Wiktionary

助

助 U+52A9, 助
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A9
← 动
[U+52A8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 努 →
[U+52AA]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

助 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 月一大尸 (BMKS), four-corner 74127, composition ⿰且力)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 146, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 330, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 368, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+52A9

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 助
alternative forms 㫑
𦔳
𧴧
𤋰
𠡎

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 助
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
虘 *zaːl, *zaː
蔖 *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣 *rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓 *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚 *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝 *ʔsjaː
謯 *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐 *ʔsjaːʔ
抯 *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷 *ʔsjaːʔ
且 *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄 *sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡 *sʰjaːs
查 *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤 *ʔsraː
樝 *ʔsraː
皻 *ʔsraː
渣 *ʔsraː
楂 *zraː
苴 *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔 *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租 *ʔsaː
蒩 *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖 *ʔsaːʔ
組 *ʔsaːʔ
珇 *ʔsaːʔ
靻 *ʔsaːʔ
粗 *sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂 *zaː
殂 *zaː
麆 *zaːʔ, *zras
伹 *zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆 *ʔsa, *sʰa
沮 *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀 *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽 *sʰa
雎 *sʰa
狙 *sʰa, *sʰas
岨 *sʰa
砠 *sʰa
坥 *sʰa, *sʰas
刞 *sʰas
覰 *sʰas
覷 *sʰas
跙 *zaʔ
筯 *das
菹 *ʔsra
葅 *ʔsra
阻 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎 *ʔsraʔ
詛 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏 *zra, *zraʔ
豠 *zra
鋤 *zra
耡 *zra, *zras
齟 *zraʔ
助 *zras

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zras): phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa) + semantic 力 (“strong arm”) – to help with one’s strength.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • câe̤ - vernacular;
  • cô - literary.
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 助
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡su⁵³/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
    Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
    Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡səu³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡su²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡su⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡su⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zu²³/
    Suzhou /zəu³¹/
    Hangzhou /d͡zu¹³/
    Wenzhou /zɤu²²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰu²²/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰəu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰəu⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /d͡zəɯ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰu²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
    Taoyuan /t͡sʰu⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔ²²/
    Nanning /t͡sɔ²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡sɔ²²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sɔ²²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sou²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡su⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡so³⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /to³³/ 訓佐
    Rime
    Character 助
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 牀據切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʒɨʌH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖ͡ʐiɔH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʒiɔH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖ͡ʐɨə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡ʒiɔH/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡ʒĭoH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯woH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zo6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 助
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzrjoH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[dz]ra-s/
    English help (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 助
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10457
    Phonetic
    component         		且
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		助
    Old
    Chinese         		/*zras/

    DefinitionsEdit

    助

    1. to help; to aid; to assist

    SynonymsEdit

    Synonyms of 助

    AntonymsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 助

    DescendantsEdit

    • → Thai: ช่วย (chûai)

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    助

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    NounEdit

    助(すけ) • (suke) 

    1. assistance

    PrefixEdit

    助(じょ) • (jo-) 

    1. help
    2. assistant

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    助 (eumhun 도울 조 (doul jo))

    1. Hanja form? of 조 (“help”).

    CompoundsEdit

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    助: Hán Nôm readings: trợ, rợ, chợ, chữa, đợ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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