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汝

汝 U+6C5D, 汝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C5D
← 汜
[U+6C5C]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 汞 →
[U+6C5E]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

汝 (radical 85 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水女 (EV), four-corner 34140, composition ⿰氵女)

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 606, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17138
  • Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1555, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6C5D

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 汝
alt. forms 女 “you”
你 Min “you” (colloquial)

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (女) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
拿 *rnaː
拏 *rnaː
詉 *rnaː
蒘 *rnaː, *na
笯 *rnaː, *naː, *naːs
挐 *rnaː, *na
絮 *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
呶 *rnaːw
怓 *rnaːw
帑 *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
奴 *naː
砮 *naː, *naːʔ
駑 *naː
孥 *naː
努 *naːʔ
弩 *naːʔ
怒 *naːʔ, *naːs
袽 *na
帤 *na
女 *naʔ, *nas
籹 *naʔ
恕 *hnjas
如 *nja, *njas
茹 *nja, *njaʔ, *njas
洳 *nja, *njas
鴽 *nja
蕠 *nja
汝 *njaʔ
肗 *njaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njaʔ): semantic 氵 + phonetic 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas).

EtymologyEdit

“you”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • lí/lír/lú - vernacular;
  • lí/lír/lú/jú/jí/ní - literary.
Note:
  • le2/lu2 - vernacular;
  • re2/ru2 - literary.
Rime
Character 汝
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 人渚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵɨə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiɔX/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 汝
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyoX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*naʔ/
English you (sg.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 汝
Reading # 1/1
No. 9628
Phonetic
component		 女
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 汝
Old
Chinese		 /*njaʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

汝

  1. (～水, ～河) Ru River, a northern tributary of the Huai River in modern-day southern Henan province. The name also refers to the Hong River in its lower reaches, which now shares a common course with the Ru, as well as a southern tributary of the Hong.
  2. (obsolete or Min) you (second-person pronoun)
    子貢問曰：「賜也何如？」子曰：「女器也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    子贡问曰：“赐也何如？”子曰：“女器也。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ Gòng wènyuē: “Cì yě hérú?” Zǐ yuē: “Rǔ qì yě.” [Pinyin]
    Zi Gong asked, "What do you say of me, Ci!" The Master said, "You are a utensil."
  3. A surname​.

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 汝、爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 你
Mandarin Beijing 你、您
Jinan 你
Xi'an 你
Wuhan 你、你家
Chengdu 你
Yangzhou 你
Hefei 你
Cantonese Guangzhou 你
Hong Kong 你
Taishan 你
Yangjiang 你
Gan Nanchang 你
Hakka Meixian 你
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 你
Liudui (S. Sixian) 你
Hsinchu (Hailu) 你
Dongshi (Dabu) 你
Zhuolan (Raoping) 你
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 你
Jin Taiyuan 你
Min Bei Jian'ou 你
Min Dong Fuzhou 汝
Matsu 汝
Min Nan Xiamen 汝
Quanzhou 汝
Zhangzhou 汝
Taipei 汝
Kaohsiung 汝
Tainan 汝
Taichung 汝
Hsinchu 汝
Lukang 汝
Sanxia 汝
Yilan 汝
Kinmen 汝
Magong 汝
Penang 汝
Singapore 汝
Philippines (Manila) 汝
Chaozhou 汝
Shantou 汝
Wu Shanghai 儂
Suzhou 倷
Wenzhou 你
Ningbo 儂、爾、爾儂、像儂、像爾
Xiang Changsha 你
Shuangfeng 你

CompoundsEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

汝

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. you

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
い
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[1][2] Possibly cognate with Korean 이 (i, “this person”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana い, rōmaji i)

  1. (derogatory) second person pronoun: you
    • 712: Kojiki (page 156)
      大久米命二人、召兄宇迦斯罵詈云、伊賀此二字以音所作仕奉於大殿内者、意禮此二字以音先入、明白其將爲仕奉之状而[...]
Usage notesEdit

Takes the particle が.

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
まし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (masu, “to be”, honorific).[1]

Alternatively, a shortening of imashi[1][2] (see below).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana まし, rōmaji mashi)

  1. (obsolete, informal) second person pronoun: you
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3440)
      許乃河泊尓 安佐菜安良布児 奈礼毛安礼毛 余知乎曽母弖流 伊仾児多婆里尓 一云 麻之毛安礼母
Usage notesEdit

Less honorific than both mashi and imashi.

Derived termsEdit
  • 汝 (いまし) (imashi)
  • 汝 (みまし) (mimashi)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
いまし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

The nominalization of honorific verb 坐す (imasu, “to be”, honorific).[1]

Possibly also analyzable as a compound of 汝 (i, “you”) +‎ 坐 (mashi, “presence; being”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of honorific verb 坐す masu, “to be”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana いまし, rōmaji imashi)

  1. (obsolete, polite) second person pronoun: you
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2517)
      足千根乃 母尓障良婆 無用 伊麻思毛吾毛 事應成
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3359)
      駿河能宇美 於思敝尓於布流 波麻都豆良 伊麻思乎多能美 波播尓多我比奴 一云 於夜尓多我比奴
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #29)
      朕子伊末之仁授給
Usage notesEdit

More honorific than mashi. Less honorific than mimashi.

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
みまし
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) +‎ 汝 (mashi, “you”).[1] Also analyzable as a shift in meaning of 御座 (mimashi), an honorific term of address or reference used for nobility.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana みまし, rōmaji mimashi)

  1. (obsolete, honorific) second person pronoun: you
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #5)
      藤原宮爾天下所知美麻斯乃父止坐天皇乃美麻斯爾賜志天下之業止詔大命乎聞食恐美受賜懼理坐事乎衆聞食宣。可久賜時爾美麻斯王乃齡乃弱爾[...]吾子美麻斯王爾授賜[...]
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #51)
      美末斯大臣乃萬政總以<...> 彌麻之大臣之家内子等乎母<...>美麻之大臣乃罷道母[...]
    • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #52)
      大命坐詔久美麻斯大臣乃仕奉來狀波[...]
Usage notesEdit

More honorific than both mashi and imashi.

Etymology 5Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
な
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with Korean 너 (neo, “you”, second-person singular informal pronoun).

Also found in some instances as a self-reference, one, oneself. This sense is more commonly spelled 己 when used in isolation.[1] Possibly cognate with Korean 나 (na, “I”, first-person singular informal pronoun).

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana な, rōmaji na)

  1. (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
    • 712: Kojiki (poem #5)
      夜知富許能 加微能美許登夜 阿賀淤富久迩奴斯 那許曾波 遠迩伊麻世婆 宇知微流 斯麻能佐岐邪岐 加岐微流 伊蘇能佐岐淤知受和加久佐能 都麻母多勢良米 阿波母與 賣迩斯阿禮婆 那遠岐弖遠波那志 那遠岐弖 都麻波那斯 [...]
    • 720: Nihon Shoki (poem #90)
      飫裒枳瀰能 耶陛能矩瀰哿枳 哿哿梅騰謀 儺嗚阿摩之耳彌 哿哿農倶彌柯枳
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3353)
      阿良多麻能 伎倍乃波也之尓 奈乎多弖天 由伎可都麻思自 移乎佐伎太多尼
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468)
      夜麻杼里乃 乎呂能波都乎尓 可賀美可家 刀奈布倍美許曽 奈尓与曽利鶏米
    • c. 920: Azuma Asobi Uta (#2)
      衣 和賀世古加 介左乃古止天者 奈奈川乎乃 也川乎乃古止乎 之良部 太留古止也 奈乎加介也末乃 可川乃介也 乎々々々
  2. (obsolete) first person pronoun: I
  3. (obsolete) self-referential pronoun: one, oneself
    • c. 759: Man'yōshū poem 1755 (text here)
      鴬之 生卵乃中尓 霍公鳥 獨所生而 己父尓 似而者不鳴 己母尓 似而者不鳴
      うぐひすの かひごのなかに ほととぎす ひとりうまれて ながちちに にてはなかず
      Inside a warbler's egg, a cuckoo was born, but it looked like its own father and did not sing...
Derived termsEdit
Derived terms
  • 汝 (なれ) (nare): you (see below)
  • 汝 (なむち) (namuchi): you (see below)
  • 汝 (なむぢ) (namuji): you (see below)
  • 汝 (なんじ) (nanji): you (see below)

Also appears in some ancient compound terms with a sense of I, my.

Etymology 6Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
なれ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. The long form of 汝 (na) above. Compound of 汝 (na) and suffix れ (re).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana なれ, rōmaji nare)

  1. (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3440)
      許乃河泊尓 安佐菜安良布児 奈礼毛安礼毛 余知乎曽母弖流 伊仾児多婆里尓 一云 麻之毛安礼母
    • c. 913 Kokin Wakashū (#904)
      ちはやぶる宇治のはしもり なれをしぞあはれとは思ふ 年のへぬれば

Etymology 7Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
なむち
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Compound of 汝 (na, “you”) +‎ 貴 (muchi, “noble”).[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana なむち, rōmaji namuchi)

  1. (obsolete) second person pronoun: you

Etymology 8Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
なむぢ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/namuti/ → /namudi/ → /namud͡ʑi/

From earlier なむち (namuchi). Final voicing due to influence of medial voiced /m/.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana なむじ, rōmaji namuji, historical hiragana なむぢ)

  1. (obsolete) second person pronoun: you
    • c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
      大納言わらゐて、「なむぢらが君の使と名を流しつ。君の仰ごとをば、いかが背くべき」との給て [...]
    • c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
      大納言起きゐてのたまはく、「汝（なむぢ）らよくもて來ずなりぬ。龍は鳴る神のるいにこそありけれ。[...]」

Etymology 9Edit

Kanji in this term
汝
なんじ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/namuti/ → /namudi/ → /nandi/ → /nand͡ʑi/

From earlier なむぢ (namudi).

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

汝 (hiragana なんじ, rōmaji nanji, historical hiragana なんぢ)

  1. (archaic) second person pronoun: you
    • c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
      「汝（なんぢ）が持ちて侍るかぐや姫たてまつれ。」
    • c. late 9th – mid-10th century, Taketori Monogatari
      いはく、「汝（なんぢ）、おさなき人、いささかなる功徳を翁つくりけるによりて、汝（なんぢ）が助けにとて、かた時のほどとて下ししを[...]」

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

汝 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune-Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

汝 (nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, nhữ, dử, nhừ, nở)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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