夜

See also: 亱

夜 U+591C, 夜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-591C ← 夛 [U+591B] CJK Unified Ideographs 夝 → [U+591D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

夜 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人弓大 (YONK), four-corner 0024₇, composition ⿱亠⿰亻⿴夂丶)

Derived characters

• 液, 鵺, 腋, 掖, 𨿤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5763
• Dae Jaweon: page 490, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 285, character 1
• Unihan data for U+591C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		夜
alternative forms		亱 𠙇 𠙑 𡖍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夜
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
夜	*laːɡs
鵺	*laːɡs
迹	*ʔsleːɡ
跡	*ʔsleːɡ
亦	*laːɡ
弈	*laːɡ
奕	*laːɡ
帟	*laːɡ
腋	*laːɡ
掖	*laːɡ
焲	*laːɡ
液	*laːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡs) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 夕 (“moon”). 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) may also serve as another phonetic component.

The lower-right portion is a corruption/graphical variant of 夕 (xī); the remainder (亠 + 亻) is a reduced and distorted form of 亦 (yì), used phonetically.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”) (STEDT); cognate with Mizo zân (“night”), Burmese ည (nya., “night”).

Schuessler (2007) believes 夜 (OC *laːɡs) and 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ) are distinct as Tibeto-Burman keeps the etyma *ja-n (“night”) and *s-r(j)ak (“day; day (24 hours); night”) strictly separate. However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) suggest that 夜 (yè) and 夕 (xī) have clear etymological connections and thus reconstructs similar finals in both words.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yè (ye⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ye⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): е (i͡ə, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁶, je^6-2
• Gan (Wiktionary): ia⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ya

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ya⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): ie³
• Northern Min (KCR): iā
• Eastern Min (BUC): iâ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iā

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ia⁷

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶ya
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ia⁵ / ie⁵ / ie⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yè
    • Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
    • Yale: yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ye⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ie
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛ²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: е (i͡ə, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iə⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: je⁶, je^6-2
    • Yale: yeh, yé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁶, je^6-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁶, yé^6-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː²²/, /jɛː²²⁻³⁵/

Note: je6-2 - “night shift”.

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ia⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
    • Hakka Romanization System: ia
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯a⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ya⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ya⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ia⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ie³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɑ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iā
    • Tâi-lô: iā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ia
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ia⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶ya
    • MiniDict: ya^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhia
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ia⁵ / ie⁵ / ie⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠²¹/, /i̯e̞²¹/, /i̯e̞⁴⁵/

Note:

• ia5/ie5 - vernacular;
• ie4 - literary.

---

• Middle Chinese: yaeH

Rime
Character	夜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊謝切
Baxter	yaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/iaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaH/
Li Rong	/iaH/
Wang Li	/jĭaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]Ak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yè
Middle Chinese	‹ yæH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]Ak-s/
English	night
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夜
Reading #	1/1
No.	14992
Phonetic component	亦
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	夜
Old Chinese	/*laːɡs/

Definitions

夜

1. night

   See also: 晚

   晝短夜長／昼短夜长  ―  zhòu duǎn yè cháng  ―  short days and long nights

   • 夜來風雨聲，花落知多少？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夜来风雨声，花落知多少？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Meng Haoran, 《春曉》, translated by Xu Yuanchong

     Yè lái fēngyǔ shēng, huā luò zhī duōshǎo? [Pinyin]

     After one night of wind and showers, how many are the fallen flowers!

2. (Cantonese) late (in the night)

   我呢排晚晚都好夜先返屋企。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   ngo⁵ ni¹ paai⁴ maan⁵ maan⁵ dou¹ hou² je⁶ sin¹ faan¹ uk¹ kei². [Jyutping]

   Recently, I've been going home quite late in the night.

   我夜啲先走都得。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   ngo⁵ je⁶ di¹ sin¹ zau² dou¹ dak¹. [Jyutping]

   I can leave later in the evening.

3. Classifier for the number of nights.

   三天兩夜／三天两夜  ―  sān tiān liǎng yè  ―  three days and two nights

4. (Cantonese) night shift; night work

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 晚上 (“late evening; night”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		夜, 夕, 暮, 暮夜, 宵, 暝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		晚上, 夜間, 晚間, 夜晚
Mandarin	Beijing	晚上, 黑間, 黑家, 黑下, 晚半晌兒, 後晌
	Taiwan	晚上
	Tianjin	晚上, 晚半晌兒, 晚晌兒, 後晌兒, 黑後晌兒, 黑晌兒, 黑下
	Langfang	黑嘍
	Tangshan	晚上, 黑家
	Cangzhou	晚上, 黑下
	Baoding	晚上, 黑家
	Shijiazhuang	黑家
	Daming	黑瞎
	Harbin	晚上, 下黑兒, 下晚兒黑, 黑家, 黑下, 夜裡
	Yantai (Muping)	光晌黑兒, 黑子兒
	Weifang (Weicheng)	後晌
	Weifang (Fangzi)	後上
	Weifang (Hanting)	後上
	Changyi	下晚兒
	Gaomi	下晚兒, 後晌
	Zhucheng	後晌
	Anqiu	後晌
	Changle	後上
	Linqu	後上
	Qingzhou	後上
	Shouguang	後上
	Rizhao	後晌
	Wulian	後晌
	Jinan	後晌, 晚上, 夜裡, 黑夜
	Luoyang	黑地
	Wanrong	黑間, 黑家
	Kaifeng	黑嘍
	Xi'an	黑咧
	Yinchuan	晚夕, 晚上
	Lanzhou	晚夕
	Xining	晚夕
	Ürümqi	黑裡, 晚上, 晚夕
	Wuhan	晚上, 黑了, 夜晚, 夜晚心, 夜心
	Chengdu	黑了, 晚上
	Chongqing	晚上, 晚黑
	Guiyang	晚些家, 晚些, 晚上家, 晚上, 下晚
	Kunming	晚辰, 晚起, 晚辰家
	Guilin	晚上
	Liuzhou	晚夜, 夜晚, 晚上, 夜裡, 夜晚頭
	Tianlin (Langping)	夜晚
	Xuzhou	黑來, 晚黑, 夜來
	Yangzhou	晚上
	Nanjing	晚上, 夜裡頭, 夜裡
	Hefei	晚上
	Chuzhou	夜裡
	Nantong	夜頭
	Singapore	晚上
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	夜, 黑了
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	下晚兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	夜晚黑, 夜晚, 晚黑, 晚頭, 晚頭夜, 晚頭黑
	Hong Kong	夜晚黑, 夜晚, 晚黑, 晚頭 rare, 晚頭夜 rare, 晚頭黑 rare
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	入夜, 晚頭黑
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	夜晚黑, 夜晚
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	夜晚頭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	夜晚, 夜晚頭
	Macau	晚頭黑, 夜晚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	夜晚黑
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	晚頭黑
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	夜晚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	夜晚黑
	Foshan	夜晚黑
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	夜晚黑
	Foshan (Shunde)	夜晚
	Foshan (Sanshui)	夜晚
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	夜晚
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	晚黑
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	夜晚黑
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	夜晚黑
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	夜晚黑
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	晚黑
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	晚黑
	Taishan	夜晚, 夜晚黑, 晚黑, 黑晚, 夜黑, 晚頭, 晚頭黑
	Taishan (Guanghai)	晚上
	Kaiping (Chikan)	夜晚, 夜晚黑, 晚黑
	Enping (Niujiang)	黑晚夜
	Heshan (Yayao)	晚黑, 夜晚
	Dongguan	晚頭黑, 晚頭, 晚黑
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	晚頭
	Qingyuan	夜晚
	Fogang	夜晚
	Yingde (Hanguang)	夜晚黑
	Yangshan	夜頭
	Lianshan (Butian)	夜頭
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	夜頭
	Shaoguan	夜晚黑
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	夜晚
	Renhua	夜晚
	Lechang	夜晚
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	夜晚, 晚頭
	Sihui	夜晚黑
	Guangning	夜晚夜
	Deqing	夜晚黑
	Huaiji	夜, 夜晚
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	夜晚
	Yunfu	夜晚黑
	Xinxing	晚黑
	Luoding	夜晚
	Yunan (Pingtai)	晚黑
	Yangjiang	晚黑, 夜晚黑
	Xinyi	晚黑
	Maoming (Xinpo)	晚黑, 晚間黑
	Lianjiang	晚黑
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	晚間
	Nanning	夜晚
	Wuzhou	晚黑
	Yulin	夜墨
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	斷暗, 夜晚頭
	Guiping	夜晚
	Guiping (Jintian)	夜晚
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	夜晚, 晚黑, 夜裡
	Guiping (Madong)	夜頭
	Mengshan (Xihe)	夜晚
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	夜晚
Beiliu (Tangliao)	夜晚
Baise	夜晚
Bobai	夜裡頭
Lingshan	夜裡頭
Pubei	夜晚
Qinzhou	晚頭
Beihai	晚頭, 晚頭黑
Beihai (Nankang)	黑, 晚黑頭, 晚間頭
Beihai (Yingpan)	晚頭黑
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	晚黑, 晚間頭
Ningming	晚上
Hengzhou	到夜
Hezhou (Pumen)	夜頭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	晚黑, 夜晚
Danzhou	烏昏
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	夜裡
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	晚頭, 夜晚
Singapore (Guangfu)	夜晚
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	晚黑, 夜晚
Móng Cái	晚黑, 夜晚
Yangon (Taishan)	晚頭
Mandalay (Taishan)	夜
Gan	Nanchang	夜晚, 夜裡
	Pengze	夜裡
	Lichuan	夜上
	Pingxiang	夜晡仔, 夜晡
Hakka	Meixian	暗晡頭, 暗晡夜, 夜晡, 暗晡
	Xingning	暗晡, 夜晡頭
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	黑晚
	Huiyang	晚晨夜, 夜晡頭
	Huidong (Daling)	暗晡夜, 晚晨夜
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	夜晡晨, 晚晨夜
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	夜晡晨
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	夜晚
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	暗晡, 暗晡夜, 夜晡晨, 夜晡頭
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	暗矕
	Wengyuan	夜晡頭
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	夜晡夜, 夜子頭
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	夜晡頭
	Liannan	夜晡頭
	Conghua (Lütian)	夜晡夜
	Jiexi	暗晡頭
	Luhe	夜晡時, 暗夜仔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	暗晡時頭
	Changting	暗晡
	Wuping	暗晡
	Wuping (Yanqian)	夜晡, 夜晡頭
	Wuping (Pingyu)	夜晡, 暗晡
	Liancheng	暗邊, 夜晡
	Liancheng (Peitian)	夜晡夜
	Ninghua	夜頭, 夜邊
	Yudu	夜晡, 暗晡
	Ningdu	夜晡晨
	Ruijin	夜晡
	Shicheng	夜辰
	Shangyou (Shexi)	夜芒
	Tonggu (Sandu)	暗晡
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	夜晡
	Dayu	夜晡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡時節, 暗晡
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	暗晡頭, 暗晡時頭, 暗晡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	夜時頭, 暗夜時頭, 暗夜, 暗晡
	Hong Kong	暗晡頭, 晚晨頭, 夜晚晨
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	晚間
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	晚間
	Xinyi (Sihe)	夜
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	夜晡夜
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	晚間頭
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	暗今頭
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	暗摸頭
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	暗晡夜
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	晏晡頭
	Mengshan (Xihe)	暗夜
	Luchuan	夜晡間
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	暗晡夜
	Bobai (Shahe)	夜晡頭
	Bobai (Longtan)	夜間頭
	Bobai (Lingping)	夜晡間
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	夜間頭
	Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)	夜摸
	Xingye (Gaofeng)	夜間頭
	Mashan (Pianlian)	到夜
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	夜晡
	Pingle (Tong'an)	夜晡頭
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	夜晡, 夜晡頭, 暗晡
	Sabah (Bao'an)	暗晡晨, 暗晚夜
	Senai (Huiyang)	夜晡晨, 暗晡晨
Singkawang	夜晡頭
Pontianak (Meixian)	暗晡時, 暗晡夜
Bangkok (Meixian)	夜晡時
Huizhou	Jixi	夜下, 夜上
Jin	Taiyuan	黑夜, 黑咾
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	黑夜
	Xinzhou	黑夜, 黑勞
	Zhangjiakou	晚上, 黑夜
	Handan	晚上, 黑來
Northern Min	Jian'ou	暗暝, 暗暝頭
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	暝暗, 暝暗頭
	Songxi	暗暝
	Zhenghe	暗暝
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	暗暝
	Jianyang	暗暝
	Wuyishan	暗暝
	Pucheng (Shibei)	暗暝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	暝晡, 暝晡頭, 兩晡頭
	Changle	兩晡頭, 暝晡
	Lianjiang	暝晡
	Fuqing	暝晡, 脖頭
	Pingtan	暝晡頭
	Yongtai	暝晡頭, 暝晡
	Minqing	暝晡
	Gutian	暝晡
	Pingnan	暝晡頭
	Luoyuan	暝晡
	Fu'an	暝晡
	Ningde	暝晡
	Xiapu	暝晡頭
	Zherong	暝晡
	Shouning	暝間
	Zhouning	暝晡
	Fuding	暝過頭
	Matsu	暝晡
Southern Min	Xiamen	暗暝, 暗時, 下昏, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暗頭時, 暝時, 下昏時
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	暝時, 下昏, 下昏時
	Quanzhou	暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時
	Jinjiang	暝時, 暗暝
	Nan'an	暗時
	Hui'an	暗暝, 暝時
	Anxi	暗暝
	Yongchun	暗暝, 暗時
	Dehua	暝時
	Zhangzhou	下昏, 暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時, 暝昏, 暝昏暗
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	下昏時
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	暝間
	Hua'an	下昏時
	Nanjing	暝間, 下昏
	Pinghe	暝時, 暗時
	Zhangpu	下昏
	Yunxiao	暝昏
	Zhao'an	下昏, 下昏時, 暝昏時
	Dongshan	暝昏時, 暝間
	Taipei	下昏, 下昏暗時, 暗時, 暗頭仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	下昏暗, 暗時
	Kaohsiung	下昏, 下暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔, 暝時
	Yilan	下昏, 下暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	下昏暗, 暗時, 暗頭仔
	Taichung	暗時, 暝時
	Taichung (Wuqi)	暗時
	Tainan	下昏, 下昏暗, 暗時, 暗時仔, 暗頭仔, 暝時
	Taitung	下暗
	Hsinchu	暗時, 下昏暗時
	Kinmen	暗時, 下昏時
	Penghu (Magong)	暝時, 下昏, 此暝昏, 暗頭仔
	Penang (Hokkien)	暗暝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	暗暝, 暗頭, 暗頭仔, 暝時, 下昏
	Manila (Hokkien)	暗暝, 暗時, 暗頭, 暝時
	Longyan	暗頭, 暗暝
	Zhangping	暗昏時, 下昏
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	暗時, 暗昏時, 暝時
	Datian	暝昏頭
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	夜裡, 暗昏時
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	月昏, 月昏時, 遘昏
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	下昏
	Chaozhou	暝旰, 暗頭, 暝暗, 一暝
	Shantou	暝旰, 暝暗, 暝昏囝, 暝昏時, 一暝
	Shantou (Chenghai)	暝暗, 暝暗頭, 一暝
	Jieyang	暝旰, 暝暗, 暝暗囝, 暝昏, 暝昏囝, 暝暗頭
	Lufeng	暝時
	Haifeng	暝昏, 暝時, 暝昏時
	Bangkok (Teochew)	暝昏
	Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew)	暝昏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	暝昏囝, 暝時
	Singapore (Teochew)	暝旰
	Batam (Teochew)	暝旰
	Leizhou	暝昏, 暝頭, 暝旰
	Wenchang	暝頭, 暗上
	Haikou	暝頭, 暝昏, 暝暗
	Qionghai	暝頭, 暝昏頭
	Singapore (Hainanese)	暝頭
Puxian Min	Putian	暝頭, 暝時頭, 暝頭時, 暝昏
	Xianyou	暝頭, 暝時, 暝昏
	Fuding (Aoyao)	暝昏頭
Central Min	Yong'an	暝昏
	Sanyuan	暝昏
	Shaxian	暝昏
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	麻昏, 暝昏, 暝頭
	Sanxiang	暝昏
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	夜裡
	Nanning (Shajing)	夜裡頭
	Hengzhou (Baihe)	夜
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	夜下
	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	夜來, 夜晚
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	夜晡時頭
	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	夜時
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	夜時
Shehua	Fu'an	暗晡頭
	Fuding	暗晡頭
	Sanming	暗晡
	Shunchang	暗晡頭
	Hua'an	暗晡時
	Guixi (Zhangping)	暗
	Cangnan	暗晡
	Jingning	暗晡
	Lishui	暗晡
	Longyou	暗晡夜
	Chaozhou	暗晡
	Fengshun	暗晡時
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	黑頭
Wu	Shanghai	夜頭, 夜裡頭, 夜裡向, 夜裡, 夜到頭, 夜到, 黃昏戌時 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	夜裡向, 夜頭, 夜來
	Suzhou	夜裡, 夜裡向, 夜頭
	Wuxi	夜頭
	Changzhou	夜勒
	Danyang	夜頭, 夜裡
	Hangzhou	夜到, 夜到頭, 夜裡向, 夜裡, 夜裡頭
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	夜到, 夜裡向, 夜裡
	Ningbo	夜到, 夜到頭, 夜頭, 夜到晚頭, 夜到末頭
	Wenzhou	黃昏, 夜裡
	Jinhua	夜裡, 夜頭
Xiang	Changsha	夜間子, 夜裡
	Loudi	夜界, 夜裡
	Shuangfeng	夜裡, 夜唧

Dialectal synonyms of 夜 (“night (counting)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		夜, 夕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		夜
Mandarin	Singapore	晚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	晚
	Hong Kong	晚
	Singapore (Guangfu)	晚
Southern Min	Xiamen	暝, 暗
	Quanzhou	暝, 暗
	Shishi	暗暝
	Zhangzhou	暝, 暗
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	暝
	Taipei	暝 GT, 暗 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	暝
	Manila (Hokkien)	暗
	Shantou	暝
	Singapore (Teochew)	暝
	Wenchang	暝
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

• 一夜無夢／一夜无梦
• 一夜無眠/／一夜无眠/
• 丁夜 (dīngyè)
• 下夜
• 上夜 (shàngyè)
• 不分晝夜／不分昼夜
• 不夜 (bùyè)
• 不夜國／不夜国
• 不夜城 (bùyèchéng)
• 不夜族
• 不捨晝夜／不舍昼夜
• 不舍晝夜／不舍昼夜
• 丙夜 (bǐngyè)
• 中夜
• 乘夜 (chéngyè)
• 亭午夜分
• 今夜 (jīnyè)
• 以夜繼日／以夜继日
• 以日繼夜／以日继夜
• 伴大夜
• 值夜
• 俾晝作夜／俾昼作夜
• 元夜
• 入夜 (rùyè)
• 冷齋夜話／冷斋夜话
• 初夜 (chūyè)
• 初夜權／初夜权 (chūyèquán)
• 前夜 (qiányè)
• 午夜 (wǔyè)
• 午夜牛郎
• 半夜 (bànyè)
• 卜夜卜晝／卜夜卜昼
• 卜晝卜夜／卜昼卜夜
• 即夜 (jíyè)
• 吃夜草
• 同窗夜語／同窗夜语
• 坐夜 (zuòyè)
• 城開不夜／城开不夜
• 夙夜 (sùyè)
• 夙夜不懈
• 夙夜匪懈 (sùyèfěixiè)
• 夙夜在公 (sùyèzàigōng)
• 夙夜為謀／夙夜为谋
• 夙興夜寐／夙兴夜寐 (sùxīngyèmèi)
• 夜不收
• 夜不閉戶／夜不闭户 (yèbùbìhù)
• 夜以接日
• 夜以繼日／夜以继日 (yèyǐjìrì)
• 夜以繼晝／夜以继昼
• 夜作
• 夜住曉行／夜住晓行
• 夜來／夜来 (yèlái)
• 夜來香／夜来香 (yèláixiāng)
• 夜光
• 夜光杯 (yèguāngbēi)
• 夜光漆
• 夜光璧
• 夜光藻 (yèguāngzǎo)
• 夜光蟲／夜光虫
• 夜光錶／夜光表
• 夜光雲／夜光云
• 夜兒個／夜儿个 (yèrge)
• 夜冷
• 夜分 (yèfēn)
• 夜勤 (yèqín)
• 夜半 (yèbàn)
• 夜半三更 (yèbànsāngēng)
• 夜叉 (yèchā)
• 夜合
• 夜合花
• 夜合錢／夜合钱
• 夜嚴／夜严
• 夜場／夜场 (yèchǎng)
• 夜士
• 夜壺／夜壶 (yèhú)
• 夜夜 (yèyè)
• 夜夫
• 夜學／夜学 (yèxué)
• 夜室
• 夜客
• 夜宴 (yèyàn)
• 夜宵 (yèxiāo)
• 夜宿曉行／夜宿晓行
• 夜尿症 (yèniàozhèng)
• 夜工 (yègōng)
• 夜市 (yèshì)
• 夜市場／夜市场
• 夜幕 (yèmù)
• 夜幕低垂
• 夜度娘
• 夜度資／夜度资
• 夜役軍牢／夜役军牢
• 夜思
• 夜戰／夜战 (yèzhàn)
• 夜明 (yèmíng)
• 夜明珠 (yèmíngzhū)
• 夜春
• 夜晚 (yèwǎn)
• 夜晚黑
• 夜景 (yèjǐng)
• 夜暗
• 夜曲 (yèqǔ)
• 夜會／夜会
• 夜月花朝
• 夜未央
• 夜校 (yèxiào)
• 夜氣／夜气
• 夜活
• 夜消 (yèxiāo)
• 夜深 (yèshēn)
• 夜深人靜／夜深人静 (yèshēnrénjìng)
• 夜漏
• 夜漏將傳／夜漏将传
• 夜炤／夜照
• 夜燕
• 夜猴
• 夜班 (yèbān)
• 夜珠吠陀
• 夜盆兒／夜盆儿
• 夜直
• 夜盲症 (yèmángzhèng)
• 夜眼
• 夜視儀器／夜视仪器
• 夜視設備／夜视设备
• 夜禁
• 夜禽類／夜禽类
• 夜空 (yèkōng)
• 夜簫／夜箫
• 夜粥
• 夜糴／夜籴
• 夜緊／夜紧
• 夜總會／夜总会 (yèzǒnghuì)
• 夜者
• 夜臺／夜台
• 夜航
• 夜色 (yèsè)
• 夜蛾 (yè'é)
• 夜行 (yèxíng)
• 夜裡／夜里
• 夜襲／夜袭 (yèxí)
• 夜課／夜课
• 夜譚隨錄／夜谭随录
• 夜貓子／夜猫子 (yèmāozi)
• 夜車／夜车 (yèchē)
• 夜遊／夜游 (yèyóu)
• 夜遊子／夜游子 (yèyóuzi)
• 夜遊神／夜游神
• 夜郎 (Yèláng)
• 夜郎自大 (yèlángzìdà)
• 夜長夢多／夜长梦多 (yèchángmèngduō)
• 夜間／夜间 (yèjiān)
• 夜間部／夜间部
• 夜闌／夜阑 (yèlán)
• 夜集
• 夜雨對床／夜雨对床
• 夜靜更深／夜静更深
• 夜靜更長／夜静更长
• 夜靜更闌／夜静更阑
• 夜食
• 夜飯／夜饭 (yèfàn)
• 夜餐
• 夜香
• 夜驚症／夜惊症
• 夜鶯／夜莺 (yèyīng)
• 夜鷺／夜鹭 (yèlù)
• 夜鷹／夜鹰 (yèyīng)
• 夜麻麻
• 夤夜
• 大夜
• 大年夜 (dàniányè)
• 大節夜／大节夜
• 天方夜譚／天方夜谭 (tiānfāngyètán)
• 子夜 (zǐyè)
• 子夜歌
• 守夜 (shǒuyè)
• 客夜
• 宵夜 (xiāoyè)
• 對床夜語／对床夜语
• 小夜曲 (xiǎoyèqū)
• 小年夜 (xiǎoniányè)
• 平安夜 (píng'ānyè)
• 年夜 (niányè)
• 年夜飯／年夜饭 (niányèfàn)
• 徹夜／彻夜 (chèyè)
• 打夜作
• 打夜狐
• 打夜胡
• 拜夜節／拜夜节
• 挑燈夜戰／挑灯夜战 (tiǎodēngyèzhàn)
• 捱夜
• 捱更抵夜
• 擔隔夜憂／担隔夜忧
• 放夜
• 整夜 (zhěngyè)
• 斜紋夜蛾／斜纹夜蛾
• 旅夜書懷／旅夜书怀
• 日以繼夜／日以继夜 (rìyǐjìyè)
• 日夜 (rìyè)
• 日日夜夜 (rìrìyèyè)
• 明夜
• 明鋪夜蓋／明铺夜盖
• 星夜 (xīngyè)
• 昨夜 (zuóyè)
• 星行夜歸／星行夜归
• 時夜／时夜 (shíyè)
• 晝伏夜出／昼伏夜出 (zhòufúyèchū)
• 晝伏夜游／昼伏夜游
• 晝夜／昼夜 (zhòuyè)
• 晝夜停勻／昼夜停匀
• 晝夜兼行／昼夜兼行
• 晝日晝夜／昼日昼夜
• 晝短夜長／昼短夜长
• 晨興夜寐／晨兴夜寐
• 曉行夜宿／晓行夜宿
• 更夜
• 更深夜靜／更深夜静
• 月夜 (yuèyè)
• 月夜花朝
• 朝歌夜絃／朝歌夜弦
• 朝餐夜宿
• 林冲夜奔
• 查夜 (cháyè)
• 楓橋夜泊／枫桥夜泊 (fēngqiáoyèbó)
• 歲夜／岁夜
• 每夜 (měiyè)
• 永夜
• 沒晝夜／没昼夜
• 消夜 (xiāoyè)
• 清夜
• 深夜 (shēnyè)
• 漏夜 (lòuyè)
• 灞陵呵夜
• 灞陵夜獵／灞陵夜猎
• 炫晝縞夜／炫昼缟夜
• 炳燭夜遊／炳烛夜游
• 無日無夜／无日无夜
• 無明無夜／无明无夜
• 照夜璣／照夜玑 (zhàoyèjī)
• 煙夜蛾／烟夜蛾
• 熬夜 (áoyè)
• 犬不夜吠
• 犯夜
• 甲夜 (jiǎyè)
• 當夜／当夜 (dāngyè)
• 白夜 (báiyè)
• 盡日窮夜／尽日穷夜
• 禁夜
• 秉燭夜遊／秉烛夜游
• 終夜／终夜 (zhōngyè)
• 耶誕夜／耶诞夜 (yēdànyè)
• 聖誕夜／圣诞夜 (Shèngdànyè)
• 良夜 (liángyè)
• 花朝月夜
• 行夜
• 衣錦夜游／衣锦夜游
• 觀光夜市／观光夜市
• 起夜 (qǐyè)
• 巡夜 (xúnyè)
• 連夜／连夜 (liányè)
• 通夜 (tōngyè)
• 連暮夜／连暮夜
• 連更徹夜／连更彻夜
• 過夜／过夜 (guòyè)
• 遙夜／遥夜
• 長夜／长夜 (chángyè)
• 長夜飲／长夜饮
• 門不夜扃／门不夜扃
• 門不夜關／门不夜关
• 開夜車／开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
• 閘夜／闸夜
• 除夜 (chúyè)
• 隔夜 (géyè)
• 隔夜色
• 雪夜訪普／雪夜访普
• 霸陵呵夜
• 竟夜 (jìngyè)
• 食夜粥
• 黑夜 (hēiyè)

 

References

• “夜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00843

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): mî / mê / mêe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mên⁵

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
    • Tâi-lô: mî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mii
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /mĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Singapore): /mi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mê
    • Tâi-lô: mê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mee
    • IPA (Singapore): /me²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ²³/
    • IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /mẽ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mêe
    • Tâi-lô: mêe
    • IPA (Penang): /mɛ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃¹³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /mɛ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mên⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mêⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mẽ⁵⁵/

Definitions

夜

1. (Southern Min) Alternative form of 暝

Japanese

Kanji

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: よ (yo, 夜, Jōyō); よる (yoru, 夜, Jōyō)
• Nanori: やす (yasu)

Compounds

Compounds

• 夜(や)夜(や) (yaya)
• 夜(や)陰(いん) (yain)
• 夜(や)間(かん) (yakan)
• 夜(や)行(ぎょう) (yagyō)
• 夜(や)勤(きん) (yakin)
• 夜(や)景(けい) (yakei)
• 夜(や)行(こう) (yakō)
• 夜(や)座(ざ) (yaza), 夜(や)坐(ざ) (yaza)
• 夜(や)食(しょく) (yashoku)
• 夜(や)中(ちゅう) (yachū)
• 夜(や)半(はん) (yahan)
• 闇(あん)夜(や) (an'ya)
• 一(いち)夜(や) (ichiya)
• 雨(う)夜(や) (uya)
• 月(げつ)夜(や) (getsuya)
• 五(ご)夜(や) (goya)
• 今(こん)夜(や) (kon'ya)
• 昨(さく)夜(や) (sakuya)
• 終(しゅう)夜(や) (shūya)
• 初(しょ)夜(や) (shoya)
• 除(じょ)夜(や) (joya)
• 深(しん)夜(や) (shin'ya)
• 初(そ)夜(や) (soya)
• 昼(ちゅう)夜(や) (chūya)
• 通(つ)夜(や) (tsuya)
• 徹(てつ)夜(や) (tetsuya)
• 日(にち)夜(や) (nichiya)
• 暮(ぼ)夜(や) (boya)
• 連(れん)夜(や) (ren'ya)
• 十六夜(いざよい) (izayoi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
夜
よる Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨yo₁ru⟩ → */jʷoru/ → /joru/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Derived from yo below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning. Compare 日 (hi, “day”) → 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.

Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 C.E., with the phonetic spelling 用流.

Now the most common term for night in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ​る [yóꜜrù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

夜(よる) • (yoru) 

1. the night, evening

   Synonym: 夜間 (yakan)

   Antonym: 昼 (hiru)

   東(とう)京(きょう)の夜(よる)

   Tōkyō no yoru

   Tokyo nights

   夜(よる)の街(まち)を歩(ある)く

   yoru no machi o aruku

   to walk the streets at night

   (literally, “to walk the night streets”)

   不(ふ)安(あん)な夜(よる)を過(す)ごす

   fuan na yoru o sugosu

   to endure a night of anxiety

   (literally, “to pass an uneasy night”)

   夜(よる)の星(ほし)空(ぞら)を見(み)上(あ)げる

   yoru no hoshizora o miageru

   to look up at the night's starry sky

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 夜(よる)夜(よる) (yoruyoru), 夜(よる)々(よる) (yoruyoru)
• 御(お)夜(よる) (oyoru)
• 夜(よる)鶯(うぐいす) (yoru uguisu)
• 夜(ヨル)顔(ガオ) (yorugao)
• 夜(よる)席(せき) (yoruseki)
• 夜(よる)の御(お)殿(とど) (yoru no otodo)
• 夜(よる)の御(お)座(まし) (yoru no omashi)
• 夜(よる)の衣(ころも) (yoru no koromo)
• 夜(よる)の底(そこ) (yoru no soko)
• 夜(よる)の殿(との) (yoru no tono)
• 夜(よる)の帳(とばり)が下(お)りる (yoru no tobari ga oriru)
• 夜(よる)の錦(にしき) (yoru no nishiki)
• 夜(よる)昼(ひる) (yoruhiru)
• 夜(よる)夜(よ)中(なか) (yoru yonaka)
• 夜(よる)を昼(ひる)になす (yoru o hiru ni nasu)
• 小(こ)夜(よる) (koyoru)

Proper noun

夜(よる) • (Yoru) 

1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
夜
よ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨yo₁⟩ → /jʷo/ → /jo/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 用.

In modern development, this term has taken on a more literary sense.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ​ [yóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞]

Noun

夜(よ) • (yo) 

1. (literary) night, evening

   『真(ま)夏(なつ)の夜(よ)の夢(ゆめ)』 ― “Manatsu no Yo no Yume” ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 夜(よ)夜(よ) (yoyo), 夜(よ)々(よ) (yoyo)
• 夜(よ)上(あ)がり (yoagari)
• 夜(よ)明(あ)け (yoake)
• 夜(よ)風(かぜ) (yokaze)
• 夜(よ)着(ぎ) (yogi)
• 夜(よ)籠(ご)もる (yogomoru)
• 夜(よ)さり (yosari), 夜(よう)さり (yōsari)
• 終(よ)夜(すがら) (yosugara)
• 夜(よ)釣(づり) (yozuri), 夜釣(よづ)り (yozuri)
• 夜(よ)伽(とぎ) (yotogi)
• 夜(よ)な夜(よ)な (yonayona)
• 夜(よ)中(なか) (yonaka)
• 夜(よ)長(なが) (yonaga)
• 夜(よ)の目(め) (yo no me)
• 夜(よ)一(ひと)夜(よ) (yo hitoyo)
• 夜(よ)更(ふ)け (yofuke), 夜(よ)深(ふ)け (yofuke)
• 昨夜(よべ) (yobe), 昨夜(ようべ) (yōbe)
• 夜(よ)間(ま) (yoma)
• 終夜(よもすがら) (yomosugara)
• 夜(よ)も日(ひ)も明(あ)けない (yo mo hi mo akenai)
• 夜(よ)を明(あ)かす (yo o akasu)
• 夜(よ)を掛(か)く (yo o kaku)
• 夜(よ)を籠(こ)む (yo o komu)
• 夜(よ)半(わ) (yowa)
• 夜(よ)を徹(てっ)する (yo o tessuru)
• 夜(よ)を日(ひ)に継(つ)ぐ (yo o hi ni tsugu)
• 小(さ)夜(よ) (sayo)
• 千(ち)夜(よ) (chiyo)
• 月(つき)夜(よ) (tsukiyo), 月(つく)夜(よ) (tsukuyo)
• 一(ひと)夜(よ) (hitoyo)
• 闇(やみ)夜(よ) (yamiyo)

See also

• 夕(ゆう) (yū), 夕(ゆう)べ (yūbe)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 夜 (MC yaeH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	양〮 (Yale: yá)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	밤〮 (Yale: pám)	야〯 (Yale: yǎ)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [야(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

夜 (eumhun 밤 야 (bam ya))

1. Hanja form^? of 야 (“night”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 심야 (深夜, simya, “midnight”)
• 야간 (夜間, yagan, “night, nighttime”)
• 야경 (夜景, yagyeong, “night view”)
• 야광 (夜光, yagwang, “noctilucence”)
• 야근 (夜勤, yageun, “night overtime”)
• 야기 (夜氣, yagi, “night air, nocturnal atmosphere”)
• 야래 (夜來, yarae, “during the night, since night(-fall”)
• 야반 (夜半, yaban, “midnight, late at night, the middle of the night”)
• 야색 (夜色, yasaek, “night view, evening scene”)
• 야시 (夜市, yasi, “night market”)
• 야식 (夜食, yasik, “late snack”)
• 야야 (夜夜, yaya, “night after night, nightly”)
• 야업 (夜業, ya'eop, “night work, night shift”)
• 야우 (夜雨, yau, “rainfall at night”)
• 야학 (夜學, yahak, “night class”)
• 야행 (夜行, yahaeng, “nocturnal travel, night trip,afterdark journey”)
• 야회 (夜會, yahoe, “evening party, soirée”)
• 백야 (白夜, baegya, “midnight sun”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Oki-No-Erabu

Kanji

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
夜
いぃーる Grade: 2

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).

Noun

夜(いぃーる) (yīru) 

1. the night

Okinawan

Kanji

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): や (ya, Jōyō)
• Kun: ゆー (yū, 夜); ゆる (yuru, 夜)

Compounds

• 夜(や)久(く)貝(げー) (yakugē)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
夜
ゆる Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru, “night”).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) ゆる [yúrù] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [juɾu]

Noun

夜(ゆる) (yuru) 

1. the night

Derived terms

• 夜(ゆる)昼(ふぃる) (yurufiru)
• 夜(ゆる)夜中(ゆなか) (yuru yunaka)

Counter

夜(ゆる) (-yuru) 

1. nights

   一(ちゅ)夜(ゆる) ― chuyuru ― one night

   二(た)夜(ゆる) ― tayuru ― two nights

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
夜
ゆー Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yo, from Proto-Japonic *yo.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yo).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) ゆう [yúù] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [juː]

Noun

夜(ゆー) (yū) 

1. the night

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 夜中(ゆずー) (yuzū)
• 夜詰(ゆぢ)め (yujime)
• 夜(ゆー)伽(つじ) (yūtsuji)
• 夜中(ゆなか) (yunaka)
• 夜業(ゆーなーび) (yūnābi)
• 夜(ゆー)回(まー)い (yūmāi)
• 夜(ゆー)道(みち) (yūmichi)

See also

• 夕(ゆー) (yū)

References

• “ユル” in Haisai Okinawan Dialect.
• “ユル（ゆる）” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.
• “ゆる” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.
• 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎^[5], 1963

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Derived from yo₁ below, suffixed with an element ru of unclear meaning. Compare 日 (pi₁, “day”) → 晝 (pi₁ru, “daytime”), which seems to use this same ru element.

Used as a standalone noun but not in compounds.

Noun

夜 (yo₁ru) (kana よる)

1. the night, evening

   Antonym: 晝 (pi₁ru)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 807:
     , text here

     宇豆都仁波安布余志勿奈子奴婆多麻能用流能伊昧仁越都伎提美延許曾

     ututu ni pa apu yo₂si mo nasi nubatama no₂ yo₁ru no₂ ime₂ ni wo tugi₁te miye ko₂so₂

     There is no way to see you in reality. Please continue to appear in dreams of the night!

Derived terms

• 夜晝 (yo₁rupi₁ru)

Descendants

• Japanese: 夜 (yoru)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *yo, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Used as both a standalone noun and in compounds.

Noun

夜 (yo₁) (kana よ)

1. the night, evening
   • 711–712, Kojiki, (poem 3):

     ...阿遠夜麻邇比賀迦久良婆奴婆多麻能用波伊傅那牟...

     ...awoyama ni pi₁ ga kakuraba nubatama no₂ yo₁ pa idenamu...

     As soon as the sun hides behind the verdant mountains, then jet-black night will come.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 夜烏 (yo₁garasu)
• 夜聲 (yo₁go₂we)
• 夜戸出 (yo₁to₁de)
• 夜鳴き, 夜泣き, 夜啼き (yo₁naki₁)
• 夜の悉 (yo₁ no₂ ko₂to₂go₂to₂)
• 夜更く (yo₁puku)
• 夜道, 夜路 (yo₁mi₁ti)
• 夜ら (yo₁ra)
• 雨夜 (amayo₁)
• 新た夜 (aratayo₁)
• この夜 (ko₂no₂ yo₁)
• 足り夜 (tariyo₁)
• 千夜 (tiyo₁)
• 二夜 (putayo₁)
• 百夜 (momoyo₁)
• 闇夜 (yami_(?)yo₁)
• 闇の夜 (yami_(?) no₂ yo₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 夜 (yo)

Etymology 3

Attested in the Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (c. 739 CE) and in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as the Eastern Old Japanese variation of yo above.

Noun

夜 (yu) (kana ゆ)

1. (regional, Eastern Old Japanese) the night, evening
   • c. 732-739, Hizen-no-kuni Fudoki (poem 1)

     志努波羅能意登比賣能古袁佐比登由母爲禰弖牟志太夜伊幣爾久太佐牟

     sino₁para no₂ oto₂pi₁me₁ no₂ ko₁ wo sa-pi₁to₂yu mo inetemu sida ya ipe₁ ni kudasamu

     Once I've taken her, slept with her a single night―that little lady, the girl from the bamboo brakes―I'll send her down to her home.

     [Note: Some later manuscripts erroneously replace the man'yōgana 袁 (wo) with 素 (⟨so₁⟩ → so).]

See also

• 夕 (yupu)

Vietnamese

Han character

夜: Hán Nôm readings: dạ, dà

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Yonaguni

Kanji

夜

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
夜
どぅる Grade: 2

From Proto-Ryukyuan *yoru, from Proto-Japonic *yoru.

Cognate with mainland Japanese 夜 (yoru).

Noun

夜(どぅる) (duru) 

1. the night