Translingual
edit
Glyph origin
edit
Ideogram (指事) : 囗 + 子 (“child; son”). Compare 囡.
Etymology 1
edit
Min dialectal word for “son; child”. Substrate borrowing, cognate with Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun (“child, son”) (Vietnamese con, Khmer កូន (koun)) (Schuessler, 2007). Likely related to 昆 (OC *kuːn, “descendants”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
edit
Note:
- gin2 - literary;
- zai2 - vernacular.
- Northern Min
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Sanxia, Philippines)
- (Teochew)
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
囝
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
6118
|
Phonetic
component
|
囝
|
Rime
group
|
元
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kranʔ/
|
| Notes
|
唐人閩方言字
|
Definitions
edit
囝 (Min)
- son
郎罷別囝，吾悔生汝。及汝既生，人勸不舉。不從人言，果獲是苦。囝別郎罷，心摧血下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
郎罢别囝，吾悔生汝。及汝既生，人劝不举。不从人言，果获是苦。囝别郎罢，心摧血下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: ca. 8th century, Gu Kuang, 《囝》 (Son) [written in the ancient Min dialect].
Note: This poem was referring to the slavery system at the time in the Min area. The son had been forcibly castrated and was soon to be taken as a slave in a rich household. - Lángbà bié jiǎn, wú huǐ shēng rǔ. Jí rǔ jì shēng, rén quàn bù jǔ. Bù cóng rényán, guǒ huò shì kǔ. Jiǎn bié lángbà, xīn cuī xuè xià. [Pinyin]
- Father said to son when they parted: I regret begetting you;
When you were already born, people advised me to not bring you up;
I did not follow their words, and inevitably had this suffering coming.
Son is parted from father, with a heart shattered and eyes crying with blood.
- child
- baby, infant
- Diminutive suffix attached to nouns, equivalent to Mandarin 子 (zǐ).
- Diminutive suffix attached to classifiers.
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of
兒子 (“son”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
子, 兒, 男兒
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
兒子, 男孩, 男孩子
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Taiwan
|
兒子
|
| Tianjin
|
兒子, 小子, 少的
|
| Chengde
|
小子
|
| Tangshan
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Cangzhou
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Baoding
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
兒得
|
| Chifeng
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
兒子
|
| Heihe
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Qiqihar
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Harbin
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Jiamusi
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Baicheng
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Changchun
|
兒子
|
| Tonghua
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Shenyang
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Dandong
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Jinzhou
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Dalian
|
兒子
|
| Yantai
|
小子
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
兒郎, 兒
|
| Qingdao
|
兒
|
| Lijin
|
兒, 小廝
|
| Weifang (Weicheng)
|
兒
|
| Weifang (Fangzi)
|
兒
|
| Weifang (Hanting)
|
兒
|
| Changyi
|
兒
|
| Gaomi
|
兒
|
| Zhucheng
|
兒
|
| Anqiu
|
兒
|
| Changle
|
兒
|
| Linqu
|
兒
|
| Qingzhou
|
兒
|
| Shouguang
|
兒
|
| Wulian
|
小兒
|
| Jinan
|
兒, 兒子, 小子
|
| Jining
|
兒, 兒子
|
| Luoyang
|
兒子
|
| Wanrong
|
娃, 兒
|
| Shangqiu
|
兒得
|
| Yuanyang
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Zhengzhou
|
孩兒, 小子
|
| Lingbao
|
兒子
|
| Xinyang
|
兒
|
| Baihe
|
兒子
|
| Hanzhong
|
兒子
|
| Xi'an
|
兒, 兒子
|
| Baoji
|
兒
|
| Yinchuan
|
兒子
|
| Tianshui
|
兒子, 後人
|
| Lanzhou
|
兒子, 後人
|
| Dunhuang
|
娃子
|
| Xining
|
兒子, 娃娃, 尕娃
|
| Hami
|
兒子
|
| Ürümqi
|
兒子
|
| Wuhan
|
兒子
|
| Huanggang
|
兒
|
| Yichang
|
兒子, 小鬼
|
| Xiangyang
|
兒子
|
| Tianmen
|
兒子
|
| Hong'an
|
兒, 兒把子
|
| Chengdu
|
兒子, 兒
|
| Nanchong
|
兒子
|
| Dazhou
|
兒子, 娃兒
|
| Hanyuan
|
兒, 兒子
|
| Xichang
|
兒, 兒子, 娃娃
|
| Zigong
|
兒子
|
| Chongqing
|
兒子, 娃兒, 兒
|
| Guiyang
|
兒子, 男娃娃, 男娃兒
|
| Zunyi
|
娃兒, 兒
|
| Bijie
|
兒子
|
| Liping
|
崽
|
| Zhaotong
|
兒子
|
| Dali
|
兒子
|
| Kunming
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Mengzi
|
兒子
|
| Guilin
|
崽, 兒子
|
| Liuzhou
|
崽, 兒子
|
| Sanjiang (Danzhou)
|
娃崽
|
| Jishou
|
兒
|
| Changde
|
兒子
|
| Anqing
|
兒子
|
| Xuzhou
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Fuyang
|
兒子
|
| Wuhu
|
兒子
|
| Yangzhou
|
兒子
|
| Lianyungang
|
兒子
|
| Lianshui
|
兒子
|
| Nanjing
|
兒子
|
| Hefei
|
兒子
|
| Nantong
|
侯
|
| Malaysia
|
兒子
|
| Singapore
|
兒子
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
兒子, 兒
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
仔
|
| Hong Kong
|
仔, 阿仔, 仔仔
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
仔
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
仔
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
仔
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
仔
|
| Macau
|
仔
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
仔
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
仔
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
仔
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
仔
|
| Foshan
|
仔
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
仔
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
仔
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
仔
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
仔
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
仔
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
仔
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
|
仔
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
仔
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
仔
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
仔
|
| Taishan
|
仔
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
仔
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
仔
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
仔
|
| Dongguan
|
仔
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
仔
|
| Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
阿仔
|
| Qingyuan
|
仔
|
| Fogang
|
仔
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
仔
|
| Yangshan
|
仔
|
| Lianshan (Butian)
|
仔
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
|
仔
|
| Shaoguan
|
仔
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
仔
|
| Renhua
|
仔
|
| Lechang
|
仔
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
仔
|
| Sihui
|
仔
|
| Guangning
|
仔
|
| Deqing
|
仔
|
| Huaiji
|
仔
|
| Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
仔
|
| Yunfu
|
仔
|
| Xinxing
|
仔
|
| Luoding
|
仔
|
| Yunan (Pingtai)
|
仔
|
| Yangjiang
|
仔
|
| Xinyi
|
仔
|
| Maoming (Xinpo)
|
仔
|
| Lianjiang
|
仔
|
| Wuchuan (Wuyang)
|
仔, 仔兒
|
| Nanning
|
仔
|
| Wuzhou
|
仔
|
| Yulin
|
儂
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
仔
|
| Guiping
|
仔
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
兒
|
| Guigang (Nanjiang)
|
儂
|
| Beiliu (Tangliao)
|
仔
|
| Baise
|
仔
|
| Bobai
|
仔
|
| Lingshan
|
仔
|
| Pubei
|
仔
|
| Qinzhou
|
仔
|
| Beihai
|
仔
|
| Beihai (Nankang)
|
仔
|
| Beihai (Yingpan)
|
仔
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
仔
|
| Ningming
|
仔
|
| Hengzhou
|
兒
|
| Hezhou (Pumen)
|
仔
|
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
|
仔
|
| Danzhou
|
兒
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
仔
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
仔
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
仔
|
| Móng Cái
|
仔
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
崽
|
| Lichuan
|
崽, 子
|
| Pingxiang
|
崽, 倈牯, 倈
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
倈仔
|
| Xingning
|
倈哩
|
| Dabu (Xihe)
|
倈兒, 子
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
阿仔, 子
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
阿仔
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
阿仔
|
| Huiyang
|
倈子
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
阿仔
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
倈伊
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
倈
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
阿仔
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
倈
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
倈子
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
倈子
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
倈子
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
倈哩
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
倈哩
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
倈哩
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
倈哩
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
阿仔
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
仔, 阿仔
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
仔
|
| Wengyuan
|
倈子
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
倈子
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
阿仔
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
仔, 阿仔
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
阿弟
|
| Liannan
|
倈子
|
| Conghua (Lütian)
|
仔
|
| Jiexi
|
倈
|
| Luhe
|
倈仔
|
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
|
阿子
|
| Changting
|
倈子, 子哩, 子
|
| Wuping
|
子哩, 兒子
|
| Wuping (Yanqian)
|
子哩
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
倈子
|
| Liancheng
|
子, 倈倈子
|
| Ninghua
|
子
|
| Yudu
|
子
|
| Ningdu
|
倈子
|
| Ruijin
|
子
|
| Shicheng
|
崽
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
崽, 倈兒
|
| Tonggu (Sandu)
|
倈子
|
| Ganzhou (Panlong)
|
崽
|
| Dayu
|
崽哩
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
倈仔
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
倈仔
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
倈仔
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
倈, 細倈
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
倈仔
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
後生
|
| Hong Kong
|
倈子
|
| Yangxi (Tangkou)
|
子
|
| Yangchun (Sanjia)
|
仔
|
| Xinyi (Sihe)
|
仔, 子
|
| Xinyi (Qianpai)
|
子, 仔
|
| Gaozhou (Xindong)
|
子
|
| Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)
|
子
|
| Huazhou (Xin'an)
|
子
|
| Lianjiang (Shijiao)
|
倈子, 子
|
| Lianjiang (Qingping)
|
子
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
倈
|
| Luchuan
|
子
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
子
|
| Bobai (Shahe)
|
子
|
| Beiliu (Tang'an)
|
倈
|
| Sabah (Bao'an)
|
倈子
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
倈哩
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)
|
倈
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
倈子
|
| Singkawang
|
倈子
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
兒子
|
| Shexian
|
兒子, 伢兒
|
| Tunxi
|
兒子
|
| Xiuning
|
兒子
|
| Yixian
|
兒子
|
| Qimen
|
兒子
|
| Wuyuan
|
兒子, 小倈
|
| Fuliang
|
崽
|
| Dexing
|
兒子
|
| Shitai (Xianyu)
|
兒子
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Pingyao
|
小子
|
| Datong
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Xinzhou
|
兒, 小子
|
| Lishi
|
兒, 小子
|
| Linfen
|
兒
|
| Changzhi
|
兒得, 孩得
|
| Linhe
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Jining
|
小子
|
| Hohhot
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Erenhot
|
小子
|
| Pingshan
|
小子
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
兒子
|
| Handan
|
兒子, 小子
|
| Linzhou
|
孩哦
|
| Suide
|
兒, 小子
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
囝, 囝仔
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
囝
|
| Songxi
|
囝
|
| Zhenghe
|
囝
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
囝
|
| Jianyang
|
囝
|
| Jianyang (Huangkeng)
|
囝
|
| Wuyishan
|
囝
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
囝
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
囝, 丈夫囝
|
| Changle
|
囝
|
| Lianjiang
|
囝
|
| Fuqing
|
囝
|
| Pingtan
|
囝
|
| Yongtai
|
囝
|
| Minqing
|
囝
|
| Gutian
|
囝
|
| Pingnan
|
囝
|
| Luoyuan
|
囝
|
| Fu'an
|
囝
|
| Ningde
|
囝
|
| Xiapu
|
囝
|
| Zherong
|
囝
|
| Shouning
|
囝
|
| Zhouning
|
囝
|
| Fuding
|
囝
|
| Matsu
|
囝
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
囝, 後生, 後的
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Quanzhou
|
囝, 後生, 囡仔
|
| Jinjiang
|
囝
|
| Nan'an
|
囝
|
| Shishi
|
囝
|
| Hui'an
|
囝
|
| Anxi
|
囝
|
| Yongchun
|
囝
|
| Dehua
|
囝
|
| Zhangzhou
|
囝, 後生
|
| Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
後生
|
| Hua'an
|
後生, 囝
|
| Nanjing
|
後生
|
| Pinghe
|
囝, 後生
|
| Zhangpu
|
囝, 後生
|
| Yunxiao
|
後生, 囝
|
| Zhao'an
|
囝
|
| Dongshan
|
囝, 後生
|
| Taipei
|
囝, 後生
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Kaohsiung
|
囝, 後生
|
| Yilan
|
囝, 後生
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Taichung
|
囝, 後生, 後的
|
| Tainan
|
囝, 後生
|
| Hsinchu
|
囝, 後生
|
| Kinmen
|
囝, 後生
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
囝, 後生, 後生囝, 丈夫囝
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Longyan
|
後生, 囝
|
| Zhangping
|
後生, 囝
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
囝, 後生
|
| Datian
|
囝
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
崽
|
| Chaozhou
|
囝, 逗囝
|
| Shantou
|
囝, 逗囝
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
囝, 逗囝
|
| Jieyang
|
囝, 逗囝, 孥, 阿孥
|
| Lufeng
|
囝
|
| Haifeng
|
丈夫囝
|
| Bangkok (Teochew)
|
逗囝
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
丈夫囝
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
囝, 丈夫囝, 逗囝
|
| Leizhou
|
囝
|
| Wenchang
|
囝, 丈夫囝
|
| Haikou
|
囝, 細囝, 孧囝
|
| Qionghai
|
囝
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
囝
|
| Xianyou
|
囝
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
囝
|
| Sanyuan
|
囝仔
|
| Shaxian
|
囝仔
|
| Shaojiang Min
|
Shaowu
|
囝兒
|
| Guangze
|
囝兒
|
| Jiangle
|
囝
|
| Mingxi
|
囝
|
| Shunchang
|
囝
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Shaxi (Longdu)
|
囝
|
| Sanxiang
|
囝
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
崽
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
崽
|
| Shehua
|
Fu'an
|
仔
|
| Fuding
|
仔
|
| Luoyuan
|
仔
|
| Sanming
|
仔
|
| Shunchang
|
仔
|
| Hua'an
|
仔
|
| Guixi (Zhangping)
|
仔
|
| Cangnan
|
仔
|
| Jingning
|
仔
|
| Lishui
|
仔
|
| Longyou
|
仔
|
| Chaozhou
|
仔
|
| Fengshun
|
仔
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
兒子
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
兒子
|
| Suzhou
|
兒子
|
| Wuxi
|
兒子
|
| Danyang
|
兒子
|
| Hangzhou
|
兒子, 伢兒
|
| Ningbo
|
兒子
|
| Wenzhou
|
兒
|
| Jinhua
|
兒, 兒子
|
| Jinhua (Tangxi)
|
兒
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
崽伢子, 崽, 伢子
|
| Xiangtan
|
崽, 崽伢唧
|
| Loudi
|
崽
|
| Shuangfeng
|
崽, 伢唧
|
| Quanzhou
|
崽
|
Dialectal synonyms of
子 (“
general diminutive suffix”)
[map]
Compounds
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Etymology 2
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For pronunciation and definitions of 囝 – see 囡 (“child; daughter; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 囡). |
Etymology 3
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Coined by Chinese empress regnant Wu Zetian. One of the Chinese characters of Empress Wu.
For pronunciation and definitions of 囝 – see 月 (“moon; moon-shaped; round like a moon; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 月). |
References
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Japanese
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囝 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
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Han character
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囝: Hán Nôm readings: cưởng, kiển, niên
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
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