鄭重

See also: 郑重

Chinese edit

		surname	heavy; serious; to double heavy; serious; to double; to repeat; repetition; iteration; again; a layer
trad. (鄭重)		鄭	重
simp. (郑重)		郑	重

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhèngzhòng

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zeng⁶ zung⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tēng-tiōng / tēng-tiǒng / tīⁿ-tiōng / tīⁿ-tiǒng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzhòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄓㄨㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngjhòng
  - Wade–Giles: chêng⁴-chung⁴
  - Yale: jèng-jùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqjonq
  - Palladius: чжэнчжун (čžɛnčžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zeng⁶ zung⁶
  - Yale: jehng juhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzeng⁶ dzung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zéng⁶ zung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛːŋ²² t͡sʊŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tēng-tiōng
  - Tâi-lô: tīng-tiōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexngdiong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ³³⁻²¹ tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ²²⁻²¹ tiɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tēng-tiǒng
  - Tâi-lô: tīng-tiǒng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² tiɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tīⁿ-tiōng
  - Tâi-lô: tīnn-tiōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvixdiong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tĩ²²⁻²¹ tiɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tīⁿ-tiǒng
  - Tâi-lô: tīnn-tiǒng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tĩ⁴¹⁻²² tiɔŋ²²/

Middle Chinese: drjengH drjowngH

Rime
Character	鄭	重
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直正切	柱用切
Baxter	drjengH	drjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖiᴇŋ^H/	/ɖɨoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɛŋ^H/	/ɖioŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæŋ^H/	/ȡioŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiajŋ^H/	/ɖuawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ȡiɛŋ^H/	/ȡioŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛŋ^H/	/ȡĭwoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛŋ^H/	/ȡʱi̯woŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèng	zhòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing⁶	zung⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]reŋ-s N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*deŋs doŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鄭	重
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèng	zhòng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjeng^H ›	‹ drjowng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]reŋ-s/	/*N-t<r>oŋʔ-s/
English	Zhèng (a surname)	weight (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鄭	重
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	2352	17463
Phonetic component	奠	重
Rime group	耕	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	鄭	重
Old Chinese	/*deŋs/	/*doŋs/

Adjective edit

鄭重

solemn; stately; serious
一個鄭重的承諾／一个郑重的承诺 ― yīge zhèngzhòng de chéngnuò ― a solemn promise

Synonyms edit

厲害／厉害 (lìhài)
嚴／严 (yán)
嚴厲／严厉 (yánlì)
嚴峻／严峻 (yánjùn)
嚴正／严正 (yánzhèng)
嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
嚴酷／严酷 (yánkù)
尊重 (zūnzhòng)
整肅／整肃 (zhěngsù)
正經／正经
淩厲／凌厉 (línglì) (literary)
狠狠 (hěnhěn)
矜持 (jīnchí)
莊／庄 (zhuāng)
莊重／庄重 (zhuāngzhòng)

Adverb edit

鄭重

solemnly
(obsolete) frequently; repeatedly; tenaciously
- 然非皇天所以鄭重降符命之意，故是日天復決其以勉書。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  然非皇天所以郑重降符命之意，故是日天复决其以勉书。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Rán fēi Huángtiān suǒyǐ zhèngzhòng jiàng fúmìng zhī yì, gù shìrì Tiān fù jué qí yǐ miǎn shū. [Pinyin]
  However, (his previous attempt to humbly decline the heavenly mandate) was not what Heaven intended by repeatedly dispatching His auspicious signs. Therefore, on that day Heaven again pronounced His verdict in the form of divine scripts (manufactured by Ai Zhang) encouraging him (to assume the imperial throne).
(obsolete) tediously; in excessive detail
- 只是說得忒煞鄭重滯泥，正如世俗所謂山東學究是也。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  只是说得忒煞郑重滞泥，正如世俗所谓山东学究是也。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 13th century, various editors, A Collection of Conversations of Master Zhu (《朱子語類》)
  Zhǐshì shuōde tè shà zhèngzhòng zhìnì, zhèngrú shìsú suǒwèi shāndōng xuéjiū shì yě. [Pinyin]
  It's just that (the Gongyang and the Guliang) explain stuff so tediously and in such wearisome way, which is exactly what people mean by the "pedants of the East".
(obsolete) in earnest; sincerely
- 悉可以示汝國中人，使知國家哀汝，故鄭重賜汝好物也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  悉可以示汝国中人，使知国家哀汝，故郑重赐汝好物也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE
  Xī kěyǐ shì rǔ guózhōng rén, shǐ zhī guójiā āi rǔ, gù zhèngzhòng cì rǔ hǎowù yě. [Pinyin]
  You may exhibit all of them to the people of your land, so that they may understand that We bestow upon you the treasures in sincerity out of our compassion toward you.