積極的

Chinese edit

		positive; dynamic; energetic positive; dynamic; energetic; active	adjective-forming suffix in Japanese
trad. (積極的)		積極	的
simp. (积极的)		积极	的

Etymology edit

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき) (sekkyokuteki).

Pronunciation edit

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chek-ke̍k-tek

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek-ke̍k-tek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik-ki̍k-tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zekkegdeg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² tiɪk̚³²/

Adjective edit

積極的

(Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) active (in contrast to passive)
- 上帝看世間人的慘狀，伊就成伊的旨意，將獨生子耶穌來建設新的律法，是積極的的，就是「著…」的誡命啦！ [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  上帝看世间人的惨状，伊就成伊的旨意，将独生子耶稣来建设新的律法，是积极的的，就是「着…」的诫命啦！ [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1928 April, 陳金然, 束縛才是自由, in 台灣教會報, issue 517 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
  Siōng-tè khòaⁿ sè-kan lâng ê chhám-chōng, I chiū chiâⁿ I ê chí-ì, chiong to̍k-seⁿ Kiáⁿ Iâ-so͘ lâi kiàn-siat sin ê lu̍t-hoat, sī chek-ke̍k-tek ê, chiū-sī "tio̍h...." ê kài-bēng lah! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  When God saw the wretched state of humanity, He fulfilled His will, allowing His Only Son Jesus to establish the new law, which is active, the commandments of "do..."!
- 可惜逐擺的台會是干焦取現狀維持的政策，致到袂通積極的的進行。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  可惜逐摆的台会是干焦取现状维持的政策，致到袂通积极的的进行。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1933 September, 潘道榮, 努力！奮鬥！, in 台灣教會公報, issue 582 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
  Khó-sioh ta̍k-pái ê Tâi-hoē sī kan-ta chhú Hiān-chōng î-chhî ê chèng-chhek, tì-kàu bē-thang chek-ke̍k-tek ê chìn-hêng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 人格就欲向上來入佇感謝歡喜滿滿的積極的生涯。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  人格就欲向上来入伫感谢欢喜满满的积极的生涯。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1941 September, 吳天命, 著背十字架, in 台灣教會公報, issue 678 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
  Jîn-keh chiū beh hiòng siōng lâi ji̍p tī kám-siā hoaⁿ-hí moá-moá ê chek-ke̍k-tek seng-gâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 彼个目的是欲閣較積極的推行羅馬字佇教會內。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  彼个目的是欲阁较积极的推行罗马字伫教会内。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1952 April, 董大成, 羅馬字運動, in 台灣教會公報, issue 760 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
  Hit ê bo̍k-tek sī beh koh-khah chek-ke̍k-tek chhui-hêng Lô-má-jī tī kàu-hōe lāi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  The goal is to promote Romanization in the church more actively.
- 今暗我咧聽你的話，聽著你咧講積極的所想的力量的代誌。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  今暗我咧听你的话，听着你咧讲积极的所想的力量的代志。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  From: 1964 January, Iông-bêng, 成功的路, in 台灣教會公報, issue 926 (originally in Pe̍h-ōe-jī)
  Kim-àm goá teh thiaⁿ lí ê oē, thiaⁿ-tio̍h lí teh kóng chek-ke̍k-tek só͘ siūⁿ ê le̍k-liōng ê tāi-chì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Usage notes edit

In this word borrowed from Japanese, 的 is a suffix, not a particle; it can be used before the native Min Nan particle 的 (ê) (see citations).

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
積	極	的
せき > せっ Grade: 4	きょく Grade: 4	てき Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology edit

Compound of 積極 (sekkyoku, “positive procession towards an objective; the positive pole”) +‎ 的 (teki, adjective-forming suffix).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) せっきょくてき [sèkkyókútékí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [se̞k̚ʲkʲo̞kɯ̟ᵝte̞kʲi]

Adjective edit

積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき) • (sekkyokuteki) ^{←せききよくてき (sekikyokuteki)^?}-na (adnominal 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき)な (sekkyokuteki na), adverbial 積(せっ)極(きょく)的(てき)に (sekkyokuteki ni))

proactive, positive, active, constructive

Inflection edit

Inflection of 積極的

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	積極的だろ	せっきょくてきだろ	sekkyokuteki daro
Continuative (連用形)	積極的で	せっきょくてきで	sekkyokuteki de
Terminal (終止形)	積極的だ	せっきょくてきだ	sekkyokuteki da
Attributive (連体形)	積極的な	せっきょくてきな	sekkyokuteki na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	積極的なら	せっきょくてきなら	sekkyokuteki nara
Imperative (命令形)	積極的であれ	せっきょくてきであれ	sekkyokuteki de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	積極的ではない積極的じゃない	せっきょくてきではないせっきょくてきじゃない	sekkyokuteki de wa nai sekkyokuteki ja nai
Informal past	積極的だった	せっきょくてきだった	sekkyokuteki datta
Informal negative past	積極的ではなかった積極的じゃなかった	せっきょくてきではなかったせっきょくてきじゃなかった	sekkyokuteki de wa nakatta sekkyokuteki ja nakatta
Formal	積極的です	せっきょくてきです	sekkyokuteki desu
Formal negative	積極的ではありません積極的じゃありません	せっきょくてきではありませんせっきょくてきじゃありません	sekkyokuteki de wa arimasen sekkyokuteki ja arimasen
Formal past	積極的でした	せっきょくてきでした	sekkyokuteki deshita
Formal negative past	積極的ではありませんでした積極的じゃありませんでした	せっきょくてきではありませんでしたせっきょくてきじゃありませんでした	sekkyokuteki de wa arimasen deshita sekkyokuteki ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	積極的で	せっきょくてきで	sekkyokuteki de
Conditional	積極的なら（ば）	せっきょくてきなら（ば）	sekkyokuteki nara (ba)
Provisional	積極的だったら	せっきょくてきだったら	sekkyokuteki dattara
Volitional	積極的だろう	せっきょくてきだろう	sekkyokuteki darō
Adverbial	積極的に	せっきょくてきに	sekkyokuteki ni
Degree	積極的さ	せっきょくてきさ	sekkyokutekisa

Antonyms edit

消極的(しょうきょくてき) (shōkyokuteki)

References edit

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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