Wiktionary

英

英 U+82F1, 英
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82F1
← 苰
[U+82F0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 苲 →
[U+82F2]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

英 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿中月大 (TLBK), four-corner 44530, composition ⿱艹央)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30808
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1484, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3192, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+82F1

Chinese edit

trad. 英
simp. # 英
alternative forms 偀 ancient

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (央) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鴦 *qaːŋ, *qaŋ
佒 *qaːŋ
咉 *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
眏 *qaːŋ
姎 *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
坱 *qaːŋʔ
映 *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs
泱 *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ
盎 *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
駚 *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ
軮 *qaːŋʔ
醠 *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
央 *qaŋ
秧 *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ
殃 *qaŋ
鞅 *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
鉠 *qaŋ, *qraŋ
雵 *qaŋ
胦 *qaŋ, *qroːŋ
柍 *qaŋʔ
詇 *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs
岟 *qaŋʔ
炴 *qaŋʔ
怏 *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
紻 *qaŋʔ
英 *qraŋ
瑛 *qraŋ
霙 *qraŋ
韺 *qraŋ
媖 *qraŋ
渶 *qraŋ
鶧 *qraŋ
楧 *qraŋ
暎 *qraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraŋ): semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ).

Etymology edit

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan & related to Mizo ân (“to open the mouth to receive food, to open to”) and âng (“to open (mouth), to gape with open mouth”), thus 英 (OC *qraŋ) evokes the mental image of an opening flower (Schuessler, 2007).

Besides, Schuessler points to Mizo êng (“light”) and Mizo ên (“to shine, to give light, bright, brilliant”) as well as notes Bahnar à:ŋ (“light”) (which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *cʔaiŋ (“light, to shine”)), though he suggests that these Austroasiatic and Mizo items may be related to 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) instead (ibid.)

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • iaⁿ - vernacular;
  • eng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 英
    Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /iŋ²¹/
    Jinan /iŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /iŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /iŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /iŋ²¹/
    Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /in⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /in⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ĩ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /in³¹/
    Hefei /in²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
    Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /iɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /in³³/
    Xiangtan /in³³/
    Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /in²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /jeŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /jiŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /eiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /eŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /eŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 英
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於驚切
    Baxter 'jaeng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔˠiæŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔᵚiaŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔiaŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔiajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiɐŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭɐŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯ɐŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jing1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 英
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔjæng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔ<r>aŋ/
    English young grass plants

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 英
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14510
    Phonetic
    component         		央
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		霙
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qraŋ/

    Definitions edit

    英

    1. (literary) flower; blossom
    2. (of a person) outstanding
      英才  ―  yīngcái  ―  person of outstanding ability
      英姿  ―  yīngzī  ―  heroic bearing
    3. fine; excellent
      英名  ―  yīngmíng  ―  illustrious name
    4. (literary) finest part; quintessence
      含英咀華／含英咀华  ―  hányīngjǔhuá  ―  to savour the merits of a literary work
    5. hero; outstanding person
      群英  ―  qúnyīng  ―  ensemble of talents
    6. Short for 英國／英国 (Yīngguó, “Britain”).
      英軍／英军  ―  yīngjūn  ―  British Armed Forces
    7. (obsolete) panache on a lance
    8. a surname
      英布  ―  Yīng Bù  ―  Ying Bu (warlord and vassal king who lived in the early Han dynasty)

    Compounds edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    英

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. English
    2. flower, petal
    3. hero

    Readings edit

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    英
    えい
    Grade: 4
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).

    The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation edit

    Proper noun edit

    英(えい) • (Ei) 

    1. Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).

    Affix edit

    英(えい) • (ei) 

    1. Short for 英吉利 (Igirisu, “United Kingdom”).
    2. Short for 英語 (eigo, “English (language)”).
    3. outstanding; outstanding person
    4. flower; calyx

    Derived terms edit

    Derived terms

    References edit

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese 英 (MC 'jaeng).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅙᅧᇰ (Yale: qyèng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 곳부리 (Yale: kwòspwùlì) 여ᇰ (Yale: yèng)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    英 (eumhun 꽃부리 영 (kkotburi yeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 영 (“the UK, Great Britain (in compounds, in news media)”).
    2. Hanja form? of 영 (“petal”). [affix]

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    Proper noun edit

    Hanja in this term
    英

    英 • (Yeong) (hangeul 영)

    1. (in headlines) Short for 英(영)國(국) (Yeongguk, “the United Kingdom”).

    Usage notes edit

    In news headlines, this is often written in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    英: Hán Việt readings: anh
    英: Nôm readings: anh, yêng

    Noun edit

    英 • (anh)

    1. Nôm form of anh (“older brother”).

    References edit

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