Wiktionary

S

See also: s [U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S], 's, -s, ѕ [U+0455 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE], Ѕ [U+0405 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE], Տ [U+054F ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN], Ꮪ [U+13DA CHEROKEE LETTER DU], and Appendix:Variations of "s"

S U+0053, S
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
← R
[U+0052] 		Basic Latin T →
[U+0054]
Ｓ U+FF33, Ｓ
FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
← Ｒ
[U+FF32] 		Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms Ｔ →
[U+FF34]

Translingual Edit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology Edit

From the Etruscan letter 𐌔 (s, “es”), from the Ancient Greek letter Σ (S, “sigma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤔‎ (š, “šin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌒.

Letter Edit

S (lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also Edit

Symbol Edit

S

  1. (chemistry) symbol for sulfur / sulphur
  2. (metrology) symbol for siemens, a measure of electrical conductance.
  3. (metrology) symbol for spat (obsolete astronomical unit of distance).
  4. (metrology) symbol for svedberg (unit of sedimentation rate in ultracentrifugation).
  5. (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for serine
  6. (geology) symbol for storativity
  7. (mathematics, topology) sphere
  8. (mathematics, computer science) The S ("substitution") combinator, defined as Sxyz = xz(yz), used in SKI calculus
  9. (linguistics) A wildcard for a sibilant; or sometimes ambiguously for a stop, fricative, sonorant or semivowel
  10. (usually clothing) small (the manufactured size)

Gallery Edit

  • Letter styles
  •  

    Uppercase and lowercase versions of S, in normal and italic type

  •  

    Uppercase and lowercase S in Fraktur

See also Edit

Other representations of S:

English Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • (name of letter) IPA(key): /ɛs/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /s/, /z/, /ʒ/

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s, plural Ss or S's)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.
Derived terms Edit
See also Edit

Number Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The ordinal number nineteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

Etymology 2 Edit

Abbreviation.

S

  1. (stenoscript) the sound sequence /st/ in a word, e.g. it's the transcription of the suffix -ist.
  2. (stenoscript) the prefix sub-
    [some manuals advise lower-case s for the prefix sub-]
  3. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of south.

Noun Edit

S

  1. Initialism of south.
  2. Initialism of season (group of episodes of a series).
    I watched S01 through 03. I have yet to watch the S04.
    The pilot episode is S01E01.
  3. (usually clothing, singular only) Initialism of small (the manufactured size or an item of that size).
    Coordinate terms: XXS, XS, M, L, XL, XXL
  4. (music) Initialism of soprano.
  5. (American Library Association) Initialism of sextodecimo (book size, 15-17.5 cm in height).
Translations Edit

Adjective Edit

S (not comparable)

  1. (usually clothing) Initialism of small (of the manufactured size).
    Coordinate terms: XXS, XS, M, L, XL, XXL

Etymology 3 Edit

From the first letter of set and of stage, two fundamental concepts of the theory.

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Proper noun Edit

S

  1. (set theory) An axiomatic set theory, developed by logician George Boolos, in which several of the axioms of ZF are derivable as theorems.
    S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms.

Afar Edit

Letter Edit

S

  1. The forth letter in the Afar alphabet.

See also Edit

Afrikaans Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • (letter name): IPA(key): /ɛs/

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Noun Edit

S (plural S's, diminutive S'ie)

  1. S

Azerbaijani Edit

Letter Edit

S upper case (lower case s)

  1. The twenty-fifth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Basque Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • IPA(key): /es̺e/, [e̞.s̺e̞]

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ese and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Central Franconian Edit

Etymology Edit

  • /z/, /ʃ/ are from West Germanic *s.
  • For the origin of /s/, see ß.

Pronunciation Edit

  • (German-based) /z/, (coda or doubled) /s/, (in initial sp, st) /ʃ/
  • (Dutch-based) /s/

Letter Edit

S

  1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
  2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

Usage notes Edit

  • In the German-based spelling, /s/ after long vowels and diphthongs is represented by ß (see there).
  • In the Dutch-based spelling, /z/ is represented by z (see there). /ʃ/ is represented by sj.
Doubling of S
  • In the German-based spelling, s [s] is doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem. However, s for [z] may be doubled or not.
  • In the Dutch-based spelling, s is doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.

Chinese Edit

Pronunciation 1 Edit

Note: Often realised as 4eq&3sr or just 1es.

Letter Edit

S

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.

Pronunciation 2 Edit

Letter Edit

S

  1. The nineteenth letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notes Edit
  • 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
  • The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
  • The official pronunciation defined in 《汉语拼音方案》, ㄝㄙ (ê̄s), is not a valid syllable in Pinyin.

Dutch Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Esperanto Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called so and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Noun Edit

S

  1. Abbreviation of sudo (“south”).

Pronoun Edit

S

  1. (text messaging) Abbreviation of ŝi (“she”).

Alternative forms Edit

Estonian Edit

 
Estonian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia et

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Finnish Edit

Etymology Edit

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on Swedish, German and Latin. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and S for development of the glyph itself.

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called äs or es and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

French Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Noun Edit

S

  1. Abbreviation of sud; south

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Galician Edit

Noun Edit

S

  1. Abbreviation of sur (“south”).

Antonyms Edit

  • (south): N

German Edit

Etymology Edit

For the origin of the letter, see s.

Orthography and pronunciation

Single s in prevocalic position is pronounced /z/, except when it follows an obstruent within the word stem (e.g. Achse, bugsieren, Lotse, schubsen). /s/ is usually retained in recent borrowings from English (e.g. Sex), to a lesser degree also in recent borrowings from other languages (e.g. Salsa). Words from the classical languages and pre-1900 loanwords behave like native words.

Stem-initial st and sp are pronounced /ʃt/ and /ʃp/ in native words. The same is generally true for classical and pre-1900 loanwords, though in this case we find some exceptions which are at least optionally pronounced with /st/, /sp/ (e.g. Stil, Stola). Recent borrowings tend to retain the original sounds. Again, this tendency is stronger with English than with other source languages (cf. e.g. Spaghetti with /ʃp/).

The trigraph sch is pronounced /ʃ/, except when there is an intervening morpheme boundary, which normally happens only with the diminutive suffix -chen (cf. e.g. Häuschen).

Otherwise, pre-consonantal and word-final s is always pronounced /s/. This also includes st, sp when they are not stem-initial. The same is generally true for doubled ss. There are, however, a few words in which ss may – optionally – be pronounced /z/ (e.g. Fussel, Massel, quasseln, Schussel). For the orthographic choice between ss and ß, see the latter.

Pronunciation Edit

  • (letter) IPA(key): /ɛs/, [ʔɛs]
  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /z/, /s/, /ʃ/ (see etymology section)

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the German alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.
    • 1877, Dr. Schröer, “Gelegentliche Bemerkungen über erhöhte Ansprüche, die nun an die Aufzeichnung mundartlicher Sprachproben zu stellen wären”, in Die deutschen Mundarten. Zeitschrift für Dichtung, Forschung und Kritik. Herausgegeben von Dr. G. Karl Frommann. Siebenter Band (neuer Folge erster Band), page 15:
      Für die zweierlei S, das scharfe ß und das weiche, tönende s, sind die Zeichen s und ſ zu empfehlen. Letzteres wird im Französischen, Englischen, Holländischen, Polnischen, Madjarischen mit z bezeichnet, das wir nicht annehmen können, weil bei uns, wie schon bemerkt, z den Laut ts bezeichnet.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Noun Edit

S

  1. Abbreviation of Süd; south

Hungarian Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈʃ]
  • (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈɛʃː]
  • Audio (phoneme)(file)

Letter Edit

S

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.

Declension Edit

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative S S-ek
accusative S-et S-eket
dative S-nek S-eknek
instrumental S-sel S-ekkel
causal-final S-ért S-ekért
translative S-sé S-ekké
terminative S-ig S-ekig
essive-formal S-ként S-ekként
essive-modal — —
inessive S-ben S-ekben
superessive S-en S-eken
adessive S-nél S-eknél
illative S-be S-ekbe
sublative S-re S-ekre
allative S-hez S-ekhez
elative S-ből S-ekből
delative S-ről S-ekről
ablative S-től S-ektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		S-é S-eké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		S-éi S-ekéi
Possessive forms of S
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. S-em S-eim
2nd person sing. S-ed S-eid
3rd person sing. S-e S-ei
1st person plural S-ünk S-eink
2nd person plural S-etek S-eitek
3rd person plural S-ük S-eik

See also Edit

Ido Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Italian Edit

 
Italian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia it

Pronunciation Edit

  • (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.se/
  • (phonemic realization, between vowels) IPA(key): /z/, /s/
  • (phonemic realization, when followed by a voiceless consonant) IPA(key): /s/
  • (phonemic realization, when followed by a voiced consonant) IPA(key): /z/

Letter Edit

S f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case s)

  1. The seventeenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called esse and written in the Latin script.

Noun Edit

S m

  1. Abbreviation of sud; south

See also Edit

Japanese Edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Pronunciation Edit

Etymology 1 Edit

From English superior.

Noun Edit

S(エス) • (esu) 

  1. (education) highest academic grading in the S-A-B-C-F scale
  2. (chiefly video games) S, the highest rank or grade (above A) commonly used in ranking systems in video games
Descendants Edit
  • English: S

Etymology 2 Edit

From English small.

Noun Edit

S(エス) • (esu) 

  1. small size
Synonyms Edit
Related terms Edit

Etymology 3 Edit

From English sadism; compare English S&M.

Noun Edit

S(エス) • (esu) 

  1. (sexuality, euphemistic) sadism, sadist
  2. (colloquial) dominant personality
Antonyms Edit
Derived terms Edit

Kashubian Edit

Etymology Edit

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and S for development of the glyph itself.

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Latvian Edit

 
Latvian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia lv

Etymology Edit

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation Edit

  This entry needs audio files. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record some and upload them. (For audio required quickly, visit WT:APR.)

Letter Edit

 
S

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Malay Edit

 
Malay Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ms

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Nupe Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Polish Edit

Etymology Edit

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and S for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Polish alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Portuguese Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Romani Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. (International Standard) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
  2. (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Romanian Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Romanian alphabet, called es, se, or sî and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Saanich Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Silesian Edit

Etymology Edit

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and S for development of the glyph itself.

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-sixth letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Skolt Sami Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (lower case s)

  1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Slovak Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The thirty-third letter of the Slovak alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Slovene Edit

 
Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sl

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Somali Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S upper case (lower case s)

  1. The ninth letter of the Somali alphabet, called sa and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes Edit

  1. The ninth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by R and followed by SH.

See also Edit

Spanish Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.

Noun Edit

S m

  1. Abbreviation of sur; south

Swedish Edit

Proper noun Edit

S

  1. Abbreviation of Socialdemokraterna (“Swedish Social Democratic Party”).

Tagalog Edit

Etymology Edit

From Spanish S. Each pronunciation has a different source:

  • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English S.
  • Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character ᜐ (sa).
  • Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish S.

Pronunciation Edit

  • Hyphenation: S
  • (letter name, Filipino alphabet): IPA(key): /ʔes/, [ʔɛs]
  • (letter name, Abakada alphabet): IPA(key): /sa/, [sɐ]
  • (letter name, Abecedario): IPA(key): /ˈʔese/, [ˈʔɛ.sɛ]
  • (phoneme): IPA(key): /s/, [s]
  • Rhymes: -es, -a, -ese

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔)

  1. The twenty-first letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Filipino alphabet), called es and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s, Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

  1. The sixteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abakada alphabet), called sa and written in the Latin script.

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s, Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐᜒ)

  1. (historical) The twenty-second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (Abecedario), called ese and written in the Latin script.

Further reading Edit

Turkish Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-second letter of the Turkish alphabet, called se and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Vietnamese Edit

Pronunciation Edit

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛt̚˧˦ si˨˩], [ʔɛt̚˧˦ si˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ naŋ˧˨ʔ]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ ʂɪj˦˩], [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩], [ʂəː˦˩], [ʂəː˦˩ naŋ˨˩ʔ] ~ [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩], [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩], [səː˦˩], [səː˦˩ naŋ˨˩ʔ]
  • (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛk̚˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩], [ʔɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [ʂəː˨˩], [ʂəː˨˩ naŋ˨˩˨] ~ [ʔɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [ʔɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ naŋ˨˩˨]
  • Phonetic: ét sì, ét xì, sờ, sờ nặng

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called ét, ét-xì, sờ, or sờ nặng and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Welsh Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twenty-fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ès and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Rh and followed by T.

Mutation Edit

  • S cannot be mutated in Welsh.

See also Edit

Further reading Edit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “S”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yoruba Edit

Pronunciation Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The twentieth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called sí and written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

Zulu Edit

Letter Edit

S (upper case, lower case s)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also Edit

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