J
See also: j [U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J], Appendix:Variations of "j", and ل [U+0644 ARABIC LETTER LAM]
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TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
From a modification of the Latin letter I (“i”), from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “iota”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, “yod”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.
LetterEdit
J (lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter J): Ĵĵ Ɉɉ J̌ǰ ȷ ϳ ʝ ɟ ʄ ᴊ Ｊｊ IJij IJij LJLjlj LJLjlj NJNjnj NJNjnj
SymbolEdit
J
- (metrology) The symbol for joule, the unit of work or energy in the International System of Units
- jack (playing card)
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a palatal consonant
- Synonym: Ɉ
- (Voice Quality Symbols) position of the jaw (modified for protruded, offset, etc.)
- (clothing) Bra cup size.
NumeralEdit
J (upper case Roman numeral, lower case j)
- Archaic form of I (“1”) used at the end of a number.
- VIIJ ― 8
GalleryEdit
- Letter styles
-
Uppercase and lowercase versions of J, in normal and italic type
-
Uppercase and lowercase J in Fraktur
See alsoEdit
Other representations of J:
EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (UK) (file)
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j, plural Js or J's)
- The tenth letter of the English alphabet, called jay and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- In some names beginning with "J" of northern or eastern European origin, "J" is pronounced as a "Y", for example in the former country of Jugoslavia, which in English more recently is more commonly spelled as Yugoslavia.
- In Spanish names and loanwords beginning with "J", the "J" is usually pronounced as an "H", for example in the name Julio.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
NounEdit
- (slang) (plural Js or J's) A marijuana cigarette. (Abbreviation of joint.)
- 1980 July, Paul Simon (lyrics and music), “Late in the Evening”, in One-Trick Pony:
- I stepped outside to smoke myself a J.
- 1998, Joel and Ethan Coen, The Big Lebowski, spoken by The Dude (Jeff Bridges):
- Mind if I do a J?
- 2023, “Modern Day Ripoff”, in Every Loser, performed by Iggy Pop:
- I ran out of blow a long time ago / I can't smoke a J or my guts fly away
- In the name of a serial publication: abbreviation of Journal.
- 1969, The Law Commission, Family Law: Report on Financial Provision in Matrimonial Proceedings (Law Com. No. 25)[1], London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, →OCLC, paragraph 29, note 57:
- "Custody or upbringing" is regarded as including access; yet in B. v. B. & F. above no regard was paid to the welfare of the infants which was irrelevant to the particular issue with which the court was concerned—namely whether children were "children of the family". But the effect was to deprive the husband of access and it seems clear that whether or not he was the father, access could have been awarded to him in an application other than under s. 34 of the 1965 Act if the welfare of the children so demanded: [1969] Cam. L.J. [Cambridge Law Journal] 37 […]
- (law, postnominal) (plural JJ) Abbreviation of judge or justice.
- 1992 June 3, Chief Justice Anthony Mason; Justice Michael McHugh, “Mabo v Queensland (No 2)”, in Australasian Legal Information Institute[2], High Court of Australia:
- In the result, six members of the Court (Dawson J. dissenting) are in agreement that the common law of this country recognizes a form of native title which, in the cases where it has not been extinguished, reflects the entitlement of the indigenous inhabitants, in accordance with their laws or customs, to their traditional lands and that, subject to the effect of some particular Crown leases, the land entitlement of the Murray Islanders in accordance with their laws or customs is preserved, as native title, under the law of Queensland. The main difference between those members of the Court who constitute the majority is that, subject to the operation of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), neither of us nor Brennan J. agrees with the conclusion to be drawn from the judgments of Deane, Toohey and Gaudron JJ. that, at least in the absence of clear and unambiguous statutory provision to the contrary, extinguishment of native title by the Crown by inconsistent grant is wrongful and gives rise to a claim for compensatory damages.
- (Britain, road transport) Abbreviation of junction.
- The Highways Agency plan to close J10 of the M5 to refurbish the motorway bridge.
- (card games) Abbreviation of jack.
- (basketball) Abbreviation of jump shot.
- 2017 February 18, Mike Gantner, “Durant a big admirer of DeRozan and his work ethic”, in Toronto Sun[3]:
- And Durant had a front seat for just how much work DeRozan was putting in during their time together in Rio. "I watched him man," Durant said. "His footwork in the post is flawless. His jump shot in the mid-range is incredible. That is the type of stuff I look at as a basketball guy, his footwork, his mechanics on his J, his handle. At first he was a dunker and he barely dunks now. He’s a finesse player but he can play power forward. I’m a big fan."
- (slang, chiefly in the plural) (plural Js or J's) an Air Jordan shoe
- 2022 December 21, Ghetto Smosh, MY J’S CAN TALK!?!?[4], 1:57 from the start:
- Don't pay no mind, Antwon, it's just an angry-ass J...
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
playing card
ReferencesEdit
- “Judges and Officials”, in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, 19th edition, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Law Review Association, 2010, →ISBN, Table T11, page 443.
Proper nounEdit
J
- (religion) Abbreviation of Jehovist.
See alsoEdit
AfrikaansEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Afrikaans alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
NounEdit
AngamiEdit
LetterEdit
J
- The nineteenth letter of the Angami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
AzerbaijaniEdit
LetterEdit
J upper case (lower case j)
- The fifteenth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Basque alphabet, called jota and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Central FranconianEdit
EtymologyEdit
- /j/, /ɣ/ are from West Germanic stem-inital *j; from stem-internal *g; from stem-initial *g in Ripuarian and northernmost Moselle Franconian.
PronunciationEdit
- /j/, [j], (Moselle Franconian also) [ʑ]
LetterEdit
J
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notesEdit
- After back vowels, /ɣ/ (see G) is used instead of /j/ with few exceptions. The difference between these is thus widely allophonic.
Doubling of J and use in the syllable coda
- Intervocalically after short (front) vowels, j may be doubled to jj.
- In the syllable coda, j is replaced with ch in the German-based spelling, g in the Dutch-based spelling.
ChineseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Initialism of jer.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
J
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang, euphemistic) penis (Classifier: 條／条)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, slang) person
SynonymsEdit
VerbEdit
J (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang)
- to masturbate; to have sexual fantasy towards another individual
- (in general) to fantasize; to fantasize about something
AdjectiveEdit
J
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
| simp. and trad. |
J | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 積／积 Cantonese | |
From the letter J of the English pattern playing cards. Various names exist for this symbol in the spoken language.
- Mandarin gōu
- From 鉤／钩 (gōu, “hook”), because the letter J resembles a hook.
- Cantonese zik1
- Borrowed from English jack.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
J
SynonymsEdit
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | 鉤兒 |
| Luoyang | 鉤, 十一 | |
| Zhengzhou | 鉤, 十一 | |
| Xi'an | 丁子 | |
| Ürümqi | 丁鉤兒 | |
| Wuhan | 鉤子, 鉤, 鉤鉤, 孫子 | |
| Guiyang | 鉤鉤, 鉤, 夾鉤 | |
| Liuzhou | 歐 | |
| Xuzhou | 丁鉤兒, 甲鉤兒 | |
| Yangzhou | 茄鉤, 傑鉤 | |
| Nanjing | 丁鉤 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 積 |
| Hong Kong | 積 | |
| Taishan | 積 | |
| Wuzhou | 積 | |
| Yulin | 鉤 | |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鉤子 |
| Pingxiang | 鉤子, 鉤 | |
| Hakka | Yudu | 鉤子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 丁鉤 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鉤子 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 丁 |
| Shantou | 丁 | |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 斜鉤 |
| Suzhou | 茄杠 |
Etymology 3Edit
Pronunciation 1Edit
LetterEdit
J
- The tenth letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2Edit
LetterEdit
J
- The tenth letter used in Pinyin.
Usage notesEdit
- 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education; another pronunciation is commonly used instead.
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (capital, lowercase j)
- The tenth letter of the Dutch alphabet.
See alsoEdit
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The thirteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called jo or je and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
EstonianEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called jott and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
FinnishEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called jii and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the German alphabet.
SymbolEdit
J
- (chemistry) The chemical symbol of iodine.
- (card games) A jack, also called Junge.
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The seventeenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called jé and written in the Latin script.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | J | J-k |
| accusative | J-t | J-ket |
| dative | J-nek | J-knek |
| instrumental | J-vel | J-kkel |
| causal-final | J-ért | J-kért |
| translative | J-vé | J-kké |
| terminative | J-ig | J-kig |
| essive-formal | J-ként | J-kként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | J-ben | J-kben |
| superessive | J-n | J-ken |
| adessive | J-nél | J-knél |
| illative | J-be | J-kbe |
| sublative | J-re | J-kre |
| allative | J-hez | J-khez |
| elative | J-ből | J-kből |
| delative | J-ről | J-kről |
| ablative | J-től | J-ktől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
J-é | J-ké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
J-éi | J-kéi |
| Possessive forms of J | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | J-m | J-im |
| 2nd person sing. | J-d | J-id |
| 3rd person sing. | J-je | J-i |
| 1st person plural | J-nk | J-ink |
| 2nd person plural | J-tek | J-itek |
| 3rd person plural | J-jük | J-ik |
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs
Further readingEdit
- j in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
IndonesianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (letter name) IPA(key): /i‿lˈlun.ɡa/, /i‿lˈlun.ɡo/, /ˈd͡ʒɛj/, /ˈd͡ʒej/, /ˈjɔd/[1]
- (phonemic realization) IPA(key): /j/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/ (varies according to the source language of the borrowed term)
LetterEdit
J f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case j)
- the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet, called i lunga in Italian
Usage notesEdit
- The letter J is not considered part of the contemporary Italian alphabet. It is found in loanwords, including Latinisms, where it is a variant of the letter I.
- Until the early 20th century, however, it was common (though surely not obligatory) to replace I with J when it had the sound /j/ and was both preceded and followed by a vowel; thus cuoiaio was also written cuojajo.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lettera; A a (À à), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, J j, K k), L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v (W w, X x, Y y), Z z
Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
ReferencesEdit
- ^ J in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
LatinEdit
In Latin, the letter J is a modern typographical convention for the consonant form of I. The letter I in ancient times represented either a vowel or a consonant, see I for more information.
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J
- A letter of the Latin alphabet.
ReferencesEdit
- "J", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
PronunciationEdit
| (file) |
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The fifteenth letter of the Latvian alphabet, called jē and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
MalayEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [d͡ʒe]
- (Phoneme, Syllable initial) IPA(key): [d͡ʒ]
- (Phoneme, Syllable final) IPA(key): [t͡ʃ]
LetterEdit
J
- The tenth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
NorwegianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- the tenth letter of the Norwegian alphabet
Usage notesEdit
In old inscriptions and texts may be replaced by i. In neo-runic inscriptions from 17-19th centuries is usually replaced with the rune ᛁ or with the letter İ.
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from English J, a short form of joint
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
J m (definite singular J'en, uncountable)
NupeEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The twelfth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The thirteenth letter of the Polish alphabet, called jot and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż
Further readingEdit
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
RomaniEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- (International Standard) The thirteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (Pan-Vlax) The fourteenth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
ReferencesEdit
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “J, j”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 14
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The thirteenth letter of the Romanian alphabet, called je or jî and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SaanichEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J
- The thirteenth letter of the Saanich alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
Skolt SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (lower case j)
- The seventeenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
SloveneEdit
LetterEdit
J (capital, lowercase j)
- The 11th letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by I and followed by K.
SomaliEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J upper case (lower case j)
- The fourth letter of the Somali alphabet, called ja and written in the Latin script.
Usage notesEdit
- The fourth letter of the Somali alphabet, which follows Arabic abjad order. It is preceded by T and followed by X.
See alsoEdit
SpanishEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- the tenth letter of the Spanish alphabet
SwedishEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- the tenth letter of the Swedish alphabet
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
PronounEdit
J
- Archaic form of ni (“you”), alternative letter-case form of j [since 1522][1]
- 1740, Carl Gyllenborg, Swenska Sprätthöken, Comédie, Uti 5. Acter[5], page 40:
- [...] och då skall J få bli qwar i Stockholm, til deß måßan wäxer på Er, för Juncker Torbiörn.
- [...] and then You will stay in Stockholm, until the moss grows on you, for Juncker Torbiörn.
ReferencesEdit
TurkishEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The thirteenth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
UzbekEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (lower case j)
- The ninth letter of the Uzbek alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The fourteenth letter of the Welsh alphabet, called je and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by I and followed by L.
MutationEdit
- J cannot be mutated in Welsh.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), chapter J, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
YorubaEdit
PronunciationEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The eleventh letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called jí and written in the Latin script.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
ZuluEdit
LetterEdit
J (upper case, lower case j)
- The tenth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.