あれ
Japanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative spellings |
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彼 彼れ |
From older kare → are. Compound of あ (a, “that, yon”) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives).
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
- distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
- Synonym: (dialectal, Kagoshima) あい
- (deictically) that one over there (far from the speaker and the addressee)
- あれはなんですか?
- Are wa nan desu ka?
- What is that?
- あれはなんですか?
- (anaphorically) that one we both know (both the speaker and the addressee know)
- これはあれでしょ?○○。
- Kore wa are desho?○○.
- This is that one thing, isn't it? You know, X.
- これはあれでしょ?○○。
- (chiefly derogatory) third-person personal pronoun: he, she, that person
- you-know-what; a thing whose name the speaker do not want to mention
- (archaic) second-person pronoun: you
Usage notes edit
- Indicates something far off, removed from both speaker and addressee. Contrast with それ (sore), indicating something removed from the speaker but closer to the addressee.
See also edit
Japanese demonstratives
ko- “this” (close to speaker) |
so- “that” (close to listener) |
a- “that over there” (far from both) |
do- “which” (indeterminate, question) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — | |
Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — | |
Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
こういう (kō iu) | そういう (sō iu) | ああいう (ā iu) | どういう (dō iu) | |
Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
こっから (kokkara) | そっから (sokkara) | — | どっから (dokkara) | |
Direction / Human | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
こなた (konata) | そなた (sonata) | あなた (anata) | どなた (donata) | |
Direction | こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) |
Human | こいつ (koitsu) | そいつ (soitsu) | あいつ (aitsu) | どいつ (doitsu) |
Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
Degree | これくらい (kore kurai) | それくらい (sore kurai) | あれくらい (are kurai) | どれくらい (dore kurai) |
これだけ (kore dake) | それだけ (sore dake) | あれだけ (are dake) | どれだけ (dore dake) | |
これほど (kore hodo) | それほど (sore hodo) | あれほど (are hodo) | どれほど (dore hodo) | |
* irregular ** regular (long vowel) |
a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) |
na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) |
k- “this” (close to speaker) |
s- “that” (close to listener) |
a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) |
i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) |
ono- “oneself” (reflexive) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) |
な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) |
こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) |
おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
Thing | こ (ko) これ (kore) |
そ (so) それ (sore) |
あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) |
いづれ (izure) なに (nani) |
|||
Location | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) |
いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) |
|||
Direction | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) |
そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) |
あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) |
いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) |
|||
Manner | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) |
さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) |
いか (ika) | ||||
Time | いつ (itsu) |
Adjective edit
あれ or アレ • (are) -na (adnominal あれな (are na), adverbial あれに (are ni))
- あれ, アレ: (informal, euphemistic) "you know what I mean"
Inflection edit
Inflection of あれ
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | あれだろ | are daro | |
Continuative (連用形) | あれで | are de | |
Terminal (終止形) | あれだ | are da | |
Attributive (連体形) | あれな | are na | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | あれなら | are nara | |
Imperative (命令形) | あれであれ | are de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | あれではない あれじゃない |
are de wa nai are ja nai | |
Informal past | あれだった | are datta | |
Informal negative past | あれではなかった あれじゃなかった |
are de wa nakatta are ja nakatta | |
Formal | あれです | are desu | |
Formal negative | あれではありません あれじゃありません |
are de wa arimasen are ja arimasen | |
Formal past | あれでした | are deshita | |
Formal negative past | あれではありませんでした あれじゃありませんでした |
are de wa arimasen deshita are ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | あれで | are de | |
Conditional | あれなら(ば) | are nara (ba) | |
Provisional | あれだったら | are dattara | |
Volitional | あれだろう | are darō | |
Adverbial | あれに | are ni | |
Degree | あれさ | aresa |
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
- huh? (expression of surprise and confusion when talking to yourself)
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Chinese:
- → Mandarin: 啊咧
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of あれ – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, あれ, is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as あれ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as あれ.) |
Etymology 4 edit
Alternative spellings |
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吾 我 |
The long form of あ (a, “I, me”). From あ (a) + れ (-re, nominalizing suffix)
Fell into disuse in roughly the Heian period,[1] when it was replaced by われ (ware).
Pronunciation edit
(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)
Pronoun edit
- (obsolete) first-person personal pronoun: I, me
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yume no Ukihashi)
- ...と、聞こえ動かして、几帳のもとに、おし寄せたてまつりたれば、あれにもあらず、居給へるけはい...
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yume no Ukihashi)
Etymology 5 edit
Alternative spellings |
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有れ 在れ |
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
- (Classical Japanese, literary) imperative of あり (ari, “to exist”); (modern language) imperative of ある (aru, “to exist”)
- 光あれ
- hikari are
- let there be light
- 乞うご期待あれ
- kou go-kitai are
- (modern language, formal) please stay tuned
- お試しあれ
- o-tameshi are
- (modern language, formal) please try it out
- ご覧あれ
- go-ran are
- please look
- 1979, Yoshiyuki Tomino, Mobile Suit Gundam, episode 10, spoken by Garma Zabi (Katsuji Mori):
- 光あれ
Usage notes edit
- Although it remains grammatically correct in modern language, there are few, if any, situations in which it is used, outside of stock formal phrases inherited from the classical language.
Derived terms edit
- 幸あれ (sachi are)
References edit
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
- Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
- Yamagishi, Tokuhei (1963) Koten Bungaku Taikei 14: Genji Monogatari 5 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN