解放

Chinese

		to loosen; to untie; to explain to loosen; to untie; to explain; to remove; to divide; to dissolve; to solve; solution; send under escort	to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out
trad. (解放)		解	放
simp. #(解放)		解	放

Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiěfàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai² fong³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kié-fong / kiái-fong
• Eastern Min (BUC): gāi-huóng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kái-hòng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cia-faon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiěfàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiěfàng
    • Wade–Giles: chieh³-fang⁴
    • Yale: jyě-fàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieefanq
    • Palladius: цзефан (czefan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaai² fong³
    • Yale: gáai fong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaai² fong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gai² fong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kié-fong
    • Hakka Romanization System: gie^ˋ fong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gie³ fong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯e³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiái-fong
    • Hakka Romanization System: giai^ˋ fong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giai³ fong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯ai̯³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gāi-huóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kai³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)uɔŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-hòng
    • Tâi-lô: kái-hòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kay'hoxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵cia-faon
    • MiniDict: cia^去 faon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jia-faan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: keaX pjangH

Rime
Character	解	放
Reading #	2/4	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	佳買切	甫妄切
Baxter	keaX	pjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛX/	/pʉɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæX/	/pʷiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kæiX/	/piuɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjX/	/puaŋH/
Li Rong	/kɛX/	/piuaŋH/
Wang Li	/kaiX/	/pĭwaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kaiX/	/piwaŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎ	fàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai2	fong3

Verb

解放

1. (ergative) to liberate; to emancipate; to free

   思想解放  ―  sīxiǎng jiěfàng  ―  ideological emancipation

2. (Mainland China, specifically, of the People's Republic of China) to overthrow Kuomintang rule on October 1, 1949

   • 以致全國解放了兩年以後的今天，還有許多封建殘餘勢力，站在建築工人群衆頭上，作威作福。 [MSC, trad.]
     以致全国解放了两年以后的今天，还有许多封建残余势力，站在建筑工人群众头上，作威作福。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1952, 改革和發展建築業的新動力, in 《蘇長有先進砌磚法及其他》, page 5, originally published in 《工人日報》 (Workers' Daily)

     Yǐzhì quánguó jiěfàng le liǎng nián yǐhòu de jīntiān, háiyǒu xǔduō fēngjiàn cányú shìlì, zhàn zài jiànzhù gōngrén qúnzhòng tóushang, zuòwēizuòfú. [Pinyin]

     Such that even two years after the national liberation, many remaining feudal factions are still able to abuse their power on the masses and the workers.

   • 把解放了八年的中國還當作一個基本上沒有上軌道的，需要用什麼特別方式來治理的國家 [MSC, trad.]
     把解放了八年的中国还当作一个基本上没有上轨道的，需要用什么特别方式来治理的国家 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1957, 杨兆龙, 我国重要法典何以迟迟还不颁布——社会主义建设中的立法问题, in 《政法界右派分子谬论汇集》, page 60, originally published in 《新闻日报》

     bǎ jiěfàng le bā nián de zhōngguó hái dāngzuò yī ge jīběnshàng méiyǒu shàngguǐdào de, xūyào yòng shénme tèbié fāngshì lái zhìlǐ de guójiā [Pinyin]

     Treating China liberated after 8 years as a country basically not on track, and should be governed by some special methods.

   • 我國有五十多個少數民族，解放前，它們的社會發展階段是不同的 [MSC, trad.]
     我国有五十多个少数民族，解放前，它们的社会发展阶段是不同的 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1983, 朱宜初, 谈民族民间文学的人民性和民族性, in 《云南少数民族文学论集》, page 40

     Wǒguó yǒu wǔshí duō ge shǎoshù mínzú, jiěfàng qián, tāmen de shèhuì fāzhǎn jiēduàn shì bùtóng de [Pinyin]

     China has over fifty ethnic minorities. Before Liberation, they differed in their stages of social development

   • 解放那年我進了共產黨的專政部門——公安局。 [MSC, trad.]
     解放那年我进了共产党的专政部门——公安局。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2011, 谭松, 因真话惹祸，靠假话获益——金践之, in 《长寿湖——一九五七年重庆長寿湖右派采访录》, page 138

     Jiěfàng nà nián wǒ jìn le gòngchǎndǎng de zhuānzhèng bùmén — gōng'ānjú. [Pinyin]

     During the year of liberation, I entered the Communist Party's totalitarian agency — the public security bureau

Proper noun

解放

1. (～區) Jiefang (a district of Jiaozuo, Henan, China)
2. (～社區) Jiefang (a residential community of Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

Derived terms

• 動物解放／动物解放 (dòngwù jiěfàng)
• 性解放 (xìngjiěfàng)
• 解放區／解放区 (jiěfàngqū)
• 解放戰爭／解放战争 (Jiěfàng Zhànzhēng)
• 解放神學／解放神学 (jiěfàngshénxué)
• 解放路 (Jiěfànglù)
• 解放軍／解放军 (jiěfàngjūn)
• 解放鞋 (jiěfàngxié)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (解放):

• → Japanese: 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)
• → Korean: 해방(解放) (haebang)
• → Vietnamese: giải phóng (解放)

Others:

• → Zhuang: gaijfang

See also

• 敁放

Japanese

Kanji in this term
解	放
かい Grade: 5	ほう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かいほー [kàíhóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠iho̞ː]

Noun

解(かい)放(ほう) • (kaihō) ^{←かいはう (kaifau)?}

1. liberation, absolution

Antonyms

• 束縛(そくばく) (sokubaku): restraint
• 制約(せいやく) (seiyaku): limit

Verb

解(かい)放(ほう)する • (kaihō suru) ^{←かいはう (kaifau)?}transitive suru (stem 解(かい)放(ほう)し (kaihō shi), past 解(かい)放(ほう)した (kaihō shita))

1. to release, to unleash, to set free, to absolve

   ストレスから解放(かいほう)される

   sutoresu kara kaihō sareru

   be released from stress

Conjugation

Conjugation of "解放する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	解放し	かいほうし	kaihō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	解放し	かいほうし	kaihō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	解放する	かいほうする	kaihō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	解放する	かいほうする	kaihō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	解放すれ	かいほうすれ	kaihō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	解放せよ¹ 解放しろ²	かいほうせよ¹ かいほうしろ²	kaihō seyo¹ kaihō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	解放される	かいほうされる	kaihō sareru
Causative	解放させる 解放さす	かいほうさせる かいほうさす	kaihō saseru kaihō sasu
Potential	解放できる	かいほうできる	kaihō dekiru
Volitional	解放しよう	かいほうしよう	kaihō shiyō
Negative	解放しない	かいほうしない	kaihō shinai
Negative continuative	解放せず	かいほうせず	kaihō sezu
Formal	解放します	かいほうします	kaihō shimasu
Perfective	解放した	かいほうした	kaihō shita
Conjunctive	解放して	かいほうして	kaihō shite
Hypothetical conditional	解放すれば	かいほうすれば	kaihō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
解	放

Noun

解放 • (haebang) (hangeul 해방)

1. hanja form^? of 해방 (“liberation; independence”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
解	放

Verb

解放

1. chữ Hán form of giải phóng (“to liberate; to free; to emancipate”).