沖

沖 U+6C96, 沖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C96 ← 沕 [U+6C95] CJK Unified Ideographs 沗 → [U+6C97]

See also: 冲 and 盅

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

沖 (radical 85 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中 (EL), four-corner 3510₆, composition ⿰氵中)

1. pour, infuse, steep
2. wash away
3. abbreviation of Okinawa

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 611, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17209
• Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1565, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6C96

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ChineseEdit

trad.		沖
simp.		冲

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 沖
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
中	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	*tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
• Min Nan (POJ): chhèng / chhiong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: chōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: cung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cung¹
    • IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhèng / chhiong
    • Tâi-lô: tshìng / tshiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhexng, chiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɖɨuŋ/▼

Rime
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[d]ruŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*duŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ruŋ/
English	sound of cutting ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
No.	17416
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蟲
Old Chinese	/*duŋ/

VerbEdit

沖

1. to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash

   • 我觉得我得回家冲个澡。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     Wǒ juédé wǒ děi huíjiā chōng gè zǎo. [Pinyin]

     I think I'll go home and have a shower.

   • 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。 [MSC, trad.]

     许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 [MSC, simp.]

     Xǔduō fángwū bèi hóngshuǐ chōngzǒu le. [Pinyin]

     A lot of houses were washed away by the flood.

   • 他用水冲了把脸，然后刷牙。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     Tā yòng shuǐ chōng le bǎ liǎn, ránhòu shuāyá. [Pinyin]

     He splashed water on his face, then brushed his teeth.

2. to infuse; to make drinks
   • 冲茶  ―  chōng chá  ―  to make tea
   • 冲咖啡  ―  chōng kāfēi  ―  to make coffee

   • 给你的咖啡，按你的口味冲的。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     Jǐ nǐ de kāfēi, àn nǐ de kǒuwèi chōng de. [Pinyin]

     Here's your coffee, just the way you like it.

3. to soar; to rise; to shoot up
4. (of water) to dash against; to collide with
5. to develop (a film)
   • 冲胶卷  ―  chōng jiāojuǎn  ―  to develop a film

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms

• 沖沖／冲冲
• 沖淡／冲淡
• 沖服／冲服 (chōngfú)
• 沖積／冲积 (chōngjī)
• 沖劑／冲剂 (chōngjì)
• 沖涼／冲凉 (chōngliáng)
• 沖刷／冲刷 (chōngshuā)
• 沖塌／冲塌
• 沖天／冲天 (chōngtiān)
• 沖洗／冲洗 (chōngxǐ)

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

沖

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢゆう (dyū, historical)}
• Kan’on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)
• Kun: おき (oki); わく (waku)

NounEdit

沖 (hiragana おき, rōmaji oki)

1. open sea

Proper nounEdit

沖 (hiragana おき, rōmaji Oki)

1. A surname​.

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune-Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

沖 (trong, trùng, xung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

ReferencesEdit

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville