Appendix:Tinigua word lists

Tinigua word lists:

Castellví (1940) edit

Tinigua vocabulary as compiled by Castellví (1940) from the following four sources:^[1]

Fructuoso de Manresa
Estanislao de Les Corts
Marcelino de Castellví
Francisco de Igualada

Spanish gloss	Fructuoso de Manresa	Estanislao de Les Corts	Marcelino de Castellví	Francisco de Igualada
abuelo	ljúɖẽ
adiós!	maxá
agua	ɲikwáɪʃi
aguacero	noʈáɪʃi
ají	ʈáxa
amigo	xapaɪtoχi
aquel	χi tʃaáɪki
araña	paʊwa
árbol	xaɪɲíχi	kíχi
árbol cuya corteza sirve á la fabricación de los cajas do tambores				pãmpudã́xãs
arbolito	kítʃa
arco	xaɪsúsa
arroyo	ki'a
balsa	yísétimé
beber	yaɲíkwa
bien	xayoási
blanco (color)	xaʈomwéɪ, aɖáme
mujer blanca	palo ɲísa
boca	kíwa
bodoquera	xalúʈa[
brujo	xóno
bueno	ayuxáɪ, 'ayuxaɪ
buenos días	miáɪ laméa, miéχé míχí
buenas tardes	miχe méa
cabeza	ʒiti, ziti
caimán	káamáto
caminar		naxáɪ
camino		kwa-naxáɪ
caminé		kwa-naxáɪ
camina!		ma-naxáɪ
camino	náʈo
casa	kiko
cazabe	batʃá, xaatʃá
colorado	xaʔzáni
comer	maiyó	jío
como	gwá
danta	xópze
diente	yólo
dios	xaŋiney
el	χi, χiki
ellos	χikxa
espiritu (genio)	pankianóso
este	xaʔiki, χiki
estrella	bósa, úlxo
flecha	xatúta
fuego	itʃísa	panási
muchas gracias!	gwási wawíxa
grande	xayúɪ	xáyu
hacha	gwáɲä
hombre (blanco ó indio)	xãnóso	ʈeʈeyã́
hombres (blancos ó) indios)
hombre indio	tinígwa
hombres indios	tinigwása
idioma de los Tinigua	tinigua
jaguar	tʃíɲa	jíɲa, χíɲa
jaguares		χiɲása
lengua	tiɲóza
luna	xaʈíɲixo, xáʈé
maiz	t'óka
manijas del tambor				gwãgwiyṍ
mano	kwána, pwána
mono	xamúɪki		xamukíe
mono tití			yíso
muchachil	ɲisa nẽpsə
muchacho	ʈeʈeya nəzə
mujer	ɲíza	ɲísa
negro (color)	atʃándi
niño		nobsejá
niños		nobsejáma
nosotros	χikwáxa, χikwáxä
ojo	zuti, zəti
olla	xobdwéna
oreja	tʃaʔäɖä́tä, zazä́tä
padre	ʈa, táta
pajaro	ɖéɖá
guacamayo	mága
pequeño	mnóye
pequeña casa	neo-ko
perro	xámiu, xámno
pescado	deä́ʃä
píe	ʈekiénä	ɖiki
pie		dikisä
piedra	ɲiʈáxa, úiʈása
piel del tambor	nõbãni kwãtã́ʈẽ
piña	ɖẽẽká
plátano	mandóxa
quien?	mne'á
río		xayúki'a
rio afluente del Guayabero	atunia
sapo			pimbi
serpiente	ʈófä		tsofa, tsoxua
serpiente canang-ucha	gwí'ó
sol	ɲíxo	ɲiéxo
tabaco	yakóɲä
tambor	kãʈãtí
tierra	togwána	tokwána
todos	tiána
tu	kã́zə, káɖa
venado	ɖéxa
venados	ɖéxama
viejo	tíni
vosotros	kapséxa, kázə, kapséxä
yo	χíkwa
yuca	komáxa	kómä
1	kíyi, kíyé	kiíe
2	xä́ɖá	xáɖa
3	xáɖa kíye, xaɖakiá, ʈakiáxa	ɖapéχi
4	xãpãsãɲú, xapásaɲú	pasaɲú
5	xopakuáxa	opakwã́xä
6	ifwaʈo kuáxa, efwaʈósä	eufwaʈosä
7	xáɪó páɪtió	yopänjo
8	fwaɪése, ɖapéχi ɖaɪu padʃu	fwayése
9	kiɖase, paʈó ɖwaxá, kiʈase páɪʃikinísa	kiɖáse
10	kiʈase, ʃemaʈóse	tʃimatóse
11		tʃimatóse kiésä
12		tʃimatóse xä̃́ɖä
13		tʃimatóse ɖapéχi
20		xä́ɖä tʃimatóse
21		xä́ɖä tʃimatóse kiésä
30		ɖapéχi tʃimatóse

Bolaños (2023) edit

The following is a 100-item Swadesh list of Tinigua from Bolaños (2023), elicited from Sixto Muñoz (Tinigua name: Sɨsɨthio ‘knife’), the final remaining speaker of Tinigua, in 2019.^[2]

No.	English gloss	Tinigua	notes
1.	I	híkʷa
2.	you (sg)	kázɨ
3.	we	hikʷáʔa ~ hikʷáha
4.	this	hángi
5.	that	híkʰá
6.	who	nıʔ́ ̵ a
7.	what	kaɲígahe ~ kaɲí
8.	not	hégʷa	neg2
9.	all (of a set)	tʰiána
10.	many	hajusi ~ ajútsɨ ~ ajusi
11.	one	kíʔ-je	verb: be one, be first
12.	two	hatsajtʃa ~ hátsa
13.	big	hajjúko
14.	long (not wide)	hatsı́ ̵	be long/far/distant
15.	small	nıó ̵	be small
16.	woman	ɲísa
17.	man (adult male human)	tsɨtsía
18.	person (individual human)	hanoso
19.	fish (noun)	zɨsóha	pl; zɨsó + =ha pl
20.	bird	tsɨtsáha	pl; tsɨtsá + =ha pl
21.	dog	hanú
22.	louse	hisía
23.	tree (not log)	kíhi
24.	seed (noun)	ɲihósea	ɲihó ‘to plant’, -sea nmlz
25.	leaf (botanics)	kʰiwíha	khiwí + =ha pl; probably etymologically ‘tree+clf:leaf+pl’
26.	root (botanics)	kiʔtʰáha	kiʔthá + =ha pl
27.	bark (of tree)
28.	skin	kʷátatsa
29.	flesh (meat, flesh)	handá ɲisá	handá ‘part of’?
30.	blood	hahájkʰía	haháj + kʰía ‘river’
31.	bone	kʰitʰáh	related to ‘root’?
32.	grease (fat, organic substance)
33.	egg	mákʰikʰí	may contain -kʰí clf:liquid
34.	horn (of bull, etc.)
35.	tail	matsíɸʷajtʃa	may contain -tʃa clf:long/pointed
36.	feather (large, not down)	hatsówi	may contain part of the word khiwí ‘leaf’
37.	hair (of human head)	zozíha	zozí + =ha pl
38.	head (anatomic)	jɨéte
39.	ear	tʃátsɨtoa
40.	eye	sıt́ ̵ i
41.	nose	kʰízɨsɨ
42.	mouth	kíwa
43.	tooth (front, rather than molar)	jióto	may contain -tʰo/-to clf:heavy/sturdy
44.	tongue (anatomical)	tʰinútsa	may contain -tsa clf:bunch
45.	claw
46.	foot	sıḱ ̵ ina	may contain -na clf:long/round
47.	knee	tʰízɨsa
48.	hand	kʷáʔana	may contain -na clf:long/round
49.	belly (lower part of body, abdomen)	jamako
50.	neck (not nape)
51.	breasts	jáʔzɨná	may contain -na clf:long/round
52.	heart	jihéʔ
53.	liver	máʔzɨʔná	may contain -na clf:long/round
54.	drink (v.)	jaɲekʷá
55.	eat	jiʔú
56.	bite	hakʷı́ ̵
57.	see	ɲɨnzı́ ̵
58.	hear	kʰahá
59.	know	kʰahá
60.	sleep	ɲiná
61.	die	ɲimá
62.	kill	pakʷá
63.	swim	ɲisı́ ̵
64.	fly (v.)	jakʷjní
65.	walk	kiwá
66.	come	nakú
67.	lie (on side, recline)	hatʃí
68.	sit	hútʰjoí
69.	stand
70.	give	nahánika
71.	say	jajé hawá	also ‘think’
72.	sun	ɲíɸo
73.	moon	hatsı́ ̵ ɲíɸo	lit. ‘far sun’
74.	star	ʋṍsa	The sound /ʋ/ is not otherwise attested in other Tinigua words; this word is possibly a borrowing.
75.	water (n.)	ɲikʷájtʃe
76.	rain (n.)	hatʰokútʃe
77.	stone	ɲitsátsa	may contain -sa clf:bunch
78.	sand	tʃipawína	may contain -na clf:long/round
79.	earth (soil)	towána
80.	cloud haɲíj	natʰí	cf. haɲí ‘be up/above’
81.	smoke (n., of fire)	sɨnátʰi
82.	fire	hikʰítsa	may contain -tsa clf:long/pointed
83.	ash(es)
84.	burn (v.)	kʰaɸʷá
85.	path	nátsɨ
86.	mountain
87.	red (color)	hatsambá	‘be red’
88.	green	hasɨtsá	‘be green’
89.	yellow	hasaná	‘be yellow’
90.	white	hatsamá
91.	black	hatʃandá	‘be black/dark’
92.	night	hapıj́ ̵ tʃa	also ‘late’
93.	hot	hanzá	‘be hot’
94.	cold	hotsı́ ̵
95.	full	hajítʰo	may contain -tʰo, clf:heavy/sturdy
96.	new
97.	good	hajohási ~ ajohási
98.	round
99.	dry	hapawú	‘be dry’
100.	name	jawú	be called/named

Other words elicited from Sixto Muñoz in 2019, as recorded by Bolaños (2023):

English gloss	Tinigua	notes
jaguar	kʰíɲa ~ tʃíɲa
corn	jóʔhá
manioc	komáha
let's go	minahá
chili pepper	tsákha
plantain	mandótha
spirit	hamajiéha
five	tsátokwahá	tsátho-kwaʔa ‘left.side-hand’
eleven	tapásaɲóha

References edit

^ Castellví, Marcelino de. 1940. La Lengua Tinigua. Journal de la Société des Américanistes 32: 93-101.
^ Bolaños, Katherine (2023) “Tinigua”, in Epps, Patience, Michael, Lev, editors, Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates, volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 1072-1075

Vocabulary lists of Amerindian languages
North America
Amerindian • p-Amerind • p-Eskimo • p-Na-Dene • p-Athabaskan • p-Algonquian • Beothuk • p-Iroquoian • p-Siouan • Caddoan • Yuchi • Kutenai • Chinook • p-Sahaptian • p-Takelman • p-Kalapuyan • Alsea • p-Wintun • Klamath • Molala • Cayuse • Coos • Lower Umpqua • p-Utian • p-Yokuts • p-Maidun • p-Salishan • p-Wakashan • p-Chimakuan • p-Hokan • p-Palaihnihan • Chimariko • Shasta • Yana • p-Pomo • Esselen • Salinan • p-Chumash • Waikuri • p-Yuman • p-Yukian • Washo • p-Kiowa-Tanoan • p-Keresan • Coahuilteco • Comecrudo • Cotoname • Karankawa • Tonkawa • Maratino • Quinigua • Naolan • p-Muskogean • Natchez (Swadesh) • Atakapa • Adai • Timucua
Central America
p-Oto-Manguean • p-Oto-Pamean • p-Central Otomian • p-Otomi • p-Popolocan (p-Mazatec) • p-Chinantec • p-Mixtec • p-Zapotec • p-Uto-Aztecan • p-Aztecan • Purépecha (Swadesh) • Cuitlatec • p-Totozoquean • p-Totonacan • p-Mixe-Zoquean • Highland Chontal • Huamelultec • Tequistlatec • p-Huave • p-Mayan (Swadesh) • Xinca • p-Jicaque • p-Lencan • Lenca • p-Misumalpan
South America
p-Cariban • p-Taranoan • p-Chibchan • p-Barbacoan • Páez • p-Pano-Takanan • p-Panoan • p-Makú • Hupda • p-Tukanoan • p-Arawan • Harákmbut–Katukinan • p-Cahuapanan • p-Choco • p-Guahiban • p-Shuar • Candoshi • p-Shuar-Candoshi • Achuar • p-Nambikwaran • Tinigua • Timote • p-Lule-Vilela • Vilela • Chamacoco • Allentiac • Chaná • Arutani-Sape • p-Bora-Muinane • Bora • p-Witotoan • Witoto • p-Macro-Daha • Sáliba • Piaroa • Ticuna • Yuri • Caraballo • Andoque • p-Mataguayo • p-Guaicurú • Guachi • Payagua • Mura • Pirahã • Matanawi • Quechumaran • Quechuan • p-Zaparoan • p-Peba-Yagua • Iquito • p-Chapacuran • Andaqui • Guamo • Betoi • Kamsá • Otomacoan • Jirajaran • Hibito-Cholon • Cholón • Sechura-Catacao • Sechura • Culli • Mochica • Esmeralda • Taushiro • Urarina • Aiwa • Canichana • Guató • Irantxe • Aikanã • Kanoé (Swadesh) • Kwaza • Mato Grosso Arára • Munichi • Omurano • Puinave • Leco • Puquina • Ramanos • Warao • Yaruro • Yuracaré • Yurumangui
South America (NE Brazil)
Katembri • Taruma • Yatê • Xukurú • Natú • Pankararú • Tuxá • Atikum • Kambiwá • Xokó • Baenan • Kaimbé • Tarairiú • Gamela
South America (Arawakan)
p-Arawakan • p-Japurá-Colombia • p-Lokono-Guajiro • Wayuu • p-Mamoré-Guaporé • p-Bolivia • p-Mojeño • p-Purus
South America (Macro-Jê)
p-Macro-Jê • Rikbaktsa • p-Jê • Jeikó • p-Jabuti • p-Kamakã • Kamakã • Maxakali • Chiquitano • Dzubukua • Oti • p-Puri • p-Bororo
South America (Tupian)
p-Tupian • Puruborá • Karo • p-Tupari • p-Maweti-Guarani • p-Tupi-Guarani • Guaraní

[1] Castellví, Marcelino de. 1940. La Lengua Tinigua. Journal de la Société des Américanistes 32: 93-101.

[2] Bolaños, Katherine (2023) “Tinigua”, in Epps, Patience, Michael, Lev, editors, Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates, volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, pages 1072-1075

[1]

[2]