U+305F, た
HIRAGANA LETTER TA

[U+305E]
Hiragana
[U+3060]
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Stroke order
4 strokes

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji in the cursive sōsho style.

Pronunciation edit

Syllable edit

(ta

  1. The hiragana syllable (ta). Its equivalent in katakana is (ta). It is the sixteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is (ta-gyō a-dan, row ta, section a).
Derived terms edit
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

From たる (taru), the 連体形 (rentaikei, adnominal form) of the classical auxiliary verb たり (tari), in turn a contraction of てあり (te ari), from (te, conjunctive form of classical completion auxiliary (tsu)) + あり (ari).[1]

Doublet of てある (-te aru).

Alternative forms edit

  • (-da, when used on -bu, -gu, -mu, and -nu godan verbs)

Suffix edit

(-ta

  1. indicates a past or completed action
    昨日(きのう)(しゅっ)(ちょう)から(かえ)ってき
    Kinō shutchō kara kaette kita
    I returned from my business trip yesterday.
    (げん)稿(こう)をやっと()
    Genkō o yatto kaita yo
    I have finally finished my manuscript.
    (そう)()()わったら、ごみを()しに()きなさい
    Sōji ga owattara, gomi o dashi ni iki nasai
    Once you have finished cleaning, go dispose of the trash.
  2. indicates the realization of a situation that has not realized
    (はなし)()()(てん)(かんが)えよう
    Hanashi ga deta jiten de kangaeyō
    Let's talk about it later when that question actually comes up.
    (こん)()()ったとき(はな)すよ
    Kondo atta toki hanasu yo
    I will tell you when we meet next time.
  3. indicates the resulting state of an action
    ()ガラス(まど)から(かぜ)()()
    Wareta garasu mado kara kaze ga fukikomu
    The wind keeps blowing in through the broken glass window.
  4. at the end of a sentence:
    1. indicates speaker's declaration, confirmation, or sudden realization
      あれ、(きみ)はそこにいた
      Are, kimi wa soko ni ita no
      Oh, there you are.
      (ぼう)やは今年(ことし)いくつだった
      Bōya wa kotoshi ikutsu datta
      How old are you, boy?
      もうやめ
      Mō yameta
      I have had enough.
      (literally, “I have decided to give up.”)
      よし、その(しな)()
      Yoshi, sono shina katta
      Alright, I've decided to buy it.
      あと(たの)ぞ。
      Ato wa tanonda zo.
      I leave the rest to you.
    2. makes a light command
      ()
      Matta
      Wait!
      さあ、どんどん(ある)いた(ある)いた
      Sā, dondon aruita, aruita
      Go. Go. Don't stop.
      どいどい
      Doita, doita.
      Move out of the way, please.
Usage notes edit

This suffix follows the 音便 (onbin, euphonic changes) forms of certain part of speech classes, some of which cause the suffix (-ta) to be voiced as (-da):

Conjugation edit

See also edit

Etymology 3 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
S
[pronoun] (obsolete, persists in some fossilized expressions) interrogative personal pronoun: who, whom
(This term, , is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as , see Category:Japanese kanji read as た.)

Etymology 4 edit

/to wa//ta/

Phrase edit

(ta

  1. Contraction of とは (to wa): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
See also edit

Etymology 5 edit

/(-t̚) wa//(-t͡ɕɨ) wa//(-t͡sʉ) wa//(-t̚)ta/

Appears in noh and kyogen texts.

Contraction of any Sino-Japanese-derived term ending in a -t̚ 入声 (nisshō, entering tone) (-chi) or (-tsu) + particle (wa).

Particle edit

(ta

  1. (rare) Synonym of (wa):
Derived terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Old Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Alternative spelling

From Proto-Japonic *ta.[1]

Pronoun edit

(ta)

  1. interrogative personal pronoun: who
    • 711–712, Kojiki, (poem 94):
      美母呂爾都久夜多麻加岐都岐阿麻斯爾加母余良牟加微能美夜比登
      mi1-mo2ro2 ni tuku ya tamakaki1 tuki1amasi ta ni ka mo2 yo2ramu kami2 no2 mi1yapi1to2
      At Mimoro, / Built is a fine fence; / To leave behind; / Who should be approached? / Gods of the palace.
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
  • Japanese: (ta)

Etymology 2 edit

Alternative spelling

Very likely from Proto-Japonic *ta; compare *tamay (whence Old Japanese (tame2) and Okinawan (tami)).

Noun edit

(ta)

  1. a sake, reason
    • 749, Shoku Nihongi (Tenpyō-shōhō 1, first day of the fourth lunar month)
      所念種種法中爾波大御言國家護勝在聞召。
      KO2 wo OMOPOSE ba KUSAGUSA NO2 NO2RI NO2 NAKA nipa POTO2KE2 NO2 OPOMI1KO2TO2 si MI1KADO1 MAMORU ga ta nipa SUGARERU TARI to2 KI1KO2SIME1SU
      If you think about this, there are various customs that have inner traits under the Buddhas great words for the sake of the emperor's view that will be heard of.
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 808:
      , text here
      多都乃麻乎安礼波毛等米牟阿遠爾与志奈良乃美夜古邇許牟比等乃
      tatu no2 ma wo are pa moto2me2mu awoni yo2si Nara no2 mi1yako1 ni ko2mu pi1to2 no2 ta ni
      I would like to find a dragon horse for a person who will come to the capital of Nara where green earth is good.[2]
Usage notes edit
  • Takes either the particle (ni) or (no2).
Related terms edit

Etymology 3 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix edit

(ta-)

  1. prefixed to a verb, adjective, or adverb to indicate an adjusting tone
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, (poem 40):
      阿波旎辭摩異椰敷多那羅弭阿豆枳辭摩異椰敷多那羅弭豫呂辭枳辭摩之魔儾伽佐例阿羅智之吉備那流伊慕塢阿比瀰菟流慕能
      Apadi-sima iya putanarabi Aduki1-sima iya putanarabi yo2ro2siki1 simasima ta ka ta-sarearatisi Ki1bi2 naru imo wo api1mi1turu mono2
      Thou Island of Ahaji / With thy double ranges; / Thou Island of Adzuki / With thy double ranges / Ye good islands / Ye have seen face to face / My spouse of Kibi. [2]

References edit

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin[1], University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 67
  2. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2011) Man’yōshū (Book 5) - A New Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary, →ISBN, →ISBN