Wiktionary

腸

See also: 肠 and 膓
腸 U+8178, 腸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8178
← 腷
[U+8177] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 腹 →
[U+8179]

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

腸 (radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月日一竹 (BAMH), four-corner 76227, composition ⿰月昜(GJK) or ⿰⺼昜(HTV))

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 990, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2095, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8178

ChineseEdit

trad. 腸
simp. 肠
alternative forms 膓

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湯 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪 *l̥ʰaːŋ
薚 *l̥ʰaːŋ
簜 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒 *l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩 *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙 *l̥ʰaːŋs
啺 *l'aːŋ
碭 *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸 *l'aːŋʔ
愓 *l'aːŋʔ
璗 *l'aːŋʔ
崵 *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿 *l'aːŋs
暢 *l̥ʰaŋs
畼 *l̥ʰaŋs
腸 *l'aŋ
場 *l'aŋ
傷 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤 *hljaŋ
觴 *hljaŋ
慯 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓 *hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲 *hljaŋ
陽 *laŋ
楊 *laŋ
揚 *laŋ
瘍 *laŋ
煬 *laŋ, *laŋs
鍚 *laŋ
暘 *laŋ
颺 *laŋ, *laŋs
昜 *laŋ
輰 *laŋ
敭 *laŋ
鰑 *laŋ
諹 *laŋ, *laŋs
瑒 *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉 *laŋ
餳 *ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aŋ): semantic 肉 (“body”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jaŋ ~ m-jaŋ (“large intestine”), whence Helambu Tibetan ནང་ཇུལ (nang jul, “viscera; guts; entrails”) and Chepang योङ्‌क्‍लीः (yoŋ-kliʔ, “intestine”) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is also cognate with Tibetan ལོང་ཀ (long ka, “intestines; entrails; guts”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • tn̂g - vernacular (“intestine”);
  • chhiâng - literary (“sausage”, may be considered vernacular);
  • chhiân - common variant in Taiwan for “sausage”;
  • tiông/tiâng - literary.
Note:
  • deng5 - vernacular;
  • ciang5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 腸
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
    /t͡sʰɑŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /tʃʰaŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰɔ̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡sʰaŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰã̠¹/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰɒ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡suə¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sʰɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zã²³/
    Suzhou /zã¹³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zɑŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /d͡ʑi³¹/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰia⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂan¹³/
    Xiangtan /ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰoŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰœŋ²¹/
    Nanning /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰœŋ³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tiɔŋ³⁵/
    /tŋ̍³⁵/
    /t͡sʰiaŋ³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /touŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tiɔŋ²¹/
    /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/
    /tɯŋ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /siaŋ³¹/
    /ʔdo³¹/
    Rime
    Character 腸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		cháng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		coeng4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 腸
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		cháng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lraŋ/
    English intestines

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 腸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14579
    Phonetic
    component         		昜
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		長
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'aŋ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    腸

    1. (anatomy) intestine
    2. (figuratively) heart; emotions
    3. sausage

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 腸

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    腸

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit
    CompoundsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    腸
    わた
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *wata.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    腸(わた) • (wata) 

    1. (anatomy) the intestines
    Derived termsEdit

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    腸
    はらわた
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi
    • [parawata] → [ɸarawata] → [harawata]. Compound of 腹 (hara, “stomach”) +‎ 腸 (wata, “intestines”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    腸(はらわた) • (harawata) 

    1. (anatomy) the large intestines
      • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
        脯 趺武友 乾肉薄折之曰脯也 大小腸 波良汙多
        (please add an English translation of this quote)
      • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō
        大腸 中黄子云 大腸 音長 波良和太 [...] 爲傳送之府 [...] 膽者中正之官 脾胃者倉稟之官 大腸者傳道之官 小腸者受盛之官 [...]
        (please add an English translation of this quote)
    2. (anatomy) intestines

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    腸
    ちょう
    Grade: 6
    on’yomi

    /tyau/ → /tyoː/.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    腸(ちょう) • (chō) ←ちやう (tyau)?

    1. (anatomy) the intestines; the bowels
      • 1993 December 15 [Mar 25 1990], Sasaki, Noriko, 動(どう)物(ぶつ)のお医(い)者(しゃ)さん [The Veterinarian], volume 3 (fiction), 36th edition, Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 19:
        年(とし)頃(ごろ)の女(じょ)性(せい)が自(じ)分(ぶん)の腸(ちょう)なんか見(み)ていていいのだろうか
        Toshigoro no josei ga jibun no chō nan ka miteite ii no darō ka
        Is it okay for a woman of marriageable age to stare at her own guts?

    ReferencesEdit

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 腸 (MC ɖɨɐŋ).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 땨ᇰ (Yale: ttyàng)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 애〯 (Yale: ǎy) 댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng)

    PronunciationEdit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
      • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    腸 (eumhun 창자 장 (changja jang))

    1. Hanja form? of 장 (“intestine”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    腸: Hán Nôm readings: tràng, trường, trướng

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