囝
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Translingual
editHan character
edit囝 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 田弓木 (WND), four-corner 60407, composition ⿴囗子)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 216, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4688
- Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 713, character 7
- Unihan data for U+56DD
Chinese
editGlyph origin
editIdeogram (指事) : 囗 + 子 (“child; son”). Compare 囡.
Etymology 1
editsimp. and trad. |
囝 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 仔 子 |
Min dialectal word for “son; child”. Substrate borrowing, cognate with Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun (“child, son”) (Vietnamese con, Khmer កូន (koun)) (Schuessler, 2007). Likely related to 昆 (OC *kuːn, “descendants”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gin2 / zai2
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̌ing
- Eastern Min (BUC): giāng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gin2 / zai2
- Yale: gín / jái
- Cantonese Pinyin: gin2 / dzai2
- Guangdong Romanization: gin2 / zei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiːn³⁵/, /t͡sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- gin2 - literary;
- zai2 - vernacular.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̌ing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: giāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiaŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Sanxia, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kánn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvar
- IPA (Lukang): /kã⁵⁵/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gian2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiáⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kĩã⁵²/
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kranʔ/
Definitions
edit囝 (Min)
- son
- 郎罷別囝,吾悔生汝。及汝既生,人勸不舉。不從人言,果獲是苦。囝別郎罷,心摧血下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: ca. 8th century, Gu Kuang, 《囝》 (Son) [written in the ancient Min dialect].
Note: This poem was referring to the slavery system at the time in the Min area. The son had been forcibly castrated and was soon to be taken as a slave in a rich household. - Lángbà bié jiǎn, wú huǐ shēng rǔ. Jí rǔ jì shēng, rén quàn bù jǔ. Bù cóng rényán, guǒ huò shì kǔ. Jiǎn bié lángbà, xīn cuī xuè xià. [Pinyin]
- Father said to son when they parted: I regret begetting you;
When you were already born, people advised me to not bring you up;
I did not follow their words, and inevitably had this suffering coming.
Son is parted from father, with a heart shattered and eyes crying with blood.
郎罢别囝,吾悔生汝。及汝既生,人劝不举。不从人言,果获是苦。囝别郎罢,心摧血下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: ca. 8th century, Gu Kuang, 《囝》 (Son) [written in the ancient Min dialect].
- child
- baby, infant
- Diminutive suffix attached to nouns, equivalent to Mandarin 子 (zǐ).
- Diminutive suffix attached to classifiers.
Synonyms
editVariety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 子 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 子 |
Taiwan | 子 | |
Singapore | 子 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 仔1 |
Hong Kong | 仔1 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 仔1 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 仔6 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 仔6 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 仔6 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 仔1 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 囝 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 仔2 |
Quanzhou | 仔2 | |
Jinjiang | 仔2 | |
Zhangzhou | 仔2 | |
Zhangpu | 仔2 | |
Tainan | 仔2 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 囝 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 囝, 仔2 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 仔2 | |
Shantou | 囝 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 囝 | |
Jieyang | 囝 | |
Haifeng | 仔2 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 囝 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 囝 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 囝 | |
Wenchang | 囝 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 囝 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 頭, 子 |
Compounds
edit- 丈夫囝
- 丫頭囝/丫头囝
- 乖囝
- 乞食囝
- 伲囝
- 儂囝/侬囝
- 兄弟囝
- 凳囝
- 刀囝
- 卒囝
- 厝囝
- 命囝
- 和尚囝
- 囝仔 (gín-á)
- 囝命
- 囝囝
- 囝妮
- 囝婿
- 囝孫/囝孙
- 囝旦
- 囝生
- 囝生
- 大囝
- 女囝
- 妹囝
- 妹妹囝
- 婊囝
- 婊子囝
- 媳婦囝/媳妇囝
- 嬌囝/娇囝
- 孥囝
- 客囝
- 尾囝
- 巷囝
- 床囝
- 店囝
- 弟囝
- 後生囝/后生囝
- 戅囝
- 戇囝/戆囝
- 手囝
- 搖囝仔歌/摇囝仔歌
- 敗囝/败囝
- 新婦囝/新妇囝
- 曲蹄囝
- 枕頭囝/枕头囝
- 查埔囝
- 查某囝
- 桌囝
- 椅囝
- 樹囝/树囝
- 煞尾仔囝 (soah-bóe-á-kiáⁿ)
- 爐囝/炉囝
- 牛囝
- 犬囝
- 男囝
- 番囝
- 番錢囝/番钱囝
- 病囝
- 痞囝
- 瞎囝
- 碗囝
- 碟囝
- 空囝
- 竹囝
- 羊囝
- 耳囝
- 舅囝
- 舌囝
- 船囝
- 芽囝
- 苦囝
- 茶囝
- 菜囝
- 薰囝
- 褲囝/裤囝
- 討債囝/讨债囝
- 諸娘囝/诸娘囝
- 豆囝
- 豆腐囝
- 豬囝/猪囝
- 貓囝/猫囝
- 賊囝/贼囝
- 路囝
- 車囝/车囝
- 郎罷囝/郎罢囝
- 野囝
- 錢囝/钱囝
- 鑿囝/凿囝
- 阿囝
- 雞囝/鸡囝
- 雨囝
- 青囝
- 鞋囝
- 韃囝/鞑囝
- 風囝/风囝
- 馬囝/马囝
- 骹肚囝
- 鬼囝
- 鴨囝/鸭囝
- 鵝囝/鹅囝
Etymology 2
editFor pronunciation and definitions of 囝 – see 囡 (“child; daughter; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 囡). |
Etymology 3
editCoined by Chinese empress regnant Wu Zetian. One of the Chinese characters of Empress Wu.
For pronunciation and definitions of 囝 – see 月 (“moon; moon-shaped; round like a moon; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 月). |
References
edit- “囝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- zi.tools
Japanese
editKanji
edit囝
- baby; infant
Readings
editKorean
editHanja
edit囝 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit囝: Hán Nôm readings: cưởng, kiển, niên
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
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