腸
|
Translingual
editHan character
edit腸 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月日一竹 (BAMH), four-corner 76227, composition ⿰月昜(GJK) or ⿰⺼昜(HTV))
Derived characters
editRelated characters
edit- 膓 (unorthodox form)
- 肠 (Simplified Chinese)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 990, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29721
- Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2095, character 9
- Unihan data for U+8178
Chinese
edittrad. | 腸 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 肠 | |
alternative forms | 膓/肠 |
Glyph origin
editOld Chinese | |
---|---|
湯 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ |
踼 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs |
蝪 | *l̥ʰaːŋ |
薚 | *l̥ʰaːŋ |
簜 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ |
盪 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ |
偒 | *l̥ʰaːŋʔ |
蕩 | *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ |
燙 | *l̥ʰaːŋs |
啺 | *l'aːŋ |
碭 | *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs |
婸 | *l'aːŋʔ |
愓 | *l'aːŋʔ |
璗 | *l'aːŋʔ |
崵 | *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ |
逿 | *l'aːŋs |
暢 | *l̥ʰaŋs |
畼 | *l̥ʰaŋs |
腸 | *l'aŋ |
場 | *l'aŋ |
傷 | *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs |
殤 | *hljaŋ |
觴 | *hljaŋ |
慯 | *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs |
禓 | *hljaŋ, *laŋ |
塲 | *hljaŋ |
陽 | *laŋ |
楊 | *laŋ |
揚 | *laŋ |
瘍 | *laŋ |
煬 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
鍚 | *laŋ |
暘 | *laŋ |
颺 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
昜 | *laŋ |
輰 | *laŋ |
敭 | *laŋ |
鰑 | *laŋ |
諹 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
瑒 | *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ |
鸉 | *laŋ |
餳 | *ljaːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'aŋ) : semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jaŋ ~ m-jaŋ (“large intestine”), whence Helambu Tibetan ནང་ཇུལ (nang jul, “viscera; guts; entrails”) and Chepang योङ्क्लीः (yoŋ-kliʔ, “intestine”) (STEDT).
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is also cognate with Tibetan ལོང་ཀ (long ka, “intestines; entrails; guts”).
- Hong Kong Cantonese "penis"
- Semantic loan from English sausage.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cang2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cong2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): con1
- Northern Min (KCR): cō̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dòng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6zan / 2zan; 6zaon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
- Wade–Giles: chʻang2
- Yale: cháng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
- Palladius: чан (čan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cang
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: coeng4 / coeng4-2
- Yale: chèuhng / chéung
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng4 / tsoeng4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: cêng4 / cêng4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ciang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng
- Hakka Romanization System: congˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cong2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: con1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cō̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /touŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiân
- Tâi-lô: tshiân
- Phofsit Daibuun: chieen
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâng
- Tâi-lô: tiâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: diaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ¹³/
Note:
- tn̂g - vernacular (“intestine”);
- chhiâng - literary (“sausage”, may be considered vernacular);
- chhiân - common variant in Taiwan for “sausage”;
- tiông/tiâng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: deng5 / ciang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂ng / tshiâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɯŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
- deng5 - vernacular;
- ciang5 - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 腸 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /tʃʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ̃²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰaŋ³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰã̠¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡suə¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰɑ̃³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zã²³/ |
Suzhou | /zã¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡zɑŋ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /d͡ʑi³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /tʃʰoŋ¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰœŋ³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tiɔŋ³⁵/ /tŋ̍³⁵/ /t͡sʰiaŋ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /touŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tiɔŋ²¹/ /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/ /tɯŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /siaŋ³¹/ /ʔdo³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: drjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lraŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'aŋ/
Definitions
edit腸
- (anatomy) intestine
- (figurative) heart; emotions
- sausage
- (Cantonese) Short for 腸粉/肠粉 (“cheong fun”).
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) penis (Classifier: 條/条 c)
Synonyms
edit- (emotions):
- (penis):
Compounds
edit- 一條腸子/一条肠子
- 中腸/中肠 (zhōngcháng)
- 九迴腸/九回肠
- 俠骨柔腸/侠骨柔肠
- 傾腸倒腹/倾肠倒腹
- 儉腸凹肚/俭肠凹肚 (khiām-tn̂g-neh-tō͘) (Min Nan)
- 兒女心腸/儿女心肠
- 共話衷腸/共话衷肠
- 冷心腸/冷心肠
- 冷腸/冷肠
- 別具肺腸/别具肺肠
- 別有肺腸/别有肺肠
- 刮腸洗胃/刮肠洗胃
- 剛腸/刚肠
- 割肚牽腸/割肚牵肠
- 割腸子/割肠子
- 十二指腸/十二指肠 (shí'èrzhǐcháng)
- 司華力腸/司华力肠 (sīhuálìcháng)
- 古道熱腸/古道热肠 (gǔdàorècháng)
- 吞刀刮腸/吞刀刮肠
- 哀腸百轉/哀肠百转
- 回腸/回肠 (huícháng)
- 回腸九回/回肠九回
- 回腸蕩氣/回肠荡气
- 壞腸子/坏肠子
- 大腸/大肠 (dàcháng)
- 大腸息肉/大肠息肉
- 大腸桿菌/大肠杆菌 (dàcháng gǎnjūn)
- 大腸炎/大肠炎
- 大腸癌/大肠癌 (dàcháng'ái)
- 大腸菌/大肠菌
- 大腸菌類/大肠菌类
- 好心腸/好心肠
- 寸腸/寸肠
- 小肚雞腸/小肚鸡肠 (xiǎodùjīcháng)
- 小腸/小肠 (xiǎocháng)
- 心腸/心肠 (xīncháng)
- 思華力腸/思华力肠 (sīhuálìcháng)
- 情腸/情肠
- 愁腸/愁肠 (chóucháng)
- 愁腸九轉/愁肠九转
- 愁腸寸斷/愁肠寸断
- 愁腸百結/愁肠百结
- 懸腸掛肚/悬肠挂肚
- 掛肚牽腸/挂肚牵肠
- 掛腸懸膽/挂肠悬胆
- 搜索枯腸/搜索枯肠 (sōusuǒkūcháng)
- 揪腸子/揪肠子
- 撐腸拄肚/撑肠拄肚
- 撐腸拄腹/撑肠拄腹
- 擢髮抽腸/擢发抽肠
- 攪肚蛆腸/搅肚蛆肠
- 斷腸/断肠 (duàncháng)
- 斷腸花/断肠花
- 斷腸草/断肠草
- 施華力腸/施华力肠 (shīhuálìcháng)
- 有肚腸/有肚肠
- 木石心腸/木石心肠
- 枯腸/枯肠
- 柔腸/柔肠 (róucháng)
- 柔腸寸斷/柔肠寸断 (róuchángcùnduàn)
- 柔腸百結/柔肠百结
- 柔腸百轉/柔肠百转
- 枵腸轆轆/枵肠辘辘
- 沒心腸/没心肠
- 沒腸肚/没肠肚
- 淚乾腸斷/泪干肠断
- 淚出痛腸/泪出痛肠
- 湔浣腸胃/湔浣肠胃
- 瀝膽抽腸/沥胆抽肠
- 灌腸/灌肠
- 灌香腸/灌香肠
- 無腸公子/无肠公子
- 熱心腸/热心肠 (rèxīncháng)
- 熱腸/热肠
- 爛腸子/烂肠子
- 牽肚掛腸/牵肚挂肠
- 牽腸割肚/牵肠割肚
- 牽腸掛肚/牵肠挂肚
- 猿腸寸斷/猿肠寸断
- 直肚直腸/直肚直肠
- 直腸/直肠 (zhícháng)
- 盲腸/盲肠 (mángcháng)
- 直腸子/直肠子 (zhíchángzi)
- 盲腸炎/盲肠炎 (mángchángyán)
- 直腸癌/直肠癌 (zhícháng'ái)
- 直腸直肚/直肠直肚 (zhíchángzhídù)
- 眼穿腸斷/眼穿肠断
- 石心木腸/石心木肠
- 空腸/空肠 (kōngcháng)
- 粉腸/粉肠 (fěncháng)
- 糯米腸/糯米肠
- 索盡枯腸/索尽枯肠
- 結腸/结肠 (jiécháng)
- 絞腸痧/绞肠痧 (jiǎochángshā)
- 羊腸/羊肠 (yángcháng)
- 羊腸小徑/羊肠小径 (yángchángxiǎojìng)
- 羊腸小道/羊肠小道 (yángchángxiǎodào)
- 羊腸線/羊肠线
- 羊腸路/羊肠路
- 羊腸鳥道/羊肠鸟道
- 羊霜腸/羊霜肠
- 肚腸/肚肠
- 肝腸寸斷/肝肠寸断 (gānchángcùnduàn)
- 肝腸崩裂/肝肠崩裂
- 肚轉腸鳴/肚转肠鸣
- 肥腸/肥肠 (féicháng)
- 肺腸/肺肠
- 肥腸滿腦/肥肠满脑
- 脫腸/脱肠
- 腓腸/腓肠 (féicháng)
- 腐腸之藥/腐肠之药
- 腔腸動物/腔肠动物 (qiāngcháng dòngwù)
- 腓腸肌/腓肠肌 (féichángjī)
- 腸傷寒/肠伤寒
- 腸套疊/肠套叠 (chángtàodié)
- 腸子/肠子 (chángzi)
- 腸慌腹熱/肠慌腹热
- 腸斷/肠断 (chángduàn)
- 腸枯思竭/肠枯思竭
- 腸泌素/肠泌素
- 腸液/肠液 (chángyè)
- 腦滿腸肥/脑满肠肥 (nǎomǎnchángféi)
- 腸炎/肠炎 (chángyán)
- 腹熱腸荒/腹热肠荒
- 腸癰/肠痈
- 腸穿孔/肠穿孔
- 腸粘連/肠粘连
- 腸結核/肠结核
- 腸絨毛/肠绒毛
- 腸線/肠线
- 腸繫膜/肠系膜 (chángxìmó)
- 腸肚/肠肚 (chángdù)
- 腸肥腦滿/肠肥脑满
- 腸胃/肠胃 (chángwèi)
- 腸脂垂/肠脂垂 (chángzhīchuí)
- 腸腺/肠腺
- 腸衣/肠衣 (chángyī)
- 腸阻塞/肠阻塞 (chángzǔsè)
- 腸骨/肠骨 (chánggǔ)
- 臘腸/腊肠 (làcháng)
- 臘腸樹/腊肠树
- 臘腸狗/腊肠狗
- 自有肺腸/自有肺肠
- 芒角撐腸/芒角撑肠
- 草腹菜腸/草腹菜肠
- 菩薩心腸/菩萨心肠 (púsàxīncháng)
- 蕩氣回腸/荡气回肠
- 蕩氣迴腸/荡气回肠
- 蛇蠍心腸/蛇蝎心肠 (shéxiēxīncháng)
- 蟬腹龜腸/蝉腹龟肠
- 血腸/血肠 (xuècháng)
- 衷腸/衷肠 (zhōngcháng)
- 衷腸密語/衷肠密语
- 衷腸話/衷肠话
- 詩腸鼓吹/诗肠鼓吹
- 軟心腸/软心肠
- 迴腸/回肠 (huícháng)
- 迴腸傷氣/回肠伤气
- 迴腸寸斷/回肠寸断
- 迴腸蕩氣/回肠荡气
- 酒有別腸/酒有别肠
- 鉤腸債/钩肠债
- 錦繡心腸/锦绣心肠
- 鐵心石腸/铁心石肠 (tiěxīnshícháng)
- 鐵心腸/铁心肠
- 鐵打心腸/铁打心肠
- 鐵石心腸/铁石心肠 (tiěshíxīncháng)
- 鐵腸石心/铁肠石心
- 離腸/离肠
- 食不充腸/食不充肠
- 飢火燒腸/饥火烧肠
- 飢腸/饥肠 (jīcháng)
- 飢腸轆轆/饥肠辘辘 (jīchánglùlù)
- 饑腸轆轆/饥肠辘辘 (jīchánglùlù)
- 香腸/香肠 (xiāngcháng)
- 香腸族/香肠族
- 魚腸劍/鱼肠剑
- 鱧腸/鳢肠 (lǐcháng)
- 鳥道羊腸/鸟道羊肠
- 黃腸/黄肠
- 黑心腸/黑心肠
- 鼠肚雞腸/鼠肚鸡肠
- 鼠腹雞腸/鼠腹鸡肠
Japanese
editKanji
edit腸
Readings
edit- Go-on: じょう (jō)←ぢやう (dyau, historical)
- Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)←ちやう (tyau, historical)
- Kun: はらわた (harawata, 腸); わた (wata, 腸)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
腸 |
わた Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *wata.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (anatomy) the intestines
Derived terms
edit- 腸 (harawata)
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
腸 |
はらわた Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
- [parawata] → [ɸarawata] → [harawata]. Compound of 腹 (hara, “stomach”) + 腸 (wata, “intestines”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Tokyo) はらわた [hàráwáꜜtà] (Nakadaka – [3])
- (Tokyo) はらわた [hàráwátá] (Heiban – [0])
- (Tokyo) はらわた [hàráwátáꜜ] (Odaka – [4])
- IPA(key): [ha̠ɾa̠β̞a̠ta̠]
Noun
edit- (anatomy) the large intestines
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
- 脯 趺武友 乾肉薄折之曰脯也 大小腸 波良汙多
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō:
- 大腸 中黄子云 大腸 音長 波良和太 [...] 爲傳送之府 [...] 膽者中正之官 脾胃者倉稟之官 大腸者傳道之官 小腸者受盛之官 [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (anatomy) intestines
Etymology 3
editKanji in this term |
---|
腸 |
ちょう Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
/tyau/ → /tyoː/.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- (anatomy) the intestines; the bowels
- 1993 December 15 [1990 March 25], Sasaki, Noriko, 動物のお医者さん [The Veterinarian], 36th edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 19:
- 年頃の女性が自分の腸なんか見ていていいのだろうか
- Toshigoro no josei ga jibun no chō nan ka miteite ii no darō ka
- Is it okay for a woman of marriageable age to stare at her own guts?
- 年頃の女性が自分の腸なんか見ていていいのだろうか
References
edit- Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 腸 (MC drjang).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 땨ᇰ (Yale: ttyàng) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | 애〯 (Yale: ǎy) | 댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
edit腸 (eumhun 창자 장 (changja jang))
Compounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit腸: Hán Nôm readings: tràng, trường, trướng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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