣ), *nake(ṣ) |
|
|
|
end, to |
|
|
*kawra |
|
|
|
|
enemy |
|
*(w)ajˑa, *(w)aˑja, *(w)aˑji |
|
|
*koˑji- |
*koˑna-s |
|
enough |
|
|
|
|
*naʔˑa- |
|
|
enter, to |
*ʔaˑku |
|
|
|
|
|
|
even |
|
|
|
|
|
*melˑa- |
|
evening |
|
|
|
*ʔyme |
|
|
|
every(thing) |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣokˑe-, *ṣykˑe- |
|
excessive |
|
|
|
|
|
*-me- |
|
excessive (verb) |
|
*jowˑen, *joˑwen |
|
|
|
|
|
excrement |
|
|
|
*kyˑn |
|
|
|
explode, to |
|
|
|
*pak-ṭy, *pak-ṭe |
|
|
|
extract, to |
|
*hut-ki, *hut-ke |
|
|
|
|
|
eye |
*šynty |
|
|
*čit… |
|
|
|
eye, to hurt |
|
|
|
|
|
*čit-wa |
|
eyebrow |
|
|
*šimpur |
|
|
*piwˑe- |
|
eyebrows? |
|
*winˑa-s |
|
|
|
|
|
eyelashes? |
|
*winṭa-s |
|
|
|
|
|
eyelashes |
|
*tutper < **tutpes ? |
|
|
|
*tataˑp..., *ṭyp(ˑ)yˑ-la- |
|
eye speck |
|
|
|
|
|
*pač(ˑ)ak ? |
|
eyes (pertain- ing to) |
*pel… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
face |
|
*ṭamˑV-ṣṭaˑmV-ṣ |
|
|
*maˑka-ṣ |
|
*ʔonˑi
|
faded |
|
|
|
*čaˑm ? |
|
*ṭaka- |
|
fall, to |
|
|
*ʔinˑa-n |
|
|
|
|
fall (person) |
|
|
*liswo-n |
|
|
|
|
fall (tree), to |
|
|
|
*hoˑl-u- ? |
|
|
|
fan hot air, to |
*wile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
far |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔenaˑk
|
fart, to |
|
*ṣiwˑe |
|
|
|
|
*holak
|
farther out |
|
|
|
*hukˑ-e- |
|
|
|
fast (a fast) |
|
|
|
*ʔo(ˑ)ma |
|
|
|
fast, to |
|
|
*ʔusˑu-pi? |
|
|
*ʔoˑm-u- |
|
fat |
|
*sawˑer |
|
|
*symˑit |
|
|
father |
*ʔapˑa, *ʔapˑi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
fear, to |
|
*čormo-n |
|
*helaj, *ṣelaj |
|
|
|
feather |
|
|
*ṣipˑo-ṣ |
*ṣale |
|
|
|
feathers, down |
*pu(ˑ)ṭ, *putˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
fell a tree, to |
|
|
|
*hol- |
|
|
|
female |
|
|
|
|
*ʔoṣˑa- |
|
|
fern, fern roots |
|
|
|
|
*kepek |
|
|
fetch water |
|
*ʔukʷˑi, *ʔukʷˑe |
|
|
*ʔuṣ-te- |
|
|
field |
*py(ˑ)la |
|
|
|
|
|
|
fifteen |
|
|
|
|
*juˑʔali- |
|
|
fifth |
|
|
|
|
|
*maṣko-pa- |
|
fight, to |
|
*nimˑi |
|
|
|
|
|
fighting |
|
|
|
|
*myˑla |
|
|
fill, to |
|
*laˑsu-n |
|
|
*cu(ˑ)jaʔ-ny- |
|
|
find, to |
|
|
|
|
*nanˑy- |
|
|
find out, to |
|
|
|
*ʔimˑa, *ʔemˑa |
|
|
|
finger |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fingernail, toenail |
*ṭiˑs, *ṭisˑy |
*tuˑr, *tuˑri-š |
|
|
|
|
|
finish, to |
|
|
*kawra |
|
|
|
|
fire |
*ti? |
|
|
|
*tinˑy- |
|
|
fire, to catch |
|
|
|
|
*wyk-ty |
|
|
fire, to light |
*(h)yl-si? |
|
*huja |
|
|
*wyl-ki- |
|
firebrand |
|
*hij(ˑ)i-ṣ |
|
|
|
|
|
fire drill |
|
|
|
*kajin, *kajan ? |
|
|
|
firewood, get |
|
*tapru |
|
|
|
|
|
first |
*hojˑu? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
fir tree ? |
|
|
|
|
*čapaˑha-?? |
|
|
fish |
*(h)el… |
|
|
|
*lapiˑsaj |
|
|
fish, to |
|
|
|
|
*huneˑm-y- |
|
|
fish eggs |
|
|
|
*pyˑle, *pyˑl |
|
|
|
five |
|
*mišˑur, *mišru |
|
|
|
*masṣˑo-kˑa- |
*kenekˑuṣ
|
fix, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔen-ṣy- |
|
|
yflash (light- ning) |
*wilep |
|
|
|
|
|
|
flash, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*čatku- ? |
|
flat (rock) |
|
|
|
*ṭapˑe |
|
*talpas/ṣ |
|
flat place |
|
|
|
|
*pyˑlaj |
|
|
flea |
|
*poˑr |
|
*ky(ˑ)ky-ṣ |
|
|
|
fledgling |
|
|
|
|
|
**ṣyle |
|
flee, to |
|
|
*haˑhe |
|
|
|
|
flesh |
|
|
|
|
*ʔočˑuk |
|
|
flip, to |
|
|
|
*tip-, *tap- |
|
|
|
flirt, to |
|
|
|
|
*liˑŋy-, *lyˑŋy |
|
|
flood, to |
|
|
|
*pol-ku |
|
|
|
flow, to |
*čolo, *ṣolo |
|
*wakṣi |
|
|
|
|
flower |
|
*tiˑwi-ṣˑ, *tiwˑi-ṣ |
|
*pokṣa |
|
|
|
flute |
|
|
*huṣek |
|
|
*ṣulep-ˑa- |
|
fly (insect) |
|
*muˑmur-i, *mumˑur-i |
|
|
|
|
|
fly, to |
|
|
*humˑu-n |
|
|
*ṣyleˑ-ty- |
*lilˑu
|
foam |
*puṭa ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
fog |
|
*moˑṭo ? |
|
|
|
*hune |
|
foggy, to get |
|
|
|
|
|
*huneˑ-ty- |
|
follow, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔenpu-, *ʔonpu- |
|
following |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*topˑa
|
food |
|
|
|
|
*ʔywʔy |
|
|
foot |
*haṭˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
football, play |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔamaˑṭ-y- |
|
forage, to |
|
|
|
|
*wyn-ty- |
|
|
ford, to |
|
|
|
|
*myˑŋ-y- |
|
|
forehead |
|
*timˑa-h |
|
*ṭikˑi(t) |
*ṭopˑel-e- |
|
|
forest (monte) |
|
*hujˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
forget, to |
|
*misˑu-n |
*ʔemˑe-n |
|
*heŋuˑ-lu- |
|
|
formerly |
|
|
*ʔokse |
|
|
|
|
four |
|
*kaṭwa-ṣ |
*ʔuˑṭit |
|
|
*ʔojˑis |
*huja
|
fox |
|
|
|
|
|
*juwˑel |
|
freshet |
|
|
*waˑkiṣ |
|
|
|
|
friend |
|
|
|
*neˑnut, *ʔojˑam |
|
|
|
frog |
|
|
*wakrač-min |
*waṭaˑk |
|
|
|
from |
|
|
|
|
|
*-pa-(See under ) |
|
front |
*hojˑu ? |
|
|
|
*hukˑ-e- |
|
|
frost |
|
*wakˑa-n |
|
*susˑa- |
|
|
|
full, to be |
|
|
*laˑsu-n |
|
|
|
|
fur |
|
|
|
|
*hiˑsok |
|
|
future |
*-sˑi- |
|
|
|
*{-ˑikˑy-} |
|
|
future (nom.) |
|
|
|
|
|
*-Hji- |
|
future imv |
*-ṣ, *-ˑṣi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
gall |
|
|
|
*siwˑen |
|
|
|
gamble, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*hyˑk-y |
|
gather, to |
*ʔot.o |
|
*rutˑa |
|
|
|
|
genitive case |
|
|
|
*{-yn} |
|
|
|
get, to |
|
|
|
*wel-ki |
|
|
|
get up, to |
*talˑi, *tiˑli ? |
*ʔitma |
|
|
|
|
|
ghost |
|
|
|
|
*ṣuˑle-ṣ |
*ʔylˑi |
|
girl |
|
*ʔatša-kniš |
|
|
*lupu-, *ʔoṣˑa-tˑi- |
*koli- ? |
*koˑla
|
give, to |
*ʔamˑy |
*hara, *ṣuˑmi |
|
|
|
|
*waja, *waje
|
give drink, to |
|
*ʔumˑi, *ʔuˑmi |
|
|
|
|
|
gizzard |
|
|
|
*was(ˑ)in ? |
|
|
|
gnaw, to |
|
|
|
|
*leṭmy- |
*kyč-my- |
|
go! |
*haṭˑi!, *hoṭˑo! ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
go, to |
*wyˑ, *waˑ, *wiˑ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
go around |
|
|
*hinˑe hinˑi- |
|
|
|
|
go down (swelling) |
|
|
|
*čyˑṭ |
*ṭam-ṣy |
|
|
go in, to |
*ʔaˑku |
|
|
|
|
|
|
go out, to |
|
*ʔiˑje, *ʔiˑji |
|
|
|
|
|
go through, to |
|
|
|
|
*menoˑk-u- |
|
|
godetia |
|
|
|
|
*tokop |
|
|
good, to be |
|
|
*mišˑi(h) ? |
|
|
|
|
good-tasting |
|
|
|
*čy(ˑ)k... ? |
|
|
|
goose |
*lowˑot?, *waˑwo? |
*laklak |
|
|
|
|
|
gooseberry |
|
*ṣaˑwan-a ? |
|
*kiˑli |
|
|
|
gopher |
*siwˑot |
|
|
|
|
|
|
gossip, to |
|
|
*potše ? |
|
|
|
|
grab, to |
|
*hoˑjo |
|
|
|
|
|
granary |
|
|
|
|
*čakˑa |
|
|
grandchild |
|
*mere-ṣ |
|
*čačˑo |
*ʔače |
|
|
grandfather |
*paˑpa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
grandmother |
|
*melˑe |
*menˑe |
*(h)amˑa |
|
*ʔysˑy- |
|
grapes (wild) |
|
|
|
*mut(ˑ)e |
|
|
|
grapevine |
|
|
|
|
*kimˑis |
|
|
grasp, to |
*paṭˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
grass |
|
|
*muˑre-n ? |
|
|
|
*kole
|
grasshopper |
|
|
*po(ˑ)lok… |
*koˑṭo ? |
|
|
|
gray, gray hair |
|
*losko |
|
*poto(k) ? |
|
|
|
gray (dull) |
|
|
|
|
*pot.o- |
|
|
graze, to |
|
|
|
|
*koˑk-u- |
|
|
grease |
|
*sawˑer |
|
|
*symˑit |
|
|
great, to be |
|
|
|
|
*ʔen-ṣy |
|
|
green |
|
|
*čutku |
|
|
|
|
green, grass |
|
|
|
|
|
*čit… |
|
green, raw |
|
|
|
*ʔima |
|
|
|
grieve. To |
|
|
|
|
*kuṣ-ŋe- |
|
|
grind, to |
|
|
*jikˑa |
*hykˑa |
*čosˑe- |
|
*ʔut.uk
|
gristle |
|
|
|
|
|
*pasuˑka-, *posuˑka- |
*latˑik, *laˑtik
|
grosbeak |
|
|
|
*čimitˑolo ?? |
|
|
|
ground |
|
|
|
|
*walˑi- |
*jotˑok |
*jowa
|
grouse (blue) |
|
|
|
|
*mučˑama-ṣ, *mučˑuma-ṣ |
|
|
grow, to |
|
*miṭˑe-n, *miṭˑi-n |
|
|
|
|
|
grow (plants) |
|
|
|
|
*čoˑp-u- |
|
|
grow up, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔypel-ŋe |
|
|
growl, to |
*loˑna(k) ? |
|
|
|
*not.aˑk-y- |
|
|
grown one |
|
|
*miṭˑe-ṣte ? |
|
|
|
|
grub |
|
|
|
*pyne |
|
|
|
guess |
|
|
|
*ta(ˑ)wy-, *tawˑy- |
|
|
|
gulp down |
*law… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
gush, to |
*čolo, *ṣolo |
|
|
*čiṭi-ty ? |
|
|
|
gut, to |
|
|
|
*puṭ-ku |
|
|
|
guts |
*puṭˑul, *puṭlu- |
*piˑti, *pitˑi, *riˑṭuk, *riˑṭok |
|
|
|
|
*puluk
|
hail |
|
|
*jokop, *jopok |
|
*sawˑin |
*saˑwin |
|
hail, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*sawiˑn-y- |
|
hair |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣaˑpa
|
hair (body) |
|
*ṭaˑp |
|
|
*hiˑsok |
|
|
hair (head) |
*ʔuṭu |
*ʔoli |
|
|
*juṣˑe(ṣ) |
*myˑn, *mynˑy- |
|
half |
*moṭ… |
|
|
|
|
*kaˑwi- |
*kowˑa
|
halt, to |
|
|
|
|
*hačˑ-y- |
|
|
hand |
*ʔekˑu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
hand game |
|
|
|
|
|
*hinwo- |
|
hand game,to play |
|
|
|
|
|
*hinoˑw-u- |
|
hand game bones |
|
|
|
*haˑna-, *haˑni- ? |
|
|
|
hang, to |
|
*hik... |
|
|
*jyṭ-ki- |
|
*joˑke
|
happy |
|
|
|
*hyjak, *hyjka |
|
|
|
hard (effort) |
|
|
|
|
*hywˑa- |
|
|
hard (solid) |
|
|
*witṭi |
|
|
|
|
hard (tough) |
|
|
|
*kaṭˑy |
|
|
|
hate, to |
*heč..., *heṣ… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
having |
|
|
|
|
*-ma- |
|
|
hawk (chicken) |
|
*ṣiwker |
*ʔelej-min |
*sujˑu |
|
|
|
hawk (duck) |
|
|
|
*wek-wek |
|
|
|
hawk (fish) |
|
|
|
*tuk-tuk |
|
|
|
hawk (redtail) |
|
*ṣiwker |
|
|
|
|
|
hawk (small) |
|
|
*čiliskan ? |
|
|
|
|
hawk (sparrow) |
|
|
|
|
*tetˑete- |
|
|
hawk sp. |
|
*kaknu |
|
|
|
|
|
hay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*kole
|
hazel nuts |
|
|
|
|
*ṣolˑuk ? |
|
|
he, she, it |
*ʔiˑš ʔišˑy |
*waˑk(a) |
|
*mi |
*ʔisˑak |
|
|
head |
*uṭu |
*ʔoli |
|
|
*hanˑa- |
*tolo- |
|
headdress |
|
*wa(ˑ)r… |
|
|
*ṭ/tamak..., *ṭ/tamek... |
|
|
healed (sore) |
|
|
|
*ṭaˑm |
|
|
|
health |
|
|
|
|
*ʔučˑʔu- |
|
|
hear, to |
*ṭol-, *ṭal- ? |
|
|
*ʔalˑy |
*ṭoleˑ-jy- |
|
|
heart |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
heat, to |
|
|
*takˑa-mpi |
|
|
|
|
heat up, to |
|
|
|
|
*ṭoˑm-u- ? |
|
|
heavy |
|
*parwi |
|
|
*lewˑe-ṭˑ, *lewṭe-ṭ |
|
|
heel |
|
|
|
*tynˑi-ṣ |
|
|
|
help, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔesyˑt-y- |
|
|
Here! |
*joˑ! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
here, now |
*niˑ, *ni |
|
|
|
|
|
|
here, this |
*neˑš, *nešˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
hiccough, to |
|
|
|
*hyʔ… |
|
|
|
hide |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭalka- |
|
higher |
|
|
|
|
*lilˑe-ka- |
|
|
hill |
|
|
|
|
*leme- |
|
*pawi-ṣ, *paji-ṣ
|
his/her |
|
*-n (*-n- ?) |
|
|
|
|
|
his/her/its |
*ʔi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
hit, to |
|
|
*liˑki |
*mylˑa |
|
|
|
hit (pelt), to |
|
|
|
*maʔ-ta-, *meʔ-ta- |
*čeˑʔ-y- |
|
|
hit with a rock |
*pakˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
hit with a stick |
|
|
*haṭˑa |
|
|
|
|
hit with the fist |
|
|
|
*kom-ta ? |
|
|
|
hoarse, to be |
|
|
|
*ṣekil |
|
|
|
hole |
|
|
|
|
|
*holˑaw |
|
hole (ground) |
|
|
*ʔičˑin, *ʔisˑin |
|
|
|
|
hollow |
|
|
|
*holˑu |
|
|
|
horn, antler |
|
*čiˑri |
|
*kilˑi |
|
|
|
hortative part. |
|
|
|
|
|
*čaʔ |
|
hot |
|
*tawˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
hot (spicy) |
|
*kahˑa |
|
|
*tep-tep |
|
*kaj-kaj
|
hot (weather) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*wiˑlaw
|
hot thing |
|
|
|
|
*wylyṭ |
|
|
house |
|
*ruwˑa |
|
*koč(ˑ)a |
|
*ʔuˑču- |
|
house (cere- monial) |
|
*tuˑpen |
|
|
|
*hani-, *hane- |
|
house (temporary) |
|
|
|
|
*ʔumuč-ˑa- |
|
|
how much? |
|
|
|
|
|
*mi-t(ˑ)a-kˑo- ? |
|
hug, to |
|
|
*kap(ˑ)il, *kap(ˑ)al |
*lyˑti ? |
|
|
|
hum |
|
|
|
*hym… |
|
|
|
hummingbird |
|
|
*humuˑña |
*kulu- ? |
*liˑčiˑ-či- |
|
|
hunger |
|
|
|
|
|
*hakaj |
|
hungry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*munu
|
hungry, to get |
|
*hitka-n |
|
|
|
|
|
hunt, to |
|
*punji |
|
|
*wynty- |
|
|
hurt, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔamˑu- |
|
|
hurting (adj.) |
|
|
|
|
*siken-me- |
|
|
husband |
|
*makˑu |
|
|
|
|
|
husband’s sr. |
|
|
|
|
|
*koliˑ-na- |
|
husk acorns, to |
|
|
*paˑka |
|
|
|
|
I |
*kanˑi, *kaˑn |
|
|
|
|
*-te- |
|
I-you pl. vol. |
|
|
|
|
|
*-tok-ni |
|
ignorant |
|
|
|
|
*katˑi- |
*henu- |
|
impact |
|
|
|
|
*-ta- |
|
|
impede |
|
|
|
*tik- |
|
|
|
imperative |
*-jˑi- |
|
|
*ʔaˑ? |
|
|
|
inchoative |
|
|
|
*tyma |
|
|
|
infix |
|
|
*-j- |
|
|
|
|
inhale, to |
|
|
|
*čuˑt..., *ṣuˑt… |
|
|
|
in-law |
|
|
|
*meˑm, *ʔojˑam |
|
|
|
instr. Case |
*-ṣu, *-su |
|
|
|
|
|
|
intensifier |
|
|
|
|
*-mu- |
|
|
inter. suf |
|
*-ka, *-ṭo |
|
|
*-n(ˑ)i-, *-ta- |
|
|
intestines |
|
*riˑṭuk, *riˑṭok |
|
|
|
|
|
intransitive |
*-si-, *-te |
|
|
*-tu |
*-ŋi-, *-pY ? |
|
|
inundate, to |
|
*tunˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
invalid |
|
|
|
|
*siken-me- |
|
|
invite, to |
|
|
|
*jejˑa, *jajˑu |
|
|
|
it |
*mi(n), *ma(n) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
itch |
|
|
*heṣko |
|
|
|
*puṭu- ?
|
iterative |
*-ṭe |
|
|
*-ja |
*-ta- |
|
|
iter. destr. |
|
|
|
*-la- |
|
|
|
jab, to |
|
*ripˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
jackrabbit |
|
*čeˑjis ? |
|
|
|
*ʔepa-ˑli- |
*čami-ṣ
|
jay (California) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣajiˑč
|
jay (crested) |
*kaj-kaj ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
jealous |
|
*ʔarse |
|
|
|
|
|
johnny-jump- ups (white) |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭoṭoˑkol |
|
jump, to |
|
|
*čulu |
|
*ṭujaˑŋ-y- |
|
|
just barely |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔeke-ṣˑu
|
keep on, to |
|
|
|
|
*tokoˑʔ-u- |
|
|
kick with heel |
|
|
|
|
*kalaˑ-ŋy- |
|
*tunˑa
|
kick with toe |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭek-my |
|
kidney |
|
|
|
|
|
*paspas |
|
kill, to |
|
*nimˑi |
*liˑki |
|
*jynˑa- |
*joˑṣ-u- |
|
killdeer |
|
|
*tiwiˑtuk |
|
|
|
|
kind (adj.) |
|
|
|
*ʔejaṣ |
|
|
|
kindle, to |
*hyl-si |
|
*huja |
|
|
|
|
kingfisher |
|
|
|
*čaˑṭa-ˑṭa- ? |
|
|
|
kingsnake |
*luˑlumi? |
|
|
|
*hoˑtoŋ-ja- |
*laˑnaka-ṣ |
|
knee |
*mokʷ(ˑ)i |
|
*toˑlo-ṣ |
|
|
*honˑoj |
|
kneel, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*honoˑj-u- ? |
|
knife |
|
*ṭipˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
knot |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣotil-ˑa- |
|
know, to |
*nan..., *nen... ? |
*hinṣu |
|
|
|
|
|
lacking |
|
|
|
*tiˑl |
|
|
|
land |
*py(ˑ)la |
|
|
|
|
|
|
land (bug), to |
|
|
|
|
*ṭoʔ-ŋe- |
|
|
language |
|
|
|
|
*liwa- |
|
|
last |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*topˑa
|
late |
|
|
*ʔuˑjak- |
|
|
|
|
late, to get |
|
*ʔujka |
|
|
|
|
|
late (delayed), to be |
|
|
*momˑe-n |
|
|
|
|
later |
|
|
|
|
*ʔysˑa- |
|
|
laugh |
|
|
|
*hyjak, *hyjka |
|
|
|
lay eggs, to |
|
|
|
|
*haŋyˑ-jy- |
|
|
lay s.o. down |
|
|
|
|
*jaˑŋ -y- |
|
|
leach, to |
|
|
|
|
*molpa-, *molaˑp-y- |
|
|
leader (female) |
|
|
|
*maˑjen |
|
|
|
leaf, leaves |
|
*ma(ˑ)ra-h |
|
|
*tatˑa-, *taˑta- |
|
|
leaf out, to |
|
|
|
|
*tataˑ-ty- |
|
|
leak, to |
|
|
*laswi-n |
|
|
|
|
lean (meat) |
|
|
|
|
*ʔočˑuk |
|
|
lean against, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*holoṣ
|
learn, to |
|
|
*ʔurse |
|
|
|
|
leave behind |
|
|
|
|
*ʔelˑy- |
|
|
left (remaining) |
|
|
|
*ʔaˑj |
*ṭaˑŋa- |
|
|
left (side) |
|
|
|
|
|
*čajˑa- ? |
|
left over |
|
*jowˑi-n |
|
|
|
|
|
leg (lower) |
|
|
|
|
*hoˑčon |
|
|
lend, to |
|
|
*kamˑo |
|
|
|
|
Let him! |
|
|
*jeˑla! |
|
|
|
|
let’s (go) |
|
*hijˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
lick, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*lak-ṭy- |
|
lie (deceive) |
|
|
|
|
*ṭaˑw-y- |
|
|
lie down, to |
|
*nimˑi |
|
|
*ja ˑe- |
|
|
lie face down |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*mekus
|
lie face up, to |
|
|
*c/aj(ˑ)ol- |
|
|
|
|
lift, to |
|
|
|
|
*jyṭyˑ-ty- |
|
|
light (weight) |
*heṣ..., *hoṣ… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lightning |
*wilˑep |
|
|
|
|
|
|
like (that way, similar to) |
*kaṭu, *katu ? |
|
|
|
*nymiṣ |
|
|
like, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*welak
|
lily (Mariposa) |
|
|
|
|
*čikiwči- |
|
|
lips |
*welˑewel(e), *wepˑel(i) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
live, to |
|
|
*tawra |
|
|
|
|
liver |
*kylˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lizard |
|
|
*meher |
|
|
|
|
location |
|
|
|
|
*-mˑa-ṭy- |
*-w(ˑ)i |
*-wa
|
locative case |
*{-my} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
log |
|
|
|
*hoˑl |
|
|
|
long |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔenaˑk
|
long ago |
|
|
*ʔokse |
|
|
|
|
look (seem) |
|
|
|
|
*mičy-ksy- |
|
|
Look! |
|
|
|
*(h)yṭe! |
|
|
|
look askance |
|
*kel-ṭe |
|
|
|
|
|
look at, to |
|
|
|
*(h)yṭe |
|
|
|
look back, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔečaˑ-jy- |
|
|
look for, to |
*wele, *wole ? |
|
|
|
|
|
*li(ˑ)ma
|
look out, to |
|
|
*ʔatˑa, *ʔatˑe |
|
|
|
|
look out for |
|
|
|
|
|
*hajˑa-po-kṣu- |
|
loosen, to |
|
|
|
|
*ṭokˑu- |
|
|
lose (game), |
|
|
|
|
*luṣ-ˑu-ŋˑe- |
|
|
lost, to get |
|
*tonˑe-n |
|
|
|
*henil- |
|
loud, to be |
|
|
*hiṭeˑ-pi |
|
|
|
|
louse (body) |
|
|
*raˑh, *raˑhe |
*čypsi |
|
|
|
louse (head) |
|
*kahˑaj ? |
|
*keˑt, *ketˑy ? |
|
|
|
love, to |
|
|
|
|
*lekjy- |
|
|
lumpy |
|
|
|
|
|
*lytˑyp, *lytˑyj |
|
lunch (packed) |
|
|
|
*pyne |
|
|
|
lunch, to take |
|
|
|
|
|
*pyneˑ-ty- |
|
lungs |
*poṣˑol, *poṣlo- ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
lying down |
|
|
|
|
*jaŋˑa-čˑy- |
|
|
magpie |
|
*ʔaṭ-ʔaṭ |
|
|
|
*ʔač-ʔač |
|
make, to |
|
|
|
*ʔokja, *ʔokje |
*ʔen-ṣy- |
|
|
make, do |
|
*hišˑe, *hašˑe ? |
|
|
|
|
|
mallard |
|
|
|
*watmal |
|
|
|
man (male) |
*ṭa(ˑ)li-ṣ |
|
*mukʷ, *mukʷˑe |
|
|
*nanˑa- |
|
many |
|
|
|
|
*toˑko- |
|
|
manzanita (berries) |
|
|
|
|
|
*mokˑo-s. |
|
manzanita(small berries) |
|
|
|
*ʔeˑje, *ʔejˑe |
|
|
|
maple |
|
|
|
*ṣaˑji- |
|
|
|
mark |
|
|
|
|
*syk(ˑ)a- |
|
|
marrow |
|
|
|
|
*koˑsot ? |
*silpet |
|
marry a man |
|
*mak-h-u |
|
|
|
*nanaˑ-jy- |
|
marry a woman |
|
|
|
|
*ʔoṣa-jy- |
|
|
mash, to |
|
|
|
*pičak |
|
|
|
massage, to |
|
|
|
*lojˑa |
|
|
|
mat |
|
|
|
*heti |
|
|
|
maybe |
|
|
|
|
*(h)ane, *luˑṭiˑ |
|
|
meadowlark |
|
*čiˑrit-min |
|
|
|
|
|
meal (a meal) |
|
|
|
|
*ʔywʔy- |
|
|
measure,to |
|
|
|
|
*nenˑa- |
|
|
meat |
|
*riˑṣ |
*toˑṭe |
|
**mičeˑm-a- |
|
|
medicine |
|
|
|
*wene |
|
|
|
medio-passive |
*-ṣny |
*-n |
|
*-ṣy, *-ṭy, *-ṭe |
*-nY- |
*-ne- |
|
melt, to |
|
|
|
*čoˑk, *čuˑk |
|
*jojˑa- |
|
merely |
|
|
|
|
*heŋy-j |
|
|
middle |
|
*horpe-j |
|
|
|
*kaˑwi- |
*kowˑa
|
middle finger |
|
|
|
|
|
*kawˑi-n-ṭa |
|
milk |
*muˑs, *muˑṣ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
miss (long for) |
|
|
|
*jonˑe-, *joˑne- |
|
|
|
miss the mark |
|
|
|
|
*ʔomsu |
|
|
mist |
*meˑč..., *miˑč… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mistaken |
|
|
|
|
*katiʔ-me- |
|
|
mistletoe |
|
|
|
|
*ṭintʔik-la- ? |
|
|
mix, to |
|
*himˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
molar teeth |
|
*kaˑra-s (*karwa-s ?) |
|
|
|
|
|
mole (animal) |
*moˑlo |
|
|
|
*tymˑel, *timˑil |
|
|
molt, to |
|
|
|
|
*ṣup-ku- |
|
|
monster |
|
|
|
|
*tinˑy-ṭˑi |
|
|
monte |
|
*hujˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
moon |
*kolme ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
more |
|
*jowˑin |
|
*ʔaˑj |
|
|
|
morning |
*ʔawˑe- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
mortar |
*ʔylwa ? |
|
|
|
|
*?ymˑe |
|
morta rbedrock |
|
|
|
|
*čoˑse- |
|
|
mosquito |
*šojˑu ? |
|
|
|
*ʔyjyˑky-ṣ |
|
|
mother |
|
*ʔanˑa-n, *ʔaˑna-n |
|
|
*ʔyta- |
|
*ʔunu
|
mother- in-law |
|
*ʔuhi |
|
|
|
|
|
mountain |
|
|
|
|
*leme- |
|
*pawi-ṣˑ, *paji-ṣ
|
mountain lion |
|
|
|
|
|
*hiˑliˑča- |
*ʔupukṣe
|
mountain mahogany |
|
|
|
|
*sype- |
|
|
mouse |
*ṣolˑo |
*riˑña |
|
*ṭolˑo..., *t.olˑi… |
*pusˑiʔ-na- |
|
*jeṣˑe
|
mouth |
*haˑj |
|
|
*lup(ˑ)e |
|
*ʔawˑo- |
*lakum
|
much |
|
|
|
*yṭˑiʔ |
*toˑko- |
|
|
mudhen |
|
|
|
*toṣlok, *toṣkol |
|
|
|
mumble |
|
|
|
*hym... |
|
|
|
mussel |
|
|
*hakˑaw |
|
|
|
|
mute |
|
|
|
|
|
*čepi- čypi- |
|
my |
*-ṭ -ṭi |
|
*-ṣ- |
|
|
|
|
my, mine |
*kan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
myth, story |
|
|
|
|
*ʔutne- |
|
|
name |
*laˑkat |
|
|
|
*ʔojaˑ-ṣe- |
|
|
name, to |
*laˑkat |
|
|
|
*ʔojˑa- |
|
|
nape |
|
|
|
*to pa |
|
|
|
navel |
|
*lo puṭ, *lop uṭ ? |
|
|
|
|
|
near |
|
|
|
|
|
*hajˑe- |
|
neck |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*heleˑki
|
neck, nape |
|
*lanˑa, *laˑna |
|
|
|
|
|
necklace |
|
|
*han i |
|
|
|
|
nephew/niece |
|
|
|
|
*ʔypsa- |
|
*tow e
|
nest (bird) |
*heˑsa, *heˑṣa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
nest, to make |
|
|
|
|
|
*hesaˑ-jy- |
|
net |
|
|
|
|
*laṣˑa- |
|
|
nettles |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣoṣoˑl... |
|
new |
|
*ʔiṭˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
next |
|
|
|
|
|
*toˑpa- |
|
nice |
|
|
|
*ʔejaṣ |
|
|
|
night |
*mulu-. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
nine |
|
|
*pakˑi |
|
|
*woʔe- |
|
nipple |
|
|
|
|
*musuʔ-ˑa- |
|
|
nit |
|
*ṣaˑkar |
|
|
|
|
|
no, not |
|
*ʔakwe, *ʔekwe |
|
*helˑa |
|
*ken, *ket, *ke(ˑ) |
|
noise, to make |
|
|
*ʔočko |
*hyl-ka |
|
|
|
nom. Case |
|
|
|
|
|
*{-ʔ} |
|
nominal suffix |
*-ṭ |
*-h |
|
|
*-ča- |
*-mˑa- |
|
north |
|
*ʔawˑa-s |
|
*tamal |
|
|
|
north wind |
|
|
|
*kan(ˑ)ym ? |
|
|
|
northerner |
|
|
|
|
*tamˑyl-e- |
|
|
nose, nostrils |
*huˑk, *hukˑy |
|
|
|
*niṭo- |
|
|
not know, not understand |
|
|
|
|
|
*henˑu- |
|
not recognize |
|
|
|
|
*pyṣi -jy- |
|
|
now |
|
|
|
*ne-m |
|
|
*ni(ṣ)
|
numeral suffix |
|
|
|
|
|
*-kˑo- |
*-ka
|
nurse at breast |
*muˑs-y, *muˑṣ-y |
|
|
|
|
|
*pu(ˑ)ṭ …
|
oak (black) |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭele-ˑli- |
|
oak (live) |
|
*juˑki-ṣ |
|
*saˑṭa |
|
|
|
oak (small) |
|
|
|
*suˑk ? |
|
|
|
oak (valley) |
*ʔalwe-š |
|
|
|
*wilˑi-ṣ |
|
*hakja
|
oak (white) |
|
|
|
*molˑa, *moˑla |
*leˑka- |
|
*muˑle
|
oak sp. |
|
*tuh(ˑ)e |
|
|
|
|
|
oar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* o(ˑ)lak
|
objective case |
*{-yč} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
obsidian |
|
|
|
|
*siṭˑik(ˑ)iniwa- |
|
|
ocean |
|
|
*kalˑe |
|
|
|
|
old |
*hojˑu ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
old man |
|
*hunṭa(č), *hunaˑṭa(č) |
|
|
|
|
|
old woman |
|
|
|
|
*ʔonoṣˑo- < **ʔona- ? |
|
|
one |
|
*him- |
|
*kenˑe |
|
*luṭˑi- |
|
one who |
|
*-ṣ-min |
|
|
|
|
|
one(s) |
*ʔam(ˑ)a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
onion (wild) |
|
*ʔuˑner |
|
|
|
|
*puˑču
|
only |
|
|
|
|
*keŋˑe-tˑi- |
|
|
open (country) |
|
|
|
|
*hal(ˑ)e(s) |
|
|
open, to |
|
*haj-ki |
*mah-wi |
|
|
|
*witiṣ, *wetiṣ
|
open mouth, to |
|
|
*šačar |
|
*haˑhaj-ˑy- |
|
|
opening (hole) |
|
|
|
|
|
*holˑaw |
|
optative part. |
|
|
|
|
|
*čaʔ |
|
ordinal marker |
|
|
|
|
|
*-pa- |
|
oriole |
|
|
|
*čakaˑ-čaka ? |
|
|
|
other |
|
|
|
|
|
*luṭˑi-, *luˑṭi- |
|
our incl. |
|
|
|
|
*-čˑi- |
|
|
outside |
|
*kari(j) |
|
*walˑi |
|
|
|
owl (barn, screech) |
|
*čaˑhi |
|
*wičˑiki-ṣ |
|
|
*woṭi
|
owl (great horned) |
|
|
|
*tukˑu-ˑli- |
|
|
|
owl (ground) |
|
|
*weˑči-či ? |
*ṭok(ˑ)ok... |
|
|
|
pack, to |
*(h)apˑu, *(h)ipˑu |
|
|
|
*ṭyjyˑ-ty- |
|
*ʔaˑwiṣ
|
paint |
|
|
|
*walan… |
|
|
|
paint, to |
|
*ʔenˑe |
|
|
|
*wakˑa- |
|
parent-in-law |
|
|
|
|
|
*hewˑas |
|
parent(s) of child’s spouse |
|
|
|
|
*maksi- |
|
|
partner |
|
|
|
*ʔojˑam |
|
|
|
pass by, to |
|
*ʔeˑpe |
|
|
|
|
|
pass s.o., to |
|
|
|
|
*maˑŋ-y- |
|
|
passive |
*-ṣny, *-ˑu |
|
|
|
|
|
*-ku
|
passive (involuntary) |
|
|
|
|
*-pa-ṣny- |
|
|
past (remote) |
*-ṣy, *-sˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
past tense |
|
|
|
*kaˑ, *ka |
|
|
|
patch, to |
|
|
|
*tanki ? |
|
|
|
peel, to |
|
|
|
*ṭol- |
|
|
|
penis |
|
|
|
*haˑn, *hanˑy |
|
*tolˑol (*ṭolˑol ?) |
|
pepperwood |
|
|
|
*ṣawla, *ṣalwa |
|
|
|
perfect tense |
|
|
|
*maˑ, *ma |
*{-ak} |
|
|
perfective |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*-ṭi
|
person |
*koˑṭa, *koṭˑa ?, *miˑkʷ, *mikʷˑy-, *ʔam(ˑ)a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
pestle |
|
|
|
*lupˑu- |
*kawaˑ-či- |
|
|
phlegm |
|
|
*maˑhul |
|
|
*kaˑle-ṣ |
|
pick, to |
|
|
*rutˑa |
|
|
|
|
pierced, to be |
|
*ṭel-ˑu-ṣ-te |
|
|
|
|
|
pigeon |
|
|
|
*ʔumˑaˑwe(l) |
|
*lyŋˑy-ˑti- |
|
pile, to |
|
|
|
*moˑla |
|
|
|
pinch, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭiˑn-y- |
|
pine (gray) |
*saˑk, *sakˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
pine (mountain) |
|
|
|
*san(ˑ)ak |
|
|
|
pine (ponderosa) |
|
|
|
|
|
*wasˑa- |
|
pine needles |
|
|
|
|
|
*čeˑke- |
|
pine pitch |
|
|
|
*ju(ˑ)t... |
|
|
|
pinewood |
|
|
|
|
*ṣakˑine, *ṣaˑkine |
|
|
pinole |
|
|
*kurkah |
|
*tuj(ˑ)u- |
|
*ʔuṣkun
|
pinole, to eat |
|
*mujˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
pipe |
*ṣumki ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
pity, to |
|
*ʔanˑa ? |
|
|
|
|
|
plan, to |
|
|
|
|
*nenˑa-, *ṭyn-ṭyn-ny- |
|
|
plant sp. |
|
*čajˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
plant, to |
|
|
|
|
*čiˑp-y- |
|
|
play, to |
*hal..., *hol... |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔe·la ?
|
play ball, to |
*počku |
|
|
|
|
|
|
play flute, to |
|
|
*huṣke |
|
|
|
|
play games, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔawˑi- |
|
|
pleasant |
|
|
|
*čy(ˑ)k... |
|
|
|
please, to |
|
|
|
|
*hyʔmy- |
|
|
pluck, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*wičˑy-, *wiˑčy- |
*putˑa
|
plural |
*-kom |
*-kam, *-mak, *-kma |
|
*-kon |
|
|
|
plural, animate |
*-jˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
pop, to |
|
|
|
*pak-ṭy, *pak ṭe |
|
|
|
porcupine |
|
|
|
|
*myˑhyˑ-na- ?? |
|
|
possessing |
|
|
|
|
*-jaHk |
|
*{-ak}
|
possibility |
|
|
|
|
|
*-nˑi- |
|
point, to |
|
|
|
*čik..., *kiˑča, *kiˑči |
|
|
|
poison |
|
|
|
*saˑn...? |
*jen- |
|
|
poison oak |
*nykys |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔitˑum
|
poke, to |
|
|
*hiṭe |
|
*hyl-ja- |
*čikˑo-, *čikˑu- |
|
pond/pool |
|
|
|
|
*polˑaj |
|
|
potatoes (wild) |
*waˑla |
|
|
|
*jum(ˑ)ut |
|
|
pound, to(acorns) |
*pakˑa pound |
|
|
|
*lopˑa-, *os e- |
|
|
pound (acorns) |
|
|
|
|
*čosˑe- |
|
*ʔuṭuk
|
pour, to |
|
|
|
*molˑe |
*čujˑa- |
|
|
pour out, to |
|
|
|
|
*jolˑe- |
|
|
pregnant |
|
*paˑji-ṣ-te, *paˑje-ṣ-te |
|
|
|
|
|
prepare, to |
|
|
|
|
*ʔen-ṣy- |
|
|
press down |
|
|
|
*pič-, *pit- |
|
|
|
pretty, to be |
|
|
*misˑi(h) |
|
|
|
|
pretty (girl) |
|
|
|
|
*lupˑu-, *mon... |
|
|
pricked ears |
|
|
*jolṭo |
|
|
|
|
prickle, to |
|
|
|
|
*hyl-ja- |
|
|
puddle |
|
|
|
|
*polˑaj |
|
|
pull, to |
|
|
|
*ṭupˑu- |
|
|
|
pull out, to |
|
*hut-ki, *hut-ke |
|
|
|
|
|
punch, to |
|
|
|
*kom-ta ? |
*ṭok-la- |
|
|
puppy |
|
|
|
|
*čuku-tˑi- |
|
|
purpose |
|
|
|
|
|
*-nˑi- |
|
push, to |
|
|
*čutwa |
|
*kutˑe- |
|
|
put, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*hoˑje
|
put away, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*lywˑe- |
|
put down, to |
|
|
|
|
*maʔiˑl-y- |
|
|
put in, to |
|
*hawi |
|
|
|
|
|
put on, to (clothing) |
|
*ʔutˑu-pi |
|
|
|
|
|
quail (mt.) |
|
|
|
|
|
*kujˑak-ˑa- |
|
quail (valley) |
*hek… |
|
|
|
|
|
|
quiet, to be |
|
|
*hamc/a, *hemc/o |
*mymˑy, *myˑmy |
|
|
|
rabbit (brush) |
|
*weˑri-n |
|
|
|
|
|
raccoon |
|
|
*šaš... ? |
|
|
*patkas |
|
rain |
|
|
*ʔamˑan-i |
|
*nykˑa- |
|
*ʔupˑa, *ʔuˑpa
|
rain, to |
|
*ʔamne |
|
|
|
|
*ʔup.a, *ʔuˑpa
|
raise, to |
|
|
|
|
*jyṭyˑ-ty- |
|
|
rash |
*paˑṭal, *poˑčol. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
rat (kangaroo) |
|
*taˑči-n |
|
|
|
|
|
rattle (cocoon) |
|
|
|
*ṣokoṣ-ˑa- |
|
|
|
rattle (split stick) |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭakaṭ-ˑa- |
|
rattles (snake) |
|
|
|
|
|
*čata- |
|
rattlesnake |
|
*ʔipˑiš ? |
|
|
|
|
|
raven |
|
|
*kaˑkar-i ? |
*kaˑkul-i, *kaˑkal-i ? |
|
|
|
raw, green |
|
*ʔaṣˑo- |
|
*ʔima |
|
|
|
reach, to |
|
|
|
*ʔenaj |
*naˑk-y- |
|
|
reciprocal |
*-mi, *-me |
|
|
|
|
|
|
recognize |
*nan..., *nen... ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
recover, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*henak
|
red |
*joli, *ʔawa |
|
|
|
|
*weṭe- |
|
red maid |
|
*ṣaˑpah |
|
|
|
|
|
reflect (light) |
|
|
|
|
|
*čatku- ? |
|
reflection |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔylˑi- |
|
reflexive |
*-po, *-pu. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
reflexive imv. |
|
|
|
|
|
*-e-(ˑ)ṣi- |
|
regret, to |
|
|
|
|
*kuṣ-ŋe- |
|
|
relative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔojˑa
|
remain, to |
|
*jowˑi |
|
*ʔaˑj-y |
|
|
|
remember, to |
|
*hinwi, *henwe |
*pesjo |
|
|
|
|
repeat, to |
|
*ʔojo ? |
|
|
|
|
|
repetitive |
|
|
|
*-ˑVCˑy |
|
|
|
report, to |
|
|
|
|
*kojow-nu- |
|
|
respect, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*hyʔˑi-, *hyˑʔi- |
|
rest |
|
|
|
*ṭyje |
|
|
|
rest, to |
|
|
*noṣwe |
|
|
|
|
resultative |
|
|
*-ṣi, *-ši |
|
|
|
|
rheum |
|
|
|
|
|
*pač(ˑ)ak |
|
ribs |
|
*tawˑe ? |
|
|
|
|
|
right (side, hand) |
|
|
*samˑa |
|
*hotˑo- |
|
|
rinse, to |
|
|
|
*čomˑa |
|
|
|
ripe, cooked |
|
|
|
*kili |
*hinepˑu- |
|
|
ripen, to |
|
*hiwˑu-n |
|
|
*hinep-ŋe- |
|
|
rise (sun), to |
|
|
|
|
*lak-ṣy- |
*čoˑp-u- |
|
rise(water), to |
|
*tunˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
rise up, to |
|
|
|
*taˑli |
|
|
|
river |
*wak... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
roadrunner |
*ʔujˑuj ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
roast, to |
|
|
*husˑu, *ʔa(ˑ)m... |
|
|
*hin a- |
|
robin |
|
|
|
*wiṭˑap, *wiṣˑap |
|
|
|
rock |
|
|
|
*lupˑu |
|
*ṣawa- |
|
rock (for stone boiling) |
|
|
*paˑka-s |
|
|
|
|
roll over, to |
|
|
|
|
*maʔiˑl-y- |
|
*puč(ˑ)el
|
root |
|
*hiˑkoṭ, *hiʔkoṭ |
|
|
|
|
|
roots (basket ) |
|
|
|
*mulˑa, *suˑli |
|
|
|
rotten (wood) |
*pot.... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
rotten, to be |
|
*ṣumˑu-ṣ-te |
|
|
|
|
|
round house |
|
|
|
|
|
*han(ˑ)i-, *han(ˑ)e- |
|
rub, to |
|
|
|
*liṭˑa |
|
*wakˑa- |
|
run, to |
|
*ṭowˑe |
|
*hytˑaw, *hyčˑaw |
|
|
|
run (water), to |
*wak... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
run away, to |
|
|
*haˑhe |
|
|
|
|
sage (lime leafed) |
|
*patˑi-h |
|
|
|
|
|
salamander |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔapˑan-ṭa- |
|
saliva |
|
*lu(ˑ)s |
|
|
|
*jyˑp, *kaˑle-ṣ |
*hakˑoj
|
salmon |
|
*huˑraka |
|
|
*koˑsum |
*ṭukun |
*kaṣˑi, *kaˑṣi
|
salt |
|
*ʔawˑe-s |
|
*kojˑo |
|
|
|
salt, to |
|
*ʔawse |
|
|
|
|
|
same |
|
|
|
|
|
*melˑa- |
|
sand |
*wi(ˑ)s..., *wi(ˑ)ṣ... |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣukuj
|
sapsucker |
|
|
|
|
*ʔujaˑ-naˑna- ? |
|
|
satisfy, to |
|
|
|
|
*hyʔmy- |
|
|
save, to |
|
|
|
*ʔočˑa ? |
|
|
|
say, to |
*kačˑy, *kajˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
scald (chicken) |
|
|
|
|
*ṣupˑa- |
|
|
scare, to |
|
|
|
*helaj, *ṣelaj |
|
|
|
scorched |
|
|
|
*koˑm |
|
|
|
scorpion |
|
|
|
*ʔetˑym |
|
|
|
scrape, to |
*wač(ˑ)u, *waṣˑu ? |
|
|
*wyṭˑa ? |
|
|
|
scratch, to |
*wičˑa, *wisˑa |
*haṣˑa |
|
|
*ṭisyˑ-jy- |
|
*ṣekˑa ṣeˑka
|
season |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*walˑi
|
seat s.o., to |
|
|
|
|
*ṭˑoʔ-u- |
|
|
seaweed |
|
|
|
|
*haṣku(ˑ)l-a |
|
|
second |
|
|
|
|
*ʔoṭki-pa- |
|
|
see, to |
|
|
*hajwe, *mehe |
*(h)yṭe |
|
|
|
selfish |
|
|
|
*haji (*hači ?) |
|
|
|
semi-acc. |
*-ka ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
send, to |
*hok(ˑ)i |
|
|
|
*hysˑi- |
|
*hija
|
set (sun), to |
*ʔaˑku |
|
|
|
*lep... |
|
|
set s.t. down |
|
|
|
|
*ṭoˑʔ-u- |
|
|
settle, to |
|
|
|
|
*čuˑn-u- |
|
|
seven |
|
|
|
|
|
*kene-kˑa-k |
*ṣemlaˑwi
|
shade |
|
|
|
*molˑi- |
|
|
|
shade, to |
|
|
*hewhe |
|
|
|
|
shadow |
|
|
*heˑweh |
|
|
|
*molˑe
|
shake s.t., to |
|
|
*jihwi |
|
*jykaˑ-ty- |
|
|
shake (dice) |
|
|
|
|
|
*čataˑ-ty- |
|
shaking |
|
|
|
*jutu-ṭˑu-ṭˑu- ?, *liwˑuṭ |
|
|
|
shaman |
*ʔuten ? |
|
|
*huˑni-ṣ |
|
|
|
sharp |
|
|
|
|
*kytˑ-e- |
|
|
sharpen,to |
|
|
|
*hykˑa |
|
|
|
shave, to |
|
|
*hejse |
|
|
|
|
shave wood, to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*wočˑa
|
shear, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣiˑk-y- |
|
shell acorns, to |
|
|
*paˑka |
|
|
|
|
shine |
|
|
|
*ṭul- |
|
|
|
shine, to |
|
|
|
|
*čew(ˑ)a |
|
|
shiver, to |
|
|
|
*jutu-ṭˑu-ṭˑu |
*ṭynˑa- |
|
|
shoot, to |
|
|
|
*ṭyw- |
*ṭykˑy- |
|
|
shore |
|
|
*kaw... |
|
|
|
|
shoulder |
|
*ʔolˑo-ṭ, *ʔolˑo-ṣ |
|
|
|
|
|
shoulder blade |
|
|
|
*tawˑaṣ, *taw(ˑ)ak |
*ṭalṭaʔla- < **ṭalṭal-ʔa- |
|
|
shrivel, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*čuṭ- |
|
sibling (yr.) |
*talˑe |
|
|
|
*ʔate- |
|
*ʔaˑmo
|
sick |
|
|
|
|
*siken-me- |
*sike- |
|
sick, to get |
|
*kaˑji-n |
|
|
*sikeˑ-ny- |
|
|
sick person |
|
|
*ʔiˑna |
|
|
|
|
sift, to |
|
|
|
*puṣˑe ? |
|
|
|
sinew(Sp. niervo) |
|
*hurek |
|
|
*ṭupˑin, *ṭuˑpin |
*pa/osuˑka- |
*latˑik, *laˑtik
|
sing, to |
|
*ṣaˑwe |
|
|
*mylˑi- |
|
|
single |
|
|
|
|
*keŋˑe-tˑi- |
*luṭˑi- |
|
sink, to |
|
|
|
|
*čuˑn-u- |
|
|
sister (older) |
|
*taˑna(n) |
|
|
*teˑte- |
|
*woko
|
sister (yr.)! |
|
|
|
|
*kole-ˑ! |
|
|
sister’s husband |
|
|
|
*kaˑw |
|
|
|
sit, to |
*ṭakʷ-, *ṭokʷ- |
|
|
|
*huŋˑe-, *hyŋˑe- |
|
|
six |
|
*ṣakˑe-n |
|
|
|
*tem... |
*pačˑi-ṭak
|
skin |
|
*patˑa-h ? |
|
|
|
*ṭalka- |
|
skin, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*luṭˑu-, *luˑṭu- |
|
skin (plant), to |
|
|
|
|
*luˑku- |
|
|
skunk |
|
*jaˑwi |
*tihši-n |
|
|
*hisˑik |
*kaluk
|
skunk (spotted) |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭonˑoko(s) |
|
sky |
|
*ṭarah |
|
*wyˑče-, *wyčˑe(k) |
|
|
|
slap, to |
|
|
|
*meṭ-ja |
|
|
|
sleep |
*ʔeˑṭ, *ʔeṭˑy |
|
|
*ṭyje |
|
|
|
sleep, to |
*ʔeˑṭ-y- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
sleepy, to be |
|
*ʔeṭne-n |
|
|
|
|
|
slick, slippery |
|
|
|
|
*liṭˑa-ṭa- |
|
|
slicken, to |
|
|
|
*lik-ja- ? |
|
|
|
slide, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*čuluˑṣ-u- |
|
smear, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*wakˑa- |
|
smell (tV) |
*hukˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
smile, to |
|
|
|
*čuˑm... |
|
|
|
smoke (fire) |
*kaˑl |
|
|
|
*hakˑis |
|
|
smoke (fire), to |
|
*kaˑri |
|
|
*hakiˑs-y- |
|
|
smoke pipe, to |
*ṣumki ? |
|
|
|
|
*paʔmy- |
|
smoky, to get |
|
|
|
|
*haksi- |
|
|
snake,rattle- snake |
|
|
|
*wakˑa-ˑli |
|
|
|
snake (gopher) |
|
|
*koˑṭe-h |
|
|
|
|
snake (water) |
|
*liˑs... |
|
|
|
|
|
sneeze, to |
|
*ʔašnu ? |
|
|
*hatis, *hatsi- |
|
|
sniff around |
|
|
|
*huk-huk |
|
|
|
snore, to |
*loˑna(k) ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
snort, to |
|
|
|
|
*noṭaˑk-y- |
|
|
snot |
*šun... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
snow |
|
*wakˑa-n |
*jokop, *jopok |
|
|
*keˑla- |
|
snow, to |
|
|
*jokpo, *jopko |
|
|
*kelˑa- |
|
soak, to |
|
|
|
*čomˑa |
|
|
*čolˑa
|
soaproot |
|
|
|
|
|
*sakaˑn-i- |
*hakˑa-ṣ
|
soft |
|
|
|
|
*henˑa-na- |
*hop… |
|
someone |
*mi(n), *ma(n), *ʔam(ˑ)a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
something |
*hin-ṭi, *hin-ṭa |
|
|
|
*tinˑy- |
|
|
sometimes |
|
|
|
|
*luˑṭiˑ |
|
|
son |
|
*ʔinˑi-ṣ |
*mukˑe-h |
|
*ʔaŋsi- |
|
|
son-in-law |
|
|
|
|
*maniˑṣa- |
|
|
song |
|
*ṣaˑw |
|
|
*myˑli- |
|
|
soon |
|
|
|
|
*ʔena-t |
|
|
sorcerer |
*ʔuten ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
sore(s) |
*paˑṭal, *poˑčol. PMi, *ṭaˑm. |
|
|
*ṭaˑm. |
|
|
|
sores (nits) ? |
|
*ṣaˑkar |
|
|
|
|
|
soul |
|
|
*noṣˑow |
|
|
|
|
south |
|
*kaˑku-n |
|
|
*čymˑe-č |
|
|
southerner |
|
|
|
|
*čymˑe-to- |
|
|
southwest |
|
*ʔoli |
|
|
|
|
|
spank, to |
|
|
|
*met.-ja |
|
|
|
spark, sparkle |
|
|
|
|
|
*čatku- ? |
|
speak, to |
|
*ričˑa |
|
|
*liwˑa- |
|
*ʔaṭaw
|
spring (water) |
|
|
|
|
*ʔolˑol |
|
*ʔola(-ṣ)
|
spear |
|
|
|
|
*hylˑa-la- |
|
|
speckled |
*ṭona- ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
spider |
|
|
|
*pokˑum |
|
|
|
spider web |
|
|
|
|
|
*tyˑkema-, *tyˑkena- ? |
|
spill, to |
|
|
*laswi |
*molˑe |
*jolˑe- |
|
|
spine |
|
|
|
|
*koˑsot ? |
|
|
spirit |
|
|
*noṣˑow |
|
|
|
|
spit (saliva) |
|
*lu(ˑ)s(*lusˑe ?) |
|
|
|
*jyˑp |
*hakˑoj
|
spit, to |
|
*lus-wi |
|
*tukja, *tukṣe ? |
|
|
|
split, to |
*ʔaṭ-, *ʔoṭ- |
|
*šal..., *ṣa -ki |
|
*t.al-wa- |
|
|
split by itself |
|
|
|
|
*ʔaṭ-ˑu-ŋe-, *ʔoṭ-ˑu-ŋˑe- |
|
|
spotted |
*ṭona- ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
spray (dog), to |
|
|
|
*ʔoṭuṣ-pa |
|
|
|
spread out, to |
|
|
*tokˑo |
|
*heˑt-y- |
|
|
springtime |
|
|
|
|
*čitak-no- |
|
|
sprinkle, to |
|
|
|
*čiṭiˑ-ṭy-, *sit- |
|
|
|
sprout, to |
|
|
*mokˑo |
|
|
|
|
squeeze, to |
*čiˑnu, *ṭiˑnu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
squirrel (ground) |
|
*ʔeˑš |
*sičok-na |
|
*ṭiča-ṣ |
*ʔopuk(si) |
*čiṭe
|
squirrel (tree) |
|
|
|
|
|
*meˑwe- |
|
squirt, to |
|
|
|
*čiṭiˑ-ty- |
|
|
|
stab, to |
|
*ripˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
stammering |
|
|
|
|
|
*čepi- čypi- |
|
stamp, to |
|
|
|
|
*haˑṭ-y- |
|
|
stand, to |
|
|
|
|
*hačˑi-čˑy- |
|
*tala-ṣ
|
stand up, to |
|
|
*ličˑaj-pu, *lačˑaj-pu |
|
|
|
|
star |
|
|
*pakrar |
*ṭyʔle |
*hosˑakˑon-a- |
|
|
start, to |
*hojˑu ? |
*munˑi |
|
|
|
|
|
state of being |
|
|
|
|
*ʔučʔu- |
|
|
static |
|
|
|
*-č ? |
|
|
|
static perf. |
|
|
|
|
*-čˑo-ˑṣ-ak |
|
|
static vol. |
|
|
|
|
|
*-ˑsi- |
|
stative |
|
*-s-te, *-h-te |
|
|
|
|
|
stay, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔuˑč-u- |
|
steal, to |
|
|
*ha(ˑ)ṭa |
*wyl(ˑ)a |
|
|
|
stem suffix |
|
|
|
|
|
*-mY-, *-se |
|
step- (kinship) |
|
|
|
|
|
*-pu- |
|
step, to |
|
|
|
*hačˑi |
*haˑṭ-y- |
*haṭˑa-? |
|
stepdaughter |
|
|
|
*tunje |
|
|
|
stepfather |
|
|
|
|
*hajʔi |
|
*ʔola
|
stick |
|
*tapˑur |
|
*tumaj |
|
|
|
stick, to |
|
|
|
|
*hyl-ja- |
|
|
stick together |
|
*peṭˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
stick to s.t. |
|
|
|
|
*jutˑa- |
|
|
stick upright |
|
|
|
|
*čiˑp-y- |
|
|
stickers |
|
|
|
*ki li |
|
|
|
sticky |
|
|
|
|
*jutˑa-ta- |
|
|
still |
*ʔiṣˑa |
|
|
|
*nuna- |
|
|
stingy |
|
|
|
*haji (*hači ?) |
|
|
|
stink, to |
|
|
*ṭawri- |
|
*huk-si- |
*ṭok- |
|
stink bug |
|
*ʔunčuš-min |
|
|
*kynˑys-taˑli- |
|
|
stinky |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṭok-ṭok |
|
stone |
|
*ʔirak |
|
*lupˑu |
|
*ṣawa- |
|
stooped, to be |
|
|
*niṭli |
|
|
|
|
stop, to |
|
|
*kawra, *kawra-n, *ličˑaj-pu, *lačaj-pu |
|
*čel-ku-, *haˑč-y- |
|
|
story, myth |
|
|
|
|
*ʔutne- |
|
|
straddle, to |
|
|
|
*waṭa- |
|
*haṭaˑ-ly- |
|
strange |
|
|
|
|
|
*pyṣˑi- |
|
stranger |
|
|
|
|
|
*luṭˑi-, *luˑṭi-, *pyṣˑi- |
|
stream |
*wak... |
|
|
|
|
|
|
string |
|
|
|
*ṣyčˑa ? |
|
|
|
string beads, to |
|
|
*hiˑwu |
|
|
|
*kaṭi, *kačˑi <**kaṭ(ˑ)i
|
striped |
|
|
*hit.eˑ-pu |
|
|
*lyna... |
|
sturgeon ? |
|
*huˑraka |
|
|
|
|
|
subj. case |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*{-nu}
|
sub-morphemic sequence |
|
|
|
*...aj |
|
|
|
suck, to |
|
|
|
*čuˑt..., *ṣuˑt... |
|
|
|
suckerfish |
|
|
|
|
*ṣawakˑač |
|
|
summer |
|
|
|
|
|
*helak |
|
sun, sunny |
*hiṣ-me |
|
|
|
|
|
|
supper, to eat |
|
|
|
*mičem |
|
|
|
surface |
|
|
|
|
*lilˑe-mˑaṭy- |
|
|
survive, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*čoˑp-u- |
|
sycamore (Sp. aliso) |
|
*maˑra-h |
|
|
|
|
|
swaddle, to |
|
|
|
|
*hik-ni- |
|
|
swallow (bird) |
|
|
|
|
|
*salˑip |
|
swallow, to |
|
*horko |
|
*lak- |
*myʔty- |
|
|
swan (heron) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*kow-kow
|
sweat, to |
|
|
|
*ča(ˑ)py, *ča(ˑ)pa ? |
|
|
|
sweat house |
|
|
|
|
*čapy-(j-ˑa-) |
*han(ˑ)i-, *han(ˑ)e- |
|
sweet |
|
|
|
|
|
*čuj-čuj |
|
swell up, to |
|
|
*poˑko-n |
|
*makty- |
|
|
swift |
|
|
|
|
*hywˑa |
|
|
swim, to |
*ʔel... |
|
|
*ʔyp-ṣy |
|
|
|
swing, to |
|
|
|
|
*juṣe..., *juṣu... |
|
|
swing s.o., to |
|
|
*ʔejˑo, *ʔeˑjo |
|
|
|
|
tadpole |
|
|
|
|
*ʔapoṭˑo-ṭˑo- |
|
|
tail |
*koˑk |
*tuˑpuj |
|
|
*ṣuˑki- |
|
|
take, to |
|
*hoˑjo |
|
*wel-ki |
|
|
|
take care of |
|
|
|
*hajˑa |
|
|
|
take out, to |
|
*haw-j-i |
|
|
|
|
|
talk, to |
|
|
|
|
*liwˑa- |
|
*ʔaṭaw
|
tangle (snarl) |
|
|
*ročo(j) ? |
|
|
|
|
tarweed |
|
|
*jarka-ṣ |
|
|
|
|
tattoo |
|
|
|
|
*syk(ˑ)a- |
|
|
tea plant |
|
|
|
*huk... |
|
|
|
tear, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*tep-wa- |
|
tears |
*ʔiˑn, *ʔinˑy ? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
tears, to weep |
|
|
|
|
*čiweˑl-y- |
|
|
teeth, tooth |
*kyˑt, *kytˑy- |
|
|
*kyṭy- |
|
|
|
teeth (molar) |
|
*kaˑra-s, *karwa-s ? |
|
|
|
|
|
tell, to |
|
*ruta |
*monṣe |
|
*kojoˑw-u-, *liwˑa- |
|
|
tell myths, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔuteˑn-y- |
|
temporal |
|
*-wa ? |
|
|
*-ta- |
|
|
temporal case |
|
|
|
|
|
*{-no} |
|
ten |
|
|
*tanac/, *tanc/a-h-te |
|
*naʔaˑ-ča- |
|
|
tender (meat) |
|
|
|
|
*henˑa-na- |
|
|
tendon (Sp. niervo) |
|
*hurek |
|
|
|
*pasuˑka-, *posuˑka- |
*latˑik, *laˑtik
|
testicles |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣawtal |
|
that |
*hin-, *han-, *mi(n)-, *ma(n) |
|
|
*ʔiˑke, *ʔeˑke |
|
|
|
that one |
|
|
|
*ʔit(ˑ)e |
|
|
|
that, over there |
*noˑšu, *nošˑu |
*piˑna |
|
|
|
|
|
then |
|
|
|
|
*no-n |
|
|
there |
*ti ? |
|
|
*no(ˑ) |
|
|
|
these people |
|
|
|
*ne-kˑo |
|
|
|
they |
|
|
|
*ʔi-kˑo |
|
|
|
thick |
|
|
|
|
|
*lewˑy-ṣ |
|
thief |
|
|
|
*wyl(ˑ)a |
|
|
|
thigh |
|
|
|
*koˑwi |
|
*tun(ˑ)u, *tumu- ? |
|
thin (leaf) |
|
|
|
|
*čak- |
|
|
think, to |
|
*hinwi, *henwe |
|
*ta(ˑ)wy..., *tawˑy... |
*ṭyn-ṭyn-ny- |
*ṭonˑi- |
|
third |
|
|
|
|
|
*telko-pa- |
|
thirsty |
|
*ʔakˑi-n |
|
|
|
|
*lakˑo
|
this/here |
*neˑš, *nešˑy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
thorn |
|
|
|
|
*hylˑa-la- |
|
|
those |
|
*pin-ja |
|
|
|
|
|
thou, thy, thine |
*(m)in. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
thrasher (bird) |
|
|
|
|
*kulˑu-ˑṭi- |
|
|
three |
|
*kape-s |
|
|
|
|
|
throat |
|
*horko-ṣ |
|
|
*myʔˑyṭ-(ˑ)a- |
|
|
throw over-hand |
|
|
|
|
*čeˑʔ-y- |
|
|
thunder |
|
|
|
|
*timˑel-e- |
|
|
thunder, to |
|
|
|
|
*timeˑl-y |
|
|
tick(insect) |
|
*ṣaˑtar ? |
|
*ketˑa |
|
*huˑti- |
|
tick (small) |
|
|
*winsir-i |
|
|
|
|
tie, to |
|
|
|
|
*ṣ.yˑčy- |
*tyˑjy |
|
tiein a knot, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ṣotiˑl-y-, *sotli- |
|
tight |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*čučˑe
|
tighten, to |
|
|
|
*pit.- |
*ṣyṭ-ki- |
|
|
tip |
|
*tunˑe |
|
|
|
|
|
tired, to be |
|
|
|
|
*ṭan- |
|
|
toad |
|
|
*wakrač-min |
|
|
|
|
tobacco (wild) |
|
*maṭˑel |
|
|
*kaˑṣy- |
|
*kajaw
|
toe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
*kolo
|
together |
|
|
|
*kenˑe-t |
|
|
|
tongue |
|
*lasˑe-h |
|
|
|
*nepˑit |
*len/mtip
|
top |
|
|
|
|
*lilˑe-mˑaṭy- |
|
|
touch, to |
|
|
|
|
*hajˑe- |
|
|
tough |
|
|
|
*kaṭˑy |
|
|
|
towhee |
|
|
|
|
*ṭew(ˑ)en ? |
|
|
towhee, brown |
|
|
|
|
|
*čik-čik |
|
toy |
|
|
|
|
*ʔawin-ˑa- |
|
*ʔe·la ?
|
toyon |
|
|
*totʲˑo-n < **tojˑon |
|
|
*koˑso- |
|
tracks |
|
|
|
*kolo |
*haṭˑe- |
|
|
trade, to |
|
*karwi, *karwe |
|
|
|
*temaˑl-y- |
|
trail |
|
*ʔinˑu |
|
*muˑk, *mukˑu |
|
|
|
trail, to |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔenpu-, *ʔonpu- |
|
trail by scent |
|
|
|
|
*hukˑa- |
|
|
trample, to |
|
*jiṣˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
transitive |
|
|
|
|
|
*-wa |
|
transparent |
|
|
|
|
*čak- |
|
|
travel, to |
|
|
*ʔinju |
|
|
|
|
tree |
|
*ma(ˑ)ra-h, *tapˑur |
|
|
*laˑma- |
|
|
tremble, to |
|
|
|
*jutuṭ-ˑu-ṭˑu |
|
|
|
trout |
|
|
|
*ṭal..., *ṭol… |
*lapiˑsaj |
|
|
try, to |
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*menˑa(w), *meˑna(w) |
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tule (cattail) |
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*haˑle |
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tule (round) |
*loˑko-ṣ ? |
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*walakˑaj, *walˑakaj |
*liˑn, *linˑy- |
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turn into, to |
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turn over, to |
*ʔeṭ..., *ʔet... |
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turtle |
*ʔawan-, *ʔawin- |
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*meleˑ-ja
|
twelve |
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*ʔoṭik-ṣakeˑn-yʔ |
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twenty |
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*naʔˑa- |
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twine, to |
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*tewˑy |
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twin(s) |
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*ʔojˑa |
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twist, to |
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*paṭiˑ-wy- |
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two |
*ʔoṭi, *ʔoṭ- |
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two (counting) |
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*ʔoṭiˑ-jak |
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ugly |
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*ʔyṣyˑ-ṭa- |
|
uncle |
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*ʔetˑe |
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*hajʔi |
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uncle (mat.) |
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*kaˑka |
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uncle (pat.) |
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*ʔola
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understand, to |
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*ṭoleˑ-jy- |
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union |
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*himˑe-n |
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unite, to |
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*himˑe |
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untangle, to |
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*roč-wi |
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untie, to |
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*ṭokˑu- |
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up |
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*riˑni(h), *rinˑi(h) |
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*liˑle |
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upward |
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*liˑle-tˑy-t |
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urinate, to |
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*čala |
*ʔoṭ-ṣu |
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urine |
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*čala |
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*ʔoṭa- |
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use up, to |
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*takmy- |
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valley |
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*pyˑlaj |
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vanish, to |
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*ṣatpy- |
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veins |
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*ṭupˑin, *ṭuˑpin |
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verbalizer |
*-ty, *-wy, *-y |
*-še?, *-te, *-wi |
|
*-ṣy, *-ˑli- |
*-jY-, *-nY-, *-ŋkY-, *-ŋY-, *-sY- |
*-čY-, *-lY-, *-tY- |
|
verbal suffix |
*-ˑny ? |
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*-ke |
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very |
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*toˑko- |
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visit, to |
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*wareˑ-pi |
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*ʔemaˑ-jy- |
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vocative case |
*{-ˑ} |
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volitional |
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*-ko- |
*-eH-, *-ni- |
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vomit, to |
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*ʔaṭṣi |
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*hoˑne- |
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wade, to |
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*lyn... |
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wade across |
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*myˑŋ-y- |
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wail for dead |
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*jalaˑk-y |
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Wait! |
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*jeˑla! |
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wait, to |
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*hajˑa |
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wake up, to |
*talˑi, *tiˑli ? |
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*ʔaw-j-e-n, *ʔeṭ-we-n |
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walk, to |
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*hinˑe, *hinˑi, *ʔinju |
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*wyˑn-y- |
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want, to |
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*hiwse-n, *ʔunˑi |
*(h)eˑja(w) |
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*welak
|
war, to wage |
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*konaˑs-y- |
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warm |
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*mošˑe ? |
*pet... |
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*ṭom-ṭom |
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warm o.s., to |
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*komˑu- |
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wash, to |
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*čolˑa, *lolˑa
|
wash face, to |
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*mulak |
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wasp sp. |
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*poˑtor-, *poˑṭor- |
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watch, to |
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*hajˑa, *wel-, *wol- |
*ṭen- |
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water |
*kiˑk, *kikˑy- |
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water, to get |
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*ʔuṣ-te |
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watery, to get |
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*sipri-n |
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we, us, our |
*makṣi |
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we du. incl. |
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*ʔičˑi, *ʔiči, *ʔič |
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we pl. incl. |
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*ʔoṭi-ṭˑi- |
*-ṭič |
|
we two |
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*ʔoṭiˑ-me-, *ʔoṭi-m |
|
*ʔoč(ˑ)i, *ʔoč
|
weak |
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*henˑa-na- |
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|
weasel |
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*čaṭi
|
weep, tears |
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*čiwel |
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west |
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*ramˑa |
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wet |
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*čakaṣ, *puˑl |
*jyte- |
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wet, to |
*mol(ˑ)i |
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|
whale |
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*ṭimˑe |
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|
what |
*hin-, *han-, *hin-ṭi, *hin-ṭa |
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|
what? |
|
*hin-ka |
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*tinˑy- |
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|
what is that? |
|
*hin-ṭo |
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|
when? |
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*hin-wa |
|
*mi-ta-n |
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|
where? |
*min i, *man i |
|
*han i |
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|
which |
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|
*hampi |
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|
which? |
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|
while, a while |
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*haˑna-ʔ |
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|
whip, to |
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*meṭ-ja |
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|
whirl, to (wind) |
*pukuj |
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|
whirlwind |
*pukˑuj |
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|
whiskers |
*ʔuṭu |
*heˑjek/s |
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|
whisper, to |
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|
*ṣekoj |
|
|
|
whistle, to |
|
*kuˑji ? |
*huṣ-ke |
*kujak |
|
|
|
white |
|
|
|
*puṭu-, *poṭo- |
*kele-lˑi- |
|
|
who |
*mi(n)-, *ma(n) |
|
*hampi |
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|
|
wife |
|
*hawa,, *hawˑa |
|
|
*ʔoṣˑa- |
|
*kulˑe-ṣ
|
wife’s br. |
|
|
|
|
|
*wokˑoli-, *wokli- |
|
wildcat |
|
*toˑrom(a) ? |
|
*tolˑo-mˑa |
|
|
*toleṣ
|
willow sp. |
|
*riˑpi-n |
*tarha… |
|
|
|
|
win (game), to |
|
|
|
|
*luˑṣu- |
|
|
wind |
|
|
|
*hena |
|
|
|
wind (north) |
|
|
|
*kan(ˑ)ym ? |
|
|
|
wing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
wink, to |
|
|
|
*čitak |
|
*činpy- |
|
winnow, to |
|
|
|
*puṣˑe ? |
|
|
|
winter |
|
|
|
*ʔomču,, *ʔumču |
|
|
|
wolf |
|
|
*ʔumˑu-h |
*huˑn, *hunˑu |
|
|
|
woman |
|
*šurik,, **ṣulik |
|
|
*ʔoṣˑa- |
*ʔyṣyˑʔyṣ |
*počˑi-ṣ
|
womb |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔuˑč-a-ni- |
|
wood |
|
*tapˑur |
|
*tumaj |
|
*ṣyṣˑy- |
|
wood, to fetch |
|
|
|
*tumˑu |
*sunˑu- |
|
|
woodpecker |
*pala...? |
|
*čuruˑtu |
*pak-pak |
|
|
|
woodrat |
|
*hireh |
|
|
|
*lolˑok |
*julˑu
|
woods(Sp. monte) |
|
*hujˑa |
|
|
|
|
|
world |
*walˑi(p) |
*pire |
|
|
|
|
|
worm |
|
|
|
|
|
*keˑṣu-, *keˑsy- |
|
wormwood |
|
|
|
*kičin |
|
|
|
worn out |
|
|
|
*čaˑm ? |
|
|
|
worry, to |
|
|
|
|
*ṭyn-ṭyn-ny- |
|
|
wrap, to |
|
|
|
*paṭˑi- |
*topoˑn-u- |
|
|
wren (canyon) |
|
|
|
|
*ṣawa-n-ṭiˑṭi- |
|
|
wring out, to |
*čiˑnu, *ṭiˑnu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
wrinkle, to |
|
|
|
|
*čun-ta- |
|
|
wrong |
|
|
|
|
|
*pyṣˑi- |
*numa
|
year |
|
|
|
|
|
*ʔomuˑča-, *ʔumuˑča |
*walˑi
|
yellow- brown |
|
|
|
|
*ṭaja-, *ṭaṭa- ? |
|
|
yellow-green |
|
|
|
*čiwi-,, *ṣiwi- |
|
|
|
yellow-hammer |
*ṭiw(ˑ)ak |
|
|
|
|
|
|
yellow jacket |
|
*pinˑa-n |
|
*melna ? |
|
*ṣuṣˑu |
|
yes |
*hyˑʔy, *ʔyˑ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
yesterday |
|
*ʔujka |
|
|
|
|
|
you pl. |
*mokˑom |
|
|
*mi-kˑo, *mi-ko |
|
|
|
you pl. imv. |
*-ṭ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
you sg. |
*(m)in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
you sg. and I |
|
|
|
*ʔič(ˑ)i, *ʔič(ˑ)y |
|
|
|
young man |
|
*koˑṭo, *koṭˑo |
|
|
|
*sali- |
*heˑna-ṣ
|