Wiktionary

且

See also: 旦, 目, and 自
且 U+4E14, 且
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E14
← 专
[U+4E13] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丕 →
[U+4E15]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

且 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月一 (BM), four-corner 77100, composition ⿱⺝一 or ⿴𠀃𠄠)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №494

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29
  • Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 15, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E14

Further reading edit

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 且:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/四畫#且|一部/四畫]]

Wikisource

Bailang edit

Noun edit

且 (*tsɑʔ)

  1. Sun

References edit

  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 且
alternative forms 𠀇
𠀃

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 且
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Oracle bone script
 

j29048

 

j29049

 

j29050

 

j29051

 

j29052

 

j29053

 

j29054

 

j29055

 

j29056

 

j29057

 

j29058

 

j29059

 

j29060

 

j29061

 

j29062

 

j29063

 

j29064

 

j29065

 

j29066

 

j29067

 

j29068

 

j29069

 

j29070

 

j29071

 

j29072

 

j29073

 

j29074

 

j29075

 

j29076

 

j29077

 

j29078

 

j29079

 

j29080

 

j29081

 

j29082

 

j29083

 

j29084

 

j29085

 

j29086

 

j29087

 

j29088

 

j29089

 

j29090

 

j29091

 

j29092

 

j29093

 

j29094

 

j29095

 

j29096

 

j29097

 

j29098

 

j29099

 

j29100

 

j29101

 

j29102

 

j29103

 

j29104

 

j29105

 

j29106

 

j29107

 

j29108

 

j29109

 

j29110

 

j29111

 

j29112

 

j29113

 

j29114

 

j29115

 

j29116

 

j29117

 

j29118

 

j29119

 

j29120

 

j29121

 

j29122

 

j29123

 

j29124

 

j29125

 

j29126

 

j29127

 

j29128

 

j29129

 

j29130

 

j29131

Bronze inscriptions
 

b19394

 

b19395

 

b19396

 

b19397

 

b19398

 

b19399

 

b19400

 

b19401

 

b19402

 

b19403

 

b19404

 

b19405

 

b19406

 

b19407

 

b19408

 

b19409

 

b19410

 

b19411

 

b19412

 

b19413

 

b19414

 

b19415

 

b19416

 

b19417

 

b19418

 

b19419

 

b19420

 

b19421

 

b19422

 

b19423

 

b19424

 

b19425

 

b19426

 

b19427

 

b19428

 

b19429

 

b19430

 

b19431

 

b19432

 

b19433

 

b19434

 

b19435

 

b19436

 

b19437

 

b19438

 

b19439

 

b19440

 

b19441

 

b19442

 

b19443

 

b19444

 

b19445

 

b19446

 

b19447

 

b19448

 

b19449

 

b19450

 

b19451

 

b19452

 

b19453

 

b19454

 

b19455

 

b19456

 

b19457

 

b19458

 

b19459

 

b19460

 

b19461

Small seal script
 

s10640

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L35047

 

L17323

 

L17324

 

L17325

 

L17326

 

L17327

 

L17328

 

L17329

 

L17330

 

L17331

 

L17332

 

L30577

 

L02894

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
虘 *zaːl, *zaː
蔖 *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣 *rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓 *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚 *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝 *ʔsjaː
謯 *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐 *ʔsjaːʔ
抯 *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷 *ʔsjaːʔ
且 *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄 *sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡 *sʰjaːs
查 *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤 *ʔsraː
樝 *ʔsraː
皻 *ʔsraː
渣 *ʔsraː
楂 *zraː
苴 *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔 *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租 *ʔsaː
蒩 *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖 *ʔsaːʔ
組 *ʔsaːʔ
珇 *ʔsaːʔ
靻 *ʔsaːʔ
粗 *sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂 *zaː
殂 *zaː
麆 *zaːʔ, *zras
伹 *zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆 *ʔsa, *sʰa
沮 *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀 *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽 *sʰa
雎 *sʰa
狙 *sʰa, *sʰas
岨 *sʰa
砠 *sʰa
坥 *sʰa, *sʰas
刞 *sʰas
覰 *sʰas
覷 *sʰas
跙 *zaʔ
筯 *das
菹 *ʔsra
葅 *ʔsra
阻 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎 *ʔsraʔ
詛 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏 *zra, *zraʔ
豠 *zra
鋤 *zra
耡 *zra, *zras
齟 *zraʔ
助 *zras

Pictogram (象形) . Multiple interpretations:

  • A sacrificial vessel used for chopping and holding meat, as viewed from above (Wang, 1923) – original form of 俎 (OC *ʔsraʔ).
  • An erect penis, the symbol of the male ancestor (Guo, 1931) – original form of 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ).
  • A stone altar – original form of 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ).

In the oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, this character was commonly used as 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ). Usage as 俎 (OC *ʔsraʔ) is not attested until the Warring States period in the bamboo script.

Etymology edit

“and; also; almost; be going to”
Cognate with 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Note:
  • 2qia - vernacular;
  • 2qi - literary.
    Rime
    Character 且
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 麻 (100)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 七也切
    Baxter tshjaeX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰiaX/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰĭaX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰi̯aX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qiě
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ce2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 且
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qiě
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tshjæX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[tsʰ]Aʔ/
    English moreover

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 且
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10379
    Phonetic
    component         		且
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		且
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰjaːʔ/

    Definitions edit

    且

    1. this
    2. almost; nearly
    3. be going to; will; shall
    4. just; for the time being
    5. even (used for emphasis, often with a hypothetical extreme scenario)
    6. (dialectal Mandarin) for a long time
      這水太燙，且得晾會兒呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      这水太烫，且得晾会儿呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhè shuǐ tài tàng, qiě děi liàng huǐr ne. [Pinyin]
      This water is so hot; [it] need to be left alone to cool down for a long time.
      這活兒且幹不完呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      这活儿且干不完呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhèi huór qiě gàn bu wán ne. [Pinyin]
      There's still a lot of work to do .
    7. and; also (for juxtaposition)
      而且  ―  érqiě  ―  and; but also
      他的演講簡短且切中要害。 [MSC, trad.]
      他的演讲简短且切中要害。 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā de yǎnjiǎng jiǎnduǎn qiě qièzhòng yàohài. [Pinyin]
      His speech was short and to the point.
    8. both ... and ...
    9. or (to list alternatives)
    10. moreover (to indicate progression)
    11. if; assuming (to indicate hypotheticality)
    12. sentence-initial or sentence-medial modal particle
    13. a surname

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit

    Rime
    Character 且
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 精 (13)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 子魚切
    Baxter tsjo
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡siɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡siɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡siɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡si̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jū
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zeoi1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 且
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tsjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tsa/
    English [final particle]

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 且
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10413
    Phonetic
    component         		且
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		且
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔsa/

    Definitions edit

    且

    1. Alternative form of 俎 (zǔ, “chopping board”)
    2. many; numerous; flourishing
    3. sixth month in the lunar calendar
    4. sentence-final modal particle
    5. Alternative form of 駔／驵 (“steed”)

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 3 edit

    Definitions edit

    且

    1. Alternative form of 徂 (cú, “to go to”)

    Pronunciation 4 edit

    Definitions edit

    且

    1. Only used in 次且 (“hesitant in walking”).

    Pronunciation 5 edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 且 – see 祖 (“ancestor; forebear; forefather; grandparent; grandfather or grandmother; etc.”).
    (This character is an ancient form of 祖).

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    且

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. moreover
    2. also
    3. furthermore

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Related terms edit

    Etymology edit

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Hanja edit

    且 (eumhun 또 차 (tto cha))

    1. Hanja form? of 차 (“moreover; also”).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Hanja edit

    且 (eumhun 도마 조 (doma jo))

    1. Alternative form of 俎 (“Hanja form? of 조 (“a sacrificial altar; a cutting board, a chopping board”).”)

    Etymology 3 edit

    Hanja edit

    且 (eumhun 공경할 저 (gonggyeonghal jeo))

    1. (obsolete) Hanja form? of 저 (“respect”).

    References edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    且: Hán Việt readings: thả[1], thư[2], tồ[2]
    且: Nôm readings: thả[1], vã[3], vả[3]

    1. (literary) besides, again, moreover

    Descendants edit

    References edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (1999).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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