鷓鴣

See also: 鹧鸪

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (鷓鴣)		鷓	鴣
simp. (鹧鸪)		鹧	鸪

Etymology

Perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit चकोर (cakora, “partridge”) (Ali, 1949 and Schafer, 1967; apud Bocci & Ptak, 2016).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhègū

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˋ ㄍㄨ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ze² gu¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ze³ gu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cha-kû
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciá-gŭ
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chià-ko͘ / chèe-ko͘ / chè-ko͘
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhe⁴ gu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhègū
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˋ ㄍㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhègu
    • Wade–Giles: chê⁴-ku¹
    • Yale: jè-gū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jehgu
    • Palladius: чжэгу (čžɛgu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵¹ ku⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ze² gu¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zegu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛ²¹ ku⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ze³ gu¹
    • Yale: je gū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dze³ gu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zé³ gu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː³³ kuː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha-kû
    • Hakka Romanization System: za gu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: za⁴ gu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵ ku²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciá-gŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sia²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)u⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chià-ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsià-koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciarkof
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sia⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sia¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sia²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe-ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsèe-koo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-ko͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsè-koo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zea'kof
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhe⁴ gu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂɤ̞⁴⁵ ku²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sɤ̞⁴⁵ ku²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyaeH ku

Rime
Character	鷓	鴣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	之夜切	古胡切
Baxter	tsyaeH	ku
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiaH/	/kuo/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiaH/	/kuo/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiaH/	/ko/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaH/	/kɔ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiaH/	/ko/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭaH/	/ku/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯aH/	/kuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhè	gū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ze3	gu1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːɡs  kaː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鷓	鴣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11897	4216
Phonetic component	庶	古
Rime group	暮	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	柘	孤
Old Chinese	/*tjaːɡs/	/*kaː/
Notes		見山海經

Noun

鷓鴣

1. francolin; partridge (usually a member of Francolinus)

   • 鷓鴣，吳，楚之野悉有。嶺南偏多此鳥。肉白而脆，遠勝雞雉。能解葛幷菌毒。臆前有白圓點，背上間紫赤毛。其大如野雞，多對啼。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     鹧鸪，吴，楚之野悉有。岭南偏多此鸟。肉白而脆，远胜鸡雉。能解葛并菌毒。臆前有白圆点，背上间紫赤毛。其大如野鸡，多对啼。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era), 978 CE

     Zhègū, Wú, Chǔ zhī yě xī yǒu. Lǐngnán piān duō cǐ niǎo. Ròu bái ér cuì, yuǎn shèng jīzhì. Néng jiě gě bìng jūn dú. Yìqián yǒu bái yuándiǎn, bèishàng jiān zǐchì máo. Qí dà rú yějī, duō duì tí. [Pinyin]

     Chinese francolins can be found everywhere in the open fields of Wu and Chu and are [also] widely spread in Lingnan. Their white, tender meat is by far better than chicken or pheasant [meat], and it can act as an antidote against poisoning by the pueraria pea and mushrooms. [These birds] have white dots on the breast and purple-reddish feathers in the middle of the back. They are as big as wild fowl and often tweet to one another.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鷓鴣 (“francolin”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鷓鴣
Mandarin	Ürümqi	鷓鴣
	Wuhan	鷓鴣
	Chengdu	鷓鴣
	Liuzhou	鷓鴣, 鷓鴣鳥
	Xuzhou	鷓鴣
Cantonese	Hong Kong	鷓鴣
	Dongguan	鷓鴣
Gan	Lichuan	鷓鴣
	Pingxiang	鷓鴣鳥
Hakka	Meixian	鷓鴣仔
	Yudu	鷓鴣鳥
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鷓鴣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鷓鴣
Southern Min	Tainan	鷓鴣
	Leizhou	赤鴣鳥
	Haikou	鵲鴣
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鷓鴣
Wu	Ningbo	鷓鴣
	Wenzhou	越雉
Xiang	Changsha	鷓鴣

Derived terms

• 地鷓鴣／地鹧鸪 (dìzhègū)
• 瑞鷓鴣／瑞鹧鸪
• 鷓鴣名／鹧鸪名
• 鷓鴣天／鹧鸪天
• 鷓鴣姨／鹧鸪姨
• 鷓鴣斑／鹧鸪斑
• 鷓鴣枕／鹧鸪枕
• 鷓鴣沉／鹧鸪沉
• 鷓鴣花／鹧鸪花
• 鷓鴣菜／鹧鸪菜
• 鷓鴣詞／鹧鸪词
• 鷓鴣辭／鹧鸪辞
• 鷓鴣音／鹧鸪音

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鷓鴣):

• → Japanese: 鷓(しゃ)鴣(こ) (shako)
• → Korean: 자고(鷓鴣) (jago)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
鷓	鴣
しゃ Hyōgaiji	こ Hyōgaiji
kan’on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しゃ​こ [sháꜜkò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ko̞]

Noun

鷓(しゃ)鴣(こ) or 鷓鴣(シャコ) • (shako) 

1. francolin