蛙
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
蛙 (radical 142, 虫+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈土土 (LIGG), four-corner 54114, composition ⿰虫圭)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1081, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1549, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2847, character 3
- Unihan data for U+86D9
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
蛙 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 鼃 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 街 | *kreː, *kreː |
| 鞋 | *ɡreː, *ɡreː, *ɡreː |
| 娾 | *ŋreː, *ŋreːʔ |
| 佳 | *kreː |
| 鮭 | *ɡreː, *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 涯 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 崖 | *ŋreː, *ŋre |
| 啀 | *ŋreː |
| 厓 | *ŋreː |
| 捱 | *ŋreː |
| 睚 | *ŋreːs |
| 娃 | *qreː |
| 洼 | *qreː, *qʷraː, *kʷeː |
| 哇 | *qreː, *qʷraː |
| 胿 | *ɡeː, *kʷeː |
| 溎 | *qeːns |
| 觟 | *ɡʷraːʔ |
| 黊 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː |
| 蘳 | *ɡʷraːʔ, *qʰʷe |
| 蛙 | *qʷraː, *qʷreː |
| 窪 | *qʷraː |
| 卦 | *kʷreːs |
| 挂 | *kʷreːs |
| 掛 | *kʷreːs |
| 詿 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs |
| 罣 | *kʷreːs, *ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs |
| 絓 | *kʰʷreː, *ɡʷreːs |
| 鼃 | *ɢʷreː, *qʷreː |
| 圭 | *kʷeː |
| 珪 | *kʷeː |
| 邽 | *kʷeː |
| 閨 | *kʷeː |
| 袿 | *kʷeː |
| 窐 | *kʷeː, *ɡʷeː |
| 茥 | *kʷeː, *kʰʷeː |
| 桂 | *kʷeːs |
| 筀 | *kʷeːs |
| 奎 | *kʰʷeː |
| 刲 | *kʰʷeː |
| 蝰 | *kʰʷeː |
| 楏 | *kʰʷeː |
| 睳 | *qʰʷeː |
| 畦 | *ɡʷeː |
| 眭 | *ɡʷeː, *sqʰʷe, *qʰʷe, *qʰʷi |
| 烓 | *qʷeː, *kʰʷeːŋʔ |
| 跬 | *kʰʷeʔ |
| 恚 | *qʷes |
| 硅 | *qʰʷreɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː): semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Onomatopoeic?”)
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
蛙
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
蛙
- Only used in 蝭蛙.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: え (e)←ゑ (we, historical)
- Kan-on: わ (wa); わい (wai)
- Kan’yō-on: あ (a)
- Kun: かえる (kaeru, 蛙)←かへる (kaferu, historical); かわず (kawazu, 蛙)←かはづ (kafadu, historical)
- Nanori: かえる (kaeru)
Etymology 1Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| かえる Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/
From Old Japanese.
Only found once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree.[1] Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).[2]
The ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:
- Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn
- Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles
- Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru
The phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru.[3] This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.
Now the most common term for frog.
PronunciationEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
- a frog (amphibious animal)
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where it is customary), as カエル.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| かわず Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/
The more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above).[2] Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[7]
The ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).
The phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.[8]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- (poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)
- 1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
- 古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音
- ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと
- (modern kana: ふるいけやかわずとびこむみずのおと)
- furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto
- old pond -- a frog jumps in -- the sound of water
- 古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音
- 1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
- (Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person
Derived termsEdit
- 井の中の蛙大海を知らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu): “a frog in a well does not know the great ocean” → metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience
Etymology 3Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| かいる Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/
Sound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.[9]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Etymology 4Edit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蛙 |
| あ Hyōgaiji |
| kan’yōon |
AffixEdit
- frog (amphibious animal)
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 8, poem 1623), text here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here towards the bottom of the right-hand column
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 356), text here
- ^ 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
- ^ 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fourth entry in the right-hand column, defined in Portuguese as raã, typographic variant of rãa, earlier form of modern rã (“frog”)
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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