S
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TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the Etruscan letter 𐌔 (s, “es”), from the Ancient Greek letter Σ (S, “sigma”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤔 (š, “šin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓌓.
LetterEdit
S (lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter S): Śś Ṥṥ Ŝŝ Šš Ṧṧ Ṡṡẛ Şş Ṣṣ Ṩṩ Șș S̩s̩ ᵴ ᶊ ʂ ȿ ꜱ Ss ſ ẞß stſt
SymbolEdit
S
- (chemistry) symbol for sulfur / sulphur
- (metrology) symbol for siemens, a measure of electrical conductance.
- (metrology) symbol for spat (obsolete astronomical unit of distance).
- (metrology) symbol for svedberg (unit of sedimentation rate in ultracentrifugation).
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for serine
- (geology) symbol for storativity
- (mathematics, topology) sphere
- (mathematics, computer science) The S ("substitution") combinator, defined as Sxyz = xz(yz), used in SKI calculus
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a sibilant; or sometimes ambiguously for a stop, fricative, sonorant or semivowel
- (usually clothing) small (the manufactured size)
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of S, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase S in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of S:
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s, plural Ss or S's)
- The nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
NumberEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The ordinal number nineteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2Edit
Abbreviation.
S
- (stenoscript) the sound sequence /st/ in a word, e.g. it's the transcription of the suffix -ist.
- (stenoscript) the prefix sub-
- [some manuals advise lower-case s for the prefix sub-]
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of south.
NounEdit
S
- Initialism of south.
- Initialism of season (group of episodes of a series).
- I watched S01 through 03. I have yet to watch the S04.
- The pilot episode is S01E01.
- (usually clothing, singular only) Initialism of small (the manufactured size or an item of that size).
- (music) Initialism of soprano.
- (American Library Association) Initialism of sextodecimo (book size, 15-17.5 cm in height).
TranslationsEdit
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AdjectiveEdit
S (not comparable)
Etymology 3Edit
From the first letter of set and of stage, two fundamental concepts of the theory.
Proper nounEdit
S
- (set theory) An axiomatic set theory, developed by logician George Boolos, in which several of the axioms of ZF are derivable as theorems.
- S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms.
AfarEdit
LetterEdit
S
- The forth letter in the Afar alphabet.
See alsoEdit
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
NounEdit
AzerbaijaniEdit
LetterEdit
S upper case (lower case s)
- The twenty-fifth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twentieth letter of the Basque alphabet, called ese and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Central FranconianEdit
EtymologyEdit
- /z/, /ʃ/ are from West Germanic *s.
- For the origin of /s/, see ß.
PronunciationEdit
- (German-based) /z/, (coda or doubled) /s/, (in initial sp, st) /ʃ/
- (Dutch-based) /s/
LetterEdit
S
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notesEdit
- In the German-based spelling, /s/ after long vowels and diphthongs is represented by ß (see there).
- In the Dutch-based spelling, /z/ is represented by z (see there). /ʃ/ is represented by sj.
- In the German-based spelling, s [s] is doubled after short vowels except in certain function words and when the letter is followed by another consonant within the word stem. However, s for [z] may be doubled or not.
- In the Dutch-based spelling, s is doubled after short vowels if the syllable were otherwise open.
ChineseEdit
Pronunciation 1Edit
LetterEdit
S
- The nineteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2Edit
LetterEdit
S
- The nineteenth letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notesEdit
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
- The official pronunciation defined in 《汉语拼音方案》, ㄝㄙ (ê̄s), is not a valid syllable in Pinyin.
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-second letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called so and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z
NounEdit
S
- Abbreviation of sudo (“south”).
PronounEdit
S
- (text messaging) Abbreviation of ŝi (“she”).
Alternative formsEdit
- (she): Ŝ
EstonianEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
FinnishEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called äs or es and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
S
- Abbreviation of sud; south
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
GalicianEdit
NounEdit
S
- Abbreviation of sur (“south”).
AntonymsEdit
- (south): N
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
For the origin of the letter, see s.
Single s in prevocalic position is pronounced /z/, except when it follows an obstruent within the word stem (e.g. Achse, bugsieren, Lotse, schubsen). /s/ is usually retained in recent borrowings from English (e.g. Sex), to a lesser degree also in recent borrowings from other languages (e.g. Salsa). Words from the classical languages and pre-1900 loanwords behave like native words.
Stem-initial st and sp are pronounced /ʃt/ and /ʃp/ in native words. The same is generally true for classical and pre-1900 loanwords, though in this case we find some exceptions which are at least optionally pronounced with /st/, /sp/ (e.g. Stil, Stola). Recent borrowings tend to retain the original sounds. Again, this tendency is stronger with English than with other source languages (cf. e.g. Spaghetti with /ʃp/).
The trigraph sch is pronounced /ʃ/, except when there is an intervening morpheme boundary, which normally happens only with the diminutive suffix -chen (cf. e.g. Häuschen).
Otherwise, pre-consonantal and word-final s is always pronounced /s/. This also includes st, sp when they are not stem-initial. The same is generally true for doubled ss. There are, however, a few words in which ss may – optionally – be pronounced /z/ (e.g. Fussel, Massel, quasseln, Schussel). For the orthographic choice between ss and ß, see the latter.
PronunciationEdit
- (letter) IPA(key): /ɛs/, [ʔɛs]
Audio (file) - Homophones: ess, Es, es (last only when stressed, which is rare)
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /z/, /s/, /ʃ/ (see etymology section)
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the German alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.
- 1877, Dr. Schröer, Gelegentliche Bemerkungen über erhöhte Ansprüche, die nun an die Aufzeichnung mundartlicher Sprachproben zu stellen wären, in: Die deutschen Mundarten. Zeitschrift für Dichtung, Forschung und Kritik. Herausgegeben von Dr. G. Karl Frommann. Siebenter Band (neuer Folge erster Band), page 15:
- Für die zweierlei S, das scharfe ß und das weiche, tönende s, sind die Zeichen s und ſ zu empfehlen. Letzteres wird im Französischen, Englischen, Holländischen, Polnischen, Madjarischen mit z bezeichnet, das wir nicht annehmen können, weil bei uns, wie schon bemerkt, z den Laut ts bezeichnet.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1877, Dr. Schröer, Gelegentliche Bemerkungen über erhöhte Ansprüche, die nun an die Aufzeichnung mundartlicher Sprachproben zu stellen wären, in: Die deutschen Mundarten. Zeitschrift für Dichtung, Forschung und Kritik. Herausgegeben von Dr. G. Karl Frommann. Siebenter Band (neuer Folge erster Band), page 15:
NounEdit
S
- Abbreviation of Süd; south
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S
- The thirtieth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | S | S-ek |
accusative | S-et | S-eket |
dative | S-nek | S-eknek |
instrumental | S-sel | S-ekkel |
causal-final | S-ért | S-ekért |
translative | S-sé | S-ekké |
terminative | S-ig | S-ekig |
essive-formal | S-ként | S-ekként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | S-ben | S-ekben |
superessive | S-en | S-eken |
adessive | S-nél | S-eknél |
illative | S-be | S-ekbe |
sublative | S-re | S-ekre |
allative | S-hez | S-ekhez |
elative | S-ből | S-ekből |
delative | S-ről | S-ekről |
ablative | S-től | S-ektől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
S-é | S-eké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
S-éi | S-ekéi |
Possessive forms of S | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | S-em | S-eim |
2nd person sing. | S-ed | S-eid |
3rd person sing. | S-e | S-ei |
1st person plural | S-ünk | S-eink |
2nd person plural | S-etek | S-eitek |
3rd person plural | S-ük | S-eik |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈɛs.se/
- Rhymes: -ɛsse
- (phonemic realization, between vowels) IPA(key): /z/, /s/
- (phonemic realization, when followed by a voiceless consonant) IPA(key): /s/
- (phonemic realization, when followed by a voiced consonant) IPA(key): /z/
LetterEdit
S f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case s)
- The seventeenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called esse and written in the Latin script.
NounEdit
S m
- Abbreviation of sud; south
See alsoEdit
JapaneseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
- (education) highest academic grading in the S-A-B-C-F scale
- (chiefly video games) S, the highest rank or grade (above A) commonly used in ranking systems in video games
DescendantsEdit
- English: S
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
- small size
SynonymsEdit
- 小 (shō)
Related termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From English sadism; compare English S&M.
NounEdit
- (sexuality, euphemistic) sadism, sadist
- (colloquial) dominant personality
AntonymsEdit
- M (emu)
Derived termsEdit
- ドS (do-esu)
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S
- The nineteenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
NupeEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Polish alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u (V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
RomaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- (International Standard) The twenty-fourth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The twenty-fifth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-second letter of the Romanian alphabet, called es, se, or sî and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SaanichEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S
- The twenty-sixth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Skolt SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (lower case s)
- The twenty-eighth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SloveneEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SomaliEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S upper case (lower case s)
- The ninth letter of the Somali alphabet, called sa and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- The ninth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by R and followed by SH.
See alsoEdit
SpanishEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twentieth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.
NounEdit
S m
- Abbreviation of sur; south
SwedishEdit
Proper nounEdit
S
TurkishEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-second letter of the Turkish alphabet, called se and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
VietnameseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛt̚˧˦ si˨˩], [ʔɛt̚˧˦ si˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ naŋ˧˨ʔ]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ ʂɪj˦˩], [ʔɛt̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩], [ʂəː˦˩], [ʂəː˦˩ naŋ˨˩ʔ]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛk̚˦˥ ʂɪj˨˩], [ʔɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [ʂəː˨˩], [ʂəː˨˩ naŋ˨˩˨] ~ [ʔɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [ʔɛk̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩], [səː˨˩], [səː˨˩ naŋ˨˩˨]
- Phonetic: ét sì, ét xì, sờ, sờ nặng
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-third letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called ét, ét-xì, sờ, or sờ nặng and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called ès and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by Rh and followed by T.
MutationEdit
- S cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “S”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
YorubaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The twentieth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called sí and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
ZuluEdit
LetterEdit
S (upper case, lower case s)
- The nineteenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.