User talk:AryamanA/2017

Hindi work

Hiya,

Sorry to see you stopped working on Hindi or you're just having a break? We never had a dedicated Hindi editor, anyway. Just letting you know that your work was appreciated. Cheers. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 21:44, 2 March 2017 (UTC)

Yeah, trying to come back now. Just had a bunch of work last year, hopefully will be editing more now. Thanks for the encouragement! —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 16:48, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

Etymologies

I'm happy to see you're back. I have a couple Indian etymologies in Swahili that you or @DerekWinters might be interested in helping with:

• embe (“mango”) — I can't tell what language it likely came from
• korija — some sources say it was brought by Indians, but what would the intermediate form be?
• harambee — there's a presumably spurious etymology given at w:Harambee that references a name for the goddess Durga

Thanks! —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 23:02, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

I'll get to work on embe right away, korija might take some time to decipher, and harambee (which I was looking at earlier) probably is speculative. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:09, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

Hmm, this dictionary has this entry for embe:

embe [Bem iyembe, Kik riembe, Gan yembe, from PBan *jembe] = mango

I don't know much about Swahili, but it looks like embe is a native word for mango with quite a few cognates. I'll let you decide whether the etymology is reliable. On, the other hand korija is most likely a Hindi borrowing. I have no clue about harambee. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:27, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

• The OED claims pardo may come via Konkani (and also mentions Indo-Persian). I don't know what to make of it and no terms are given. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 05:23, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

कारौ and the existence of Braj Bhasha, and Mumbai

Hello. It's nice to see you back working on Hindi again. Can I ask what consensus or agreed upon decision there is for removing Braj Bhasha from कारौ and calling it Braj Hindi. While a form of Hindi spoken in Braj may exist, I certainly do not believe that Braj should be removed as a language, or worse, simply called a dialect of Hindi.

Also @Metaknowledge, on a separate note, would it not better for regional forms of a language be based on the current, most widely accepted name for the region? My question regards Mumbai/Bombay Hindi. In a similar fashion, people would call it Chennai Tamil over Madras Tamil, and I think that should apply here. Also I think the distinction should be made between Mumbai Hindi and Bambaiyya Hindi, the latter of which is the dialect that follows slightly altered grammatical rules and forms from Standard Hindi, and the former is would be a tag placed on vocabulary specific to Mumbai. What are your guys' thoughts? DerekWinters (talk) 16:55, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

(just to be sure, the Braj category I made was Category:Braj Bhāṣā, not Braj Hindi) I'll be honest I'm not sure whether Braj (and by extension Haryanvi and Bundeli and Chattisghari etc.) should be classified as a language or a Hindi dialect. I'm leaning towards dialect though. Much of the higher level vocabulary (beyond pronouns and some simple nouns) is identical to that of Hindi. To put it another way, it would be a waste to duplicate so many entries just because the lower-level grammar and pronunciation is different in these languages/dialects. I've looked at some Braj texts, and I find I understand them to a degree. Besides, classifying it as a dialect does not mean it will get as many entries; I've found A Braj grammar that I'll be adding some entries from. As for Bambaiyya and Mumbai Hindi, I always thought they were the same? Whatever the case is, these should remain dialects. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 18:02, 11 April 2017 (UTC)

Hi, sorry for the delay. Higher vocabulary should not be our metric for deciding whether something is a language or a dialect. And there is no requirement that you add all of the Braj vocabulary, so the duplicate entries for science vocab don't have to fulfilled by you, or could even be done by a bot if it really is that simple. But mutual intelligibility is also not a metric, for I studied Spanish and speak it rather well, but I can understand Asturian, Extremaduran, Leonese, and Aragonese, and even some Catalan because of it. Yet no one shifts them to dialects of Spanish, because it's simply not the situation. Also, Bambaiyya is the dialect essentially, but Mumbai is vocab specific to Mumbai used in Standard Hindi, like essentially Mumbai slang and stuff. DerekWinters (talk) 19:16, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

Kind of like Scottish English vs. Scots, a form of a standard language vs. a language (or dialect in our case, although sometimes called a creole). So I would say that अपुन is Bambaiyya, whereas things like मामा, police, (which my parents use a lot) would be part of Mumbai Hindi and Bambaiyya Hindi as it is used in both, but where ठुल्ला would be Delhi Hindi. DerekWinters (talk) 19:28, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

I am now somewhat inclined to agree with you. I suppose I mainly wanted to merge Braj into Hindi to make entry creation easier. The problem with Bambaiyya Hindi is that there are far less resources about it, only a few scholarly articles are available online (although I could be searching more thoroughly). Braj on the other hand has comprehensive grammar, dictionaries, and texts available online; there is better case for it to be treated as its own language. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 03:42, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

Mutual intelligibility most certainly should be a major metric for deciding language mergers. A lot of our languages are separated because it makes it easier; Asturian is very similar to Spanish, but merging it would make people mad at us and make our entries really messy. Hindi is the same language as Urdu, but because they are written in different scripts, we wouldn't gain much from merging them. In this case, Braj is widely considered to be a dialect (including by Wikipedia) and is in the same script, is mutually intelligible, and shares a great deal of vocabulary. This seems like a great case for a merger. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 04:05, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

Braj has a bit of a special position though, with a very long tradition of independent literature (13th century) and many independent grammars and other material that sets it apart in Indian linguistics from Khadiboli, more so than some of the other Western Hindi languages (although from general consensus I hear that pure Haryanvi is it's own language). And yeah there's like no information on Bambaiyya out there. DerekWinters (talk) 00:42, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

I've noticed the Oxford Hindi dictionary also had Braj and Awadhi in it as Hindi dialects. It appears to not be comprehensive though; I don't see कारौ (kārau), but I do see other words like हौं (ha͠u) and कालि (kāli). —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 03:22, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

Well Awadhi is an Eastern Hindi language so it definitely is not a dialect of Hindi. Although some other sources I've seen place it closer to Bhojpuri than to Hindi. DerekWinters (talk) 01:47, 16 April 2017 (UTC)

/ʋ/ allophones

Hey! I heard that /ʋ/ can be phonemically transcribed [v] and [w]. The question is simple. When do you use which? There is no clear answer in the Hindi phonology page on Wikipedia — AWESOME meeos ！ * ([nʲɪ‿bʲɪ.spɐˈko.ɪtʲ]) 23:54, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

They do mention of it being variable, but they do mention it can cause confusions between speakers. — AWESOME meeos ！ * ([nʲɪ‿bʲɪ.spɐˈko.ɪtʲ]) 23:56, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

I just chicken out and use phonetic /ʋ/. I'm no professional IPA transcriber, so I find it difficult to tell when I use [v] and [w] in Hindi. I will say though my particular idiolect is closer to [v] most of the time (except in consonant clusters such as बकवास (bakvās)). It varies from person to person, so take it with a grain of salt. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:23, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

Help

Can I ask you for a help. I saw Hindi statistics in your user page. Can you prepare one for me with Telugu statistics. I am not able to follow my contributions. Thanking you.--Rajasekhar1961 (talk) 14:34, 22 April 2017 (UTC)

Oh those are not my contributions, that is the total Hindi statistics. Here's one for Telugu:

17,281

Telugu lemmas

2,802 non-lemma forms • 12,501 nouns • 1,618 verbs • 1,443 adjectives

—Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 18:21, 22 April 2017 (UTC)

@Rajasekhar1961: You can see your own statistics here. I use this to track how many entries I've added. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 18:24, 22 April 2017 (UTC)

Thank you very much sir.--Rajasekhar1961 (talk) 06:08, 23 April 2017 (UTC)

"Indic" vs. "Indo-Aryan"

Hey, thanks for all your work on IIr; it's long needed. Could I ask, though, that you use the language family "Indo-Aryan" instead of "Indic"? Our recognized family is "Indo-Aryan" and protolanguage, "Proto-Indo-Aryan'. Thanks! —JohnC5 01:47, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

They may be out of sheer laziness rather than preference :) Will do. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:50, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

Thanks so much! —JohnC5 01:59, 24 April 2017 (UTC)

The Indo-Iranian Substratum by Alexander Lubotsky

I can't send the link, but if you google it you'll find the paper. I read it through, and it makes some very interesting claims about Sanskrit, Proto Indo-Aryan, Proto Iranian, and Proto Indo-Iranian. This is much more your element and interest than mine, so I figured I'd share it with you. I can't make any judgement on the statement of irregular sound changes, structure, morphology, etc. Have fun! DerekWinters (talk) 01:10, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

Oh I've read this paper before, but not very thoroughly. Thanks for reminding me about it! I'll read it tomorrow, Lubotsky's work is always interesting. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:12, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

Oh good! Yeah its rather interesting and honestly I'm kind of skeptical regarding the breadth of words it's claiming that aren't inherited. DerekWinters (talk) 01:21, 27 April 2017 (UTC)

Proto-Indo-Iranian for hare

I am horrible at reconstructing words but since Sanskrit & Pashto cognates were available, I made an attempt to reconstruct the Indo-Iranian ancestor of शश (śaśa) as *ĉašás. I've just kept in mind the sound-changes from PIE to PII. Can you check if it's correct & correct it if wrong? Thanks! माधवपंडित (talk) 15:43, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

The PII reconstruction looks great. The PIE I'm not sure about though; the *k should be *ḱ if the IIR is *ĉ (which I'm sure it is), and modern PIE reconstruction have no *a, only *eH or *oH. @JohnC5 do you have any idea about PIE for शश (śaśa)? —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 15:49, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

@माधवपंडित I found a possible Middle Persian cognate, shwk' (sahōg)? —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 15:58, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

Glad to know since I did not reconstruct *kas which even I am sure is wrong :D. I would make a wild guess of something like *ḱeHsós...

@माधवपंडित I found *ḱh₂s-én- as the source for hare, so I don't think your guess is far off. I still am not sure about the second श (śa) in the Sanskrit. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 16:03, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora You are right, the second श confused me as well. Could it be possible that the first syllable influenced the second? Another interesting thing to note is that the PIE root is originally said to have meant simply "grey" and yet the word evolved on to mean "hare" in too many languages independent of each other even outside Indo-Iranian like Old Prussian sasnis, Welsh ceinach and even English hare. It's too much of a co-incidence that all these languages developed the word for hare from the same root independently. माधवपंडित (talk) 16:13, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

shwk' (sahōg) is interesting since there's a Sanskrit synonym शशक (śaśaka) which looks like an equivalent. माधवपंडित (talk) 16:13, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

भस्त्रा is a feminine noun

You have edited the etymology of the Hindi word भाथी (bhāthī) as descended from "भस्त्री" which you say is the feminine of भस्त्रा. However, भस्त्रा (bhastrā) is itself a feminine noun, (look at its ā ending). Check if it's correct & thanks!!! 2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4 14:27, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

@2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4: Thanks for catching that, they are indeed both feminine. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 15:17, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: Does भाथी (bhāthī) have to come from भस्त्री? spokensanskrit.de does not even have an entry for it, so is it even a word? Why can't we put भस्त्रा (bhastrā) as the noun that gave rise to भाथी (bhāthī)?

@2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4: I don't like spokensanskrit.de because it's missing a lot of words, isn't very comprehensive, and is full of computer-related neologisms that I doubt are used at all in neo-Sanskrit. Monier Williams' Sanskrit Dictionary has it as a synonym of भस्त्रा (bhastrā), and the Hindi Shabdasagara lists Sanskrit भस्त्री (bhastrī) as the source. Note that Hindi भाथा (bhāthā) also exists. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 15:37, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

Devanagari for Prakrits?

Is there a reason you're making Devanagari entries at all, and especially making them the main entries for the prakrits? Sanskrit was a special case because of the quantity of scripts it was written in. The prakrits are quite simple, it was only ever Brahmi. DerekWinters (talk) 19:48, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Every Prakrit grammar and description I've seen uses Devanagari (although you might argue Brahmi would be too difficult to typeset in the 20th century). Th eother main reason is ease of access; if somebody wants to look up a Prakrit word, they won't look up the Brahmi, they'll look up the Sanskrit. I suppose in this case something like {{pi-alt}} would be good. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:08, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: forgot to ping —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:09, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Then shouldn't the Brahmi be the main entry, and those be Devanagarizations or something of the main entry? DerekWinters (talk) 20:15, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Anybody who learns or studies Prakrit today invariably uses the Devanagari script or the Latin script (often both), but never the Brahmi script. Brahmi is a dead script, and so nobody (or very few people) learns it or is able to type in it reliably. Since we're an online dictionary, it hardly makes sense for use to make the reader deal with redirects or a weird script they don't know; it should just work. For the same reason we keep Pali at the Latin script form (it's the most used), we should keep Prakrit at the Devanagari form. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:26, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

But again with Pali, there have been multiple genuine scripts used over the centuries. The Prakrits really only had one. We don't represent cuneiform in Latin, and we certainly should have the Devanagari forms as a soft redirect. DerekWinters (talk) 20:29, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Even hieroglyphics are the preferred script for Egyptian entries as of late. DerekWinters (talk) 20:34, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: I don't know, I agree Brahmi was undoubtedly the Prakrit script, but since so much literature exists in Devanagari and Latin, it would be more convenient to have all the information at the Devanagari or even Latin form. Brahmi is just such a pain to work with; browsers don't render the matras well and typing is difficult. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:43, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

We can always have a one-to-one Devanagari to Brahmi converter. DerekWinters (talk) 20:47, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: I agree, that's necessary. Having looked on the internet though, I see that Prakrit wasn't exclusively Devanagari. [1] [2] [3] Most of the Jain texts (I think they're in Ardhamagadhi?) are in Devanagari. They date to the 4th century BC. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:52, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Oh wow, that's super cool. But wouldn't you say those are reproductions of the original text? Also, they each state that they are from the 1500s, 900s and onwards, and 1400s, respectively. DerekWinters (talk) 20:57, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Oh it appears I misread the caption. They are reproductions of 4th century BC texts (which I assume were in Brahmi), you're right. But at least it's evident that Brahmi was not exclusively the Prakrit script. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:01, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

I mean, that's not a very strong argument though. Countless times I've seen Gujarati news articles that quote Hindi, or even just produce Hindi statements, in the Gujarati script. I would say that Brahmi is only true script. DerekWinters (talk) 22:48, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

Okay, then let's do Bhrami then. I'd bet someone has a bot that can move the entries. If we have to, we can move them by hand, because there's so few. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:57, 11 May 2017 (UTC)

In a bit I can make a Brahmi to Devanagari correspondence, and I can ask one of our bot-makers to help us out. DerekWinters (talk) 00:02, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Hindi red links

Hi,

You mentioned you're after Hindi red links. Here's Hindi red links galore (many are SoP, you can also correct translations by splitting multiword translations): User:Matthias Buchmeier/en-hi-a, just replace the last English letter in the link (b, c, etc. to see more. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 10:45, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: Thanks! I'll get right to it. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 12:16, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

In my opinion, you should aim for filling the most frequent, everyday words first. In the past I used Rupert Snell's series of books to learn basics of Hindi - "Teach Yourself Beginners Hindi", "Teach Yourself Hindi" and Hindi Dictionary. Unlike some other "Teach Yourself" series, the books are full of real live examples, excellent dialogues and important vocabulary. That's when I added a lot of Hindi translations into English entries but many of them are red linked. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 12:25, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: WT:Frequency lists/Hindi 1900 I've been going through this, and I got some NCERT (Indian educational system) Hindi textbooks to go through as well. I'll look at those and hopefully find an online copy. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:07, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

porcelain

The Hindi translation here looks wrong. Also, the entry कौड़ी (kauṛī) needs to be created. (I noticed both of these because of kauri.) —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 05:46, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge:  Done —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:25, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge: चीनी मिट्टी (cīnī miṭṭī) and चीनी मिट्टी के बरतन (cīnī miṭṭī ke bartan) are also correct in the sense "porcelain" but a bit too long. They do appear (with a hyphen - "चीनी-मिट्टी") in Oxford English-Hindi Dictionary by S.K. Verma and R.N. Sahai on page 511. It doesn't seem to be digitised. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 14:39, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: चीनी मिट्टी (cīnī miṭṭī) literally means "porcelain dirt", i.e. kaolinite. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 15:57, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

Maybe but I possess that dictionary and the definition is "porcelain". Dictionaries can be wrong too, so I won't insist on changing anything. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 16:03, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: I'm going off of the Oxford Hindi-English dictionary, which says "porcelain clay" on page 321... Weird that the same publisher has different definitions. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 16:23, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

• Thanks. This does leave me a bit confused about whence Swahili got the porcelain sense... —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 19:05, 13 May 2017 (UTC)

S endings for reconstructed words

Hi, I noticed that many PII & PIE words end in -s-. *čákšus and *ĉasás both end in s but it isn't there in the descendants. I wonder why the s in put up in PII and PIE reconstructions. 2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4 14:05, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

@2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4: *-s is the nominative singular ending for a-stem masculine nouns. This was preserved as -स् (-s) in Vedic Sanskrit, became -ः (-ḥ) in Classical Sanskrit, in the Prakrits, and was lost in most of the New Indic languages. In Avestan it became 𐬊 (o). The reason it isn't in the descendants is that we use the stem-form in Avestan, Sanskrit, and Old Persian since most dictionaries follow that standard. Proto-languages generally use the nominative singular on the other hand. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 14:17, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

On a related note, what were you attempting to do with *čákšus and Old Persian? —JohnC5 15:24, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

@JohnC5: It's kind of funny, I was trying to get MOD:typing-aids/data/peo to do the cuneiform but it would fail horribly. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 16:10, 16 May 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: Several things:
1) Thanks for your information. I never knew why many PIE roots ended in an -s- if their descended words did not have it.
2) It is interesting that the Sanskrit अः ending comes from Vedic -स्. Now I wonder were any other cases also different in Vedic? If yes, then I think we should have two declension tables (one for Vedic and the other for Classical) for Sanskrit entries like we have two pronunciation slots.
3) This is slightly off-topic but where do you find Avestan & Old Persian words & possible cognates? For instance you unearthed Middle Persian sahōg, from where? 2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4 09:42, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

@2405:204:9487:1FF7:0:0:F5E:20A4: For (2) Grammar of the Vedic language is a good jumping-off point, but to be honest I don't know much about Vedic Sanskrit. Oh boy, for (3) I have a bunch of sources. I'll make a list at User:Aryamanarora/refs, because there's a lot. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 12:21, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

Sauraseni Apabhramsha

Hey! So I've seen the term a few times, but what time-frame would you give for it, and what would you say is its relation to Gurjar Apabhramsha (as described by Hemachandra)? I'm rather confused on the matter. DerekWinters (talk) 20:49, 21 May 2017 (UTC) And also, wouldn't Sauraseni Prakrit have split by then into various apabhramshas? DerekWinters (talk) 20:50, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: I was just getting to that, I've added Gurjar Apabhramsa. You are right, Sauraseni did split by then. Sauraseni Apabhramsa was probably centered in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, probably at the same time that Hemchandra was describing Gurjar Apabhramsa. A really comprehensive book on the topic is [4]. —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:58, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

Also, do you know what ẏ is in Bhrami transliteration? Is it a glide i or something? —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:59, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

I have to say that is one sexy etymtree. Although, Hemachandra wrote using Devanagari (as I understand it). Also thank you for the book! I haven't read that far into it.

It was described as a weak y caused by the elision of consonants (like k, t, etc.) between two vowels. I know it featured in the eastern Prakrits more, but other than that I have no knowledge of it. Considering that the y disappeared from most eastern languages until the early NIA period, I think it doesn't have much effect on phonology. DerekWinters (talk) 21:03, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

lol, yeah I've been trying to increase coverage of Prakrit. Thanks for the help! —Aryamanarora ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:13, 21 May 2017 (UTC)

Thank you

I am not new to Wiktionary but new to editing. I have a great interest in Hindi, Urdu and Sanskrit.

Thank you for letting me know the procedure for that. I feel that Wiktionary should add more etymology for Indo Iranian languages.

Again Thank you for your help. Will take care of that. Ajmalbrains (talk) 15:51, 14 July 2017 (UTC)

@Ajmalbrains: Great to see an editor with interest in Indic languages! The first thing to read is WT:ELE which covers formatting. WT:About Hindi and WT:About Urdu and WT:About Sanskrit will help for language-specific information. Finally, you will need to add a {{Babel}} to your user page, so people know which languages you can contribute in. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:26, 14 July 2017 (UTC)

Laryngeals in Proto-Indo-Aryan

Some of our PIA reconstructions include laryngeals, but I really have my doubts whether they still existed that late in the development of the language. PIA is very close to Vedic Sanskrit, probably barely separable from it in form and no more than a few centuries older at most. Vedic certainly didn't have any laryngeals! —CodeCat 17:25, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

@CodeCat: Vedic had hiatus in some words that have been reconstructed with laryngeals in PIE. Read Reflexes of intervocalic laryngeals in Sanskrit by Lubotsky for more, basically in Vedic poetry *-aHV could be scanned as one or two syllables to fit with the meter, with *H probably realized as a glottal stop. Also note that in Middle Indo-Aryan *VHC was realized as VCC instead of Sanskrit V̄C; the laryngeals had to have been there in PIA for this to happen. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:34, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

Does this VCC contrast with V̄C of non-laryngeal origin? What about word-initial laryngeals? —CodeCat 17:44, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

@CodeCat: Fortson covers this briefly in §§10.36-37 on page 189 of the first edition. —JohnC5 18:01, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

Thank you. I haven't found anything about the Middle Indic VCC reflex yet, do you have anything on that? —CodeCat 18:40, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

You are right it seems, all *V̄C/VHC become VCC in Middle Indo-Aryan, while in *VC the consonant is lost. [5] The laryngeal has no effect. Nevertheless, Vedic hiatus is enough evidence for a laryngeal in PIA. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 19:37, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

I wouldn't call it a laryngeal, it's probably not even a consonant but just a marker to split the syllable, basically a lexical diaeresis. It appears that laryngeals in a VCHV sequence also cause the consonant to be placed in the preceding syllable, which becomes metrically heavy (e.g. जन (jana) = jan-a rather than ja-na). It therefore appears that whatever remained of laryngeals was just some effect on syllabification, and not any real consonant. I therefore propose to mark these instances with ', which simply means "start of syllable".

Also, can you put WT:AINC on your watchlist? I posted something on the talk page for you. —CodeCat 19:48, 22 July 2017 (UTC)

Languages needing autotranslit

I see that Bhojpuri, Konkani, Old Gujarati, and Old Marathi (among others) lack autotranslit. Is this intentional due to unpredictability/poor resources, or is this something that should be dealt with? —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 21:22, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge: Bhojpuri can use MOD:hi-translit, and Old Gujarati and Old Marathi can use MOD:sa-translit. Konkani is better off with manual translit, since the Devanagari script does not differentiate some phonemes e.g. a/ô, j/z, l/lh, n/nh. @माधवपंडित knows much more than me about Konkani, being a native speaker. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:29, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

 Done (except Konkani). —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 21:40, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge Old Gujarati should not use the Sanskrit module please. I've been lazy in making a module but I'll make one soon. Similarly, Old Marathi has nasalization that the Sanskrit module will not deal with. Bhojpuri users the avagraha in ways that I don't fully understand, and that the Hindi module does not capture at the moment. DerekWinters (talk) 21:47, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Are Old Marathi and Old Gujarati really that different from Sanskrit? Even Sanskrit assimilated the anusvara, MOD:sa-translit just doesn't show it (probably because IAST doesn't). I never knew about Bhojpuri handling the avagraha different than Hindi (a vowel lengthener)... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:52, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

From bh:w:अवग्रह: "एकर प्रयोग कहीं कहीं भोजपुरी में भी पावल गईल बा। जइसे- बनारस कऽ घाट पर बइठल रहलीं।" "This [symbol] is also sometimes used in Bhojpuri, e.g. ― [example sentence]" Wouldn't "कऽ" just be pronounced "kəː"? —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:05, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

"avagraha"+bhojpuri&source=bl&ots=44p_Uo9yKP&sig=fNgTnUlO2x9myby2uWSwSkqK7qE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-s52o96LVAhXBrD4KHYU4D9kQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q=%22avagraha%22%20bhojpuri&f=false Okay, it seems it's actually pronounced "ô". I'll make MOD:bho-translit. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:10, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters Please add Assamese to your to-do list, guys. The simplest method will do, like the one for Nepali, which doesn't consider shwa-dropping. Getting all combinations right is challenging enough.--Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 22:01, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

I'll add Assamese. And if the Sanskrit module can represent nasalization properly then I think it should be fine for Old Gujarati and Marathi, but it should be shown differently.

1

and 2. I always assumed it was some form of canceling the schwa deletion, but I have no real understanding of it. The devanagari page on Wikipedia has some stuff about the avagraha in Bhojpuri and Awadhi. DerekWinters (talk) 23:22, 24 July 2017 (UTC)

Grassmann's law

Do we suppose the Grassmann's law to be an innovation of PII, Proto-Indo-Aryan or Sanskrit?
On one hand, Wiki says PII. But then we have entries like *bʰaHĵʰúš (and others) with two aspirated consonants. It's difficult to confirm if the aspiration existed in PII because the Iranic descendants drop it in any case, Grassmann or no Grassmann.
On the other hand, I have a reason to believe that this law applies exclusively to Sanskrit (not even all of Indo-Aryan) because the Middle Indo-Aryan descendants of Sanskrit दुहितृ (duhitṛ) (from *dʰugh₂tḗr) seem to retain the aspirated initial consonant (Old Marathi धुवा (dhuvā), Pali dhītar, Punjabi ਧੀ (dhī), Hindi धिया (dhiyā) etc). Another example would be Konkani भेड्डो (bhêḍḍô) from Sanskrit बधिर (badhira) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰHros. In this case we might want to move *bábʰrus to *bʰábʰruš and change the PIA descendants in several PII entries. Also @JohnC5. Madhav P. (talk) 08:50, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

@माधवपंडित: Grassmann's law almost definitely applies in Sanskrit or PIA, not PII (Lubotsky reconstructs PII *bʰábʰru-). Could the medial u not be dropped in the reflexes? As for badhira, MIA languages developed medial aspirates into /h/, so an outcome badhira > bahi(r)a > bhi(r)a is not so improbable. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 14:22, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

Do you happen to know the evidence for this? I don't know it off the top of my head. —JohnC5 14:31, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

For Grassmann's law see Another attempt at a chronology for Grassmann’s Law in Greek. For Prakrit medial aspirates both {{R:inc:Pischel}} and {{R:inc:Woolner}} agree. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 14:39, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

Middle Indo-Aryan does indeed turned medial aspirates of Old Indo-Aryan to /h/ as also seen in Sanskrit वधू (vadhū) > Hindi बहू (bahū), Sanskrit मुख (mukha) > Hindi मूँह (mū̃h) etc. Madhav P. (talk) 14:44, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

There may be unattested forms like *भधिर (bhadhira), *धुहितृ (dhuhitṛ), and *भभ्रु (bhabhru) that existed in the local dialects alongside the standard Sanskrit, which may have given rise to the current forms.

Also, separately, North India has always had the very interesting tendency of aligning is vocabulary across the subcontinent, in the NIA period and the Prakrit period, but likely also in the proto-Prakrit period, which may have led to the many of the descendants of *dʰugh₂tḗr having an aspirated d, despite their geographic distance. DerekWinters (talk) 15:32, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: True, and those Old IA dialects with aspirated initial consonants would point to a PIA unaffected by the Grassmann's law & leave only Skt. to which the law could be applied. Also there is the fact that Pāṇini was aware of the Grassmann's law. The only way he could know of this (other than the possibility that he knew of PII & PIE which is unlikely) is thru reduplication of stems to form verbs wherein the first one loses the aspiration (c.f. जुहोति (juhoti)) OR by comparing the Sanskrit he'd standardized to other unwritten IA dialects which were quite close. Anyway, Aryamanarora's explanation is quite plausible with the consonant & the /h/ merging to give aspiration. We may never know the true forms of Middle IA descendants because like you pointed out the MIA & the New IA languages influence each other a lot. ɱɑɗɦɑѵ (talk) 07:47, 30 July 2017 (UTC)

Let's not forget that Classical Sanskrit wasn't made in a day. Panini was the last of a long line of grammarians whose work we know little of today because the Ashtadhyayi superseded all previous work. Likely by Panini's time (c. 500 BCE) the Old Indo-Aryan dialects were extinct, and Sanskrit was already standardized. Note that the Ashokan Edicts written in an early Prakrit are dated to c. 300 BCE, so Middle Indo-Aryan must have been adopted as the vernacular language by Panini's time. I seriously doubt Panini likes at other Old Indo-Aryan dialects, let alone Iranian or other Old Indo-European languages. Rather he codified what was already the norm in Sanskrit writing. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 09:56, 30 July 2017 (UTC)

Hindi Idioms and Phrases

Hey. If you're looking for idioms and phrases and stuff, check out rekhta. It's absolutely fantastic. For example पानी or the combining form पन is everything any Hindi-lover could ever want. DerekWinters (talk) 02:16, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

Although, check some of the spellings in more modern dictionaries, the spellings they use are sometimes a bit more antiquated (great for alternative forms!). DerekWinters (talk) 02:19, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Wow, that's amazing! Thanks for the resource, combined with the Shabdsagar I'll be adding a lot of idioms soon. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 03:05, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

It's absolutely fantastic, I can spend hours on the site (especially because of its load-times). DerekWinters (talk) 03:07, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

Urdu Tatsamas

The term Urdu tatsama is kind of an oxymoron given that tatsamas are one of the important things that differentiate Hindi from Urdu. I believe you agree with me that there is no difference between Hindi and Urdu per se; only there are persian & arabic loanwords in Urdu & there are Sanskrit tatsamas in Hindi. But a lot of entries for formal Hindi words which are borrowed from Sanskrit (I could list these all day) have Urdu spellings and these "Urdu" words even have their own entries! For example, do we really believe that रवि & पितृ are Urdu words? Does Urdu attest these words? These are only two random examples out of the tons of dubious info out there on this project. Now surely I alone cannot just go on erasing all the Urdu entries. But can we really let Urdu tatsamas remain and mislead people? They surely are not a part of the Urdu vocabulary! (The entry پرش provides a few more examples: apparently परुष, परशु & पुरुष are Urdu words as well.) -- ɱɑɗɦɑѵ (talk) 14:44, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

First of all, I can't read Urdu, like, at all. I think Hindi is more relaxed with Perso-Arabic loans, so it's totally fine, sometimes even preferred, to use ख़रगोश, हक़ीक़त, इत्तिफ़ाक़, etc. over Sanskrit loans, especially in speech. I agree with you that at least in modern Urdu Sanskrit tatsamas are rare. But maybe there was a time when पितृ could be used in Urdu? Platts lists it in his dictionary. That said, we should mark them (obsolete). I wish we had Urdu contributors who could help with this. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:58, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

@माधवपंडित Urdu does have Sanskrit loanwords, even though on a smaller scale than Hindi. Please don't go removing Urdu entries without sending them to RFD or RFV first. [6] are dictionary examples of پرش (paruš). And it seems attestable. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 07:56, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: Platts is a really outdated dictionary, and seems to have a penchant for listing as many synonyms as possible. I don't ever use it. پرش is attestable, but I think it's a Persian word meaning "jump" or something like that. I doubt Urdu actually ever had any common Sanskrit borrowings. Urdu's superstrate has always been Persian (and Arabic), and Partition only reinforced its Persianate vocabulary. Again, I'd like to learn about this from an Urdu native speaker. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 08:13, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

It's OK but I used some simple tricks to make sure I searched only in Urdu texts in Google books, not Persian and I saw some religious texts in the Google hits. BTW, Arabic-based scripts are not hard, especially Urdu spellings if you know or suspect the pronunciation from their Hindi cognates. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 08:22, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: Some of these entries have been around for 10+ years & although they may have been created by the (erroneous) reasoning that since both Urdu & Hindi are two registers of Hindustani, any word existing in Hindi must exist in Urdu, I understand that it's not in the scope of my authority to remove these entries. I only want more discussion on this subject so a conclusion may be arrived at. My argument is that the thing that makes Urdu what it is is the absence of literary Skt borrowings and more Arabic & Persian borrowings. Colloquial words ultimately from Sanskrit will definitely be present, & we need a native Urdu speaker to confirm if the Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit that this project contains actually exist. My guess would be that Urdu does not attest these terms. ɱɑɗɦɑѵ (talk) 08:41, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

@माधवपंडित Aryaman is right, we don't have active Urdu speakers but WT:TR is a place for discussion of words, WT:RFV for verifications and WT:RFD is a page for deletion requests. The process requires serious verifications and you'll be surprised to find that people are able to verify words even for languages they don't speak. If there's no consensus to delete in RFD, words will be kept but if nobody verifies a word in RFV, they may be deleted. You might want to choose what you want to do next. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 08:51, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

New Entries

Hi! I have a request from user Nizil Shah asking how to make entries quickly without bothering with the templates and everything that en.wiktionary uses. I just do the good old copy and paste from another entry, and change up the information, but I know you do stuff like Ajax and other things. Can you tell me what that is, or just ping Nizil Shah from my talk page to tell him what to do? DerekWinters (talk) 19:33, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters, Nizil Shah: I've made myself Module:hi and Module:pa as backends for {{hi-new}} and {{pa-new}}, which are entry creation templates. I can make a {{gu-new}} and write some documentation for it if he would like. The ajax gadget is for speeding up editing already existent entries. It can be added by adding the line importScript('User:Dixtosa/AjaxEdit.js'); to User:Nizil Shah/common.js. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 03:01, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

Thank you @DerekWinters for suggesting. @Aryamanarora, please create that entry creation template so we can work fast and easy. I hardly understand any technical things but will be happy to have an easy editing template. Thank you.--Nizil Shah (talk) 06:28, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

@Nizil Shah: It's been done, see {{gu-new}}. It cannot handle declension or conjugation yet, since I know nothing about Gujarati grammar. Please feel free to ask if you have any problems/want me to add something to it. Thanks for the Gujarati contributions! —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 07:30, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

Sanskrit कुञ्चिका (kuñcikā) and Persian کنجد (konjed).

Hey, I came across a huge amount of words in various languages deriving from this (Khotanese, Pashto, Armenian, Georgian, Tokharian, Turkic, Russian, Mongolian, ...) and I figured it would be nice to have a single page to list all the descendants, but I can't decide on listing Sanskrit (attested in Chanakya) or Proto-Iranian (most non-IA cognates seem to be borrowed from Iranic), on one hand, we probably can't project it all the way back to proto-Iranian, on the other, there's no reason to suppose that Iranian cognates come from Sanskrit (I can't even find a Pali attestation). Your thoughts? Crom daba (talk) 23:19, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

@Crom daba: I don't think the two terms are related. Everything besides Chinese and maybe Tocharian is from Middle Iranian. See [7] —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:40, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

Mayrhofer has both Sanskrit and Persian under the same heading, they seem like reasonable cognates to me. I also don't like the idea of deriving all of these from MP, Baluchi [script needed] (kunchitha) for example preserves the voicelessness which was lost in MP, some Turkic cognates are also probably deriving from Khotanese, Tokharian.

I'm not familiar with the Chinese word, what is it? Crom daba (talk) 09:59, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

@Crom daba: I meant Proto-Middle Iranian, the common ancestor of the Middle Iranian languages. Since there is no Avestan or Old Persian cognate, it's difficult to reconstruct Proto-Indo-Iranian, but Proto-Iranian *kuncit is not too speculative, but my Proto-Iranian knowledge is limited (perhaps @Vahagn Petrosyan can help) I'm not comfortable with the Sanskrit term because the final -kā is not seen in Iranian. For Chinese see [8]. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:59, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

Ah, didn't know a single ancestor is reconstructed for Middle Iranian, there's also Sanskrit कुञ्ची (kuñcī, “cummin”), but it's older than कुञ्चिका. I'll go ahead and make the Proto-Iranian then. Thanks for the Chinese reference. Crom daba (talk) 12:23, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

कोई बात नहीं

Is this not a complete sentence? —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 17:08, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

@Koavf: Aren't नहीं (nahī̃, “no”), क्या (kyā, “what”), तो (to, “so”), अभी (abhī, “now”) also complete sentences? The category is totally useless, it's just Cat:Hindi phrases. Note that आर्यमन (āryaman, “Aryaman, my name”) is a complete sentence too, as in "What is your name? Aryaman." —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:17, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

Okay but there is an entire scheme of sentences by language. Why delete just Hindi? —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 17:47, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

Category:Sentences by language. If you think it should be deleted, by all means suggest it. I don't have strong feelings either way. But there's no purpose in emptying just one language and leaving the rest of them existing. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 17:49, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

@Koavf: All those other subcategories are pageless (except the English). BTW you're the one who made the Hindi category, it was empty before. I'm not emptying it, I'm retaining the status quo. I don't really edit in any of the other languages, nor do I have the inclination to start any discussion in the BP right now. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:56, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

if you weren't inclined either way, why did you add the category at all? All you've done is place a burden on active Hindi editors either to get it deleted or argue with you or add entries to it. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:58, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

Why would there only be a scheme like this for one language? It was incomplete and I'm trying to make it more complete. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 18:26, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

And they are not empty--not sure what you're looking at here. E.g. Category:Greek dismissals or Category:Portuguese sentences. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 18:27, 11 August 2017 (UTC)

wrong spelling

hey thank u 4 ur kind help. now i need to tell u that @ ਕਾਗ਼ਜ਼ the Shahmukhi spelling was incorrect; u put کاغز instead of correct کاغذ‏ 61.69.208.200 08:17, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

@61.69.208.200: Thanks for fixing that. I don't really add Shahmukhi anymore because I can't really read or write in the Urdu script. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:46, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

@61.69.208.200 You've put in some decent contributions! I think you should consider creating an account. You'll have a bunch of fun. There's a shortage of editors in almost all Indian languages here. 😊 -- ɱɑɗɦɑѵ (talk) 15:51, 14 August 2017 (UTC)

@माधवपंडित: I think we had some false hope... The IP geolocates to Australia, so it was probably a sock of User:Awesomemeeos, who was blocked a while back for editing in languages he didn't know. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 19:38, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

Yep. Any time you see someone appear out of nowhere and immediately rewrite all the declension templates, you have to wonder what's going on... It's like a highly-skilled driver who can make the car do anything they want- but they don't bother looking for pedestrians or small animals, even after you point out the bleeding corpse on their front grille... Chuck Entz (talk) 21:16, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

@Chuck Entz: Argh, I was hoping the IP actually knew Punjabi... oh well, it's good that somebody fixed the declension templates at least. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:30, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

I'm sure they had some sort of source. Their MO is to start with good sources, learn as much as they can, then proceed at full speed as if they've mastered everything, with guesswork filling in what they can't find in their sources. The real nasty part of this is that most of their work is fine, but the part that isn't is the part that no one has the resources to check.

At any rate, their low-level swapping of templates is usually beneficial, so it's tempting to just let them go. The problem is that they can rapidly switch to high-risk mode without warning, and things get out of hand.

The first couple of languages they were working on had someone who could keep track of them and didn't mind having someone clean things up. Then things went south in real life for me, so I lost track of what they were up to. Next thing I knew, they were trying to set up declension templates for Lithuanian, which has a pitch-accent system inherited from PIE (there's a lot that would look familiar based on your knowledge of Sanskrit), but the details have changed a lot due to effects of post-PIE sound changes, among other things. In order to explain the accent pattern of a given word, you have to know its history, in addition to its present phonological characteristics. AwesomeMeeos doesn't know nor care about the former, so they quickly got in over their head- not unusual- and realized it- a first, I think.

Now I have to go back and look for their other socks so people know what they're dealing with. Chuck Entz (talk) 00:36, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

pykar

Any idea about the etymology here? DTLHS (talk) 21:56, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

I know of the word दलाल (dalāl, “broker”) (which is mentioned in quote 2, and still in use), not sure about "pykar" off the top of my head. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:04, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

@DTLHS I think the term पैकार (paikār) is what we're looking for. It's a kind of merchant. DerekWinters (talk) 22:16, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

Thanks! —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:19, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

Perhaps (also/more likely to be) from Bengali পাইকার (paikar)? Two of the quotes are referring to haberdashers from Bengal, the other quote not certain. Wyang (talk) 22:38, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

That one might be more likely tbh, considering that पै is pronounced pɛ. My Gujarati dictionary days they're both from a Persian term, but پیکار apparently translates to fight. DerekWinters (talk) 22:44, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

hi:पैकार gives the sense "युद्ध । लड़ाई ।" as well. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:07, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: As one moves east (i.e. to Bengal) "ai" is more likely to be a diphthong. My Hindi dictionary (that I forgot was right in front of me) gives Persian "pā'ekār". —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:46, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

Perhaps پای كار (pāy-kār, “expert; a sub-revenue-collector; an attendant on a revenue-collector; a sweep”)? Wyang (talk) 23:01, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: Thanks! Yeah, it's undoubtedly that one. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:02, 15 August 2017 (UTC)

The Hindi to Gujarati dictionary on gujaratilexicon gives पैकार as a seller of small wares or a roadside vendor. DerekWinters (talk) 00:52, 16 August 2017 (UTC)

R-colored vowels

Here is a link to the latest chart from the official IPA website to support my assertion that superscripts are no longer the standard. You still see them in some major dictionaries like Collins, but often they have their own in-house systems and don't follow IPA. Pariah24 (talk) 04:17, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

@Pariah24: Sorry, seems I was mistaken. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:19, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

diff

Damn. You discovered it... one less now. Wyang (talk) 09:48, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: The weirdest one was उसको (usko) which is apparently a genitive in Nepali and a dative in Hindi... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:05, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

को (ko) is the general genitive in Nepali, and (from the entry) the marker of dative and accusative in Hindi. Perhaps the two usko are related on that level, with the link being the dative/accusative used to indicate possession: "to him is a sheep" = "he has a sheep". (Do not quote me! I haven't looked up the literature.) Wyang (talk) 11:15, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: I'm not entirely sure about the Hindi, but Nepali को (ko) is almost definitely related to Hindi का (kā). The etymology for NIA is really messy sometimes, I'll have to look into it later. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:25, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

Umm, looks like all of these may be ultimately related: [9], [10]. Interesting... Wyang (talk) 11:41, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: Yes, I agree they're all probably from Sanskrit कृ (kṛ, “to do”). E.g. the probable evolution of कृतः (kṛtaḥ) > ku(t)o > ko. Thanks for the links, the second one seems really interesting. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:57, 24 August 2017 (UTC)

Kashmiri

Hey man, saw some of your lemmas for Kashmiri. Do you speak it as a language? I am a native and willing to contribute to Wiki.

@103.240.236.22: Sadly no, I know very little about Kashmiri, I just try to add basic verifiable words for all Indian languages (which are in a horrible state here). It would be great if you contributed! You can read the welcome message for some information and feel free to ask me any questions. You don't need an account, but it's best to have one because IP addresses aren't always constant. For formatting, Kashmiri انسان seems like a good model entry. BTW, I've been wondering for a while, is Kashmiri in the Arabic script written with our without vowel marking? Most of the Kashmiri lemmas are are in Latin script and so they have to be moved to Devangari/Arabic script spellings. Thanks a lot for your comment! —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:13, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

Overkill

Hey Aryaman, I think the descendant tree hierarchy for the Dravidic borrowing on *Háĉšas might have been a bit of an overkill. =P To take a page from some of the other PIE branches, we generally only add hierarchy levels if there are more than one entry for that level and/or we can confidently and meaningfully reconstruct that level. --Victar (talk) 04:09, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

More to the point: you shouldn't include details that don't say something linguistically interesting about the distribution of descendents. The groupings you included could pass all of Victar's tests, but if the term is independently borrowed into both languages, the groupings are just filler. Chuck Entz (talk) 06:47, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

@Victar, Chuck Entz: There are supposedly more than just those two descendants, but I am not proficient enough in their scripts, and I'm not sure if the terms can be attested on the internet. Ty for the advice, I'll see if I can add more. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:35, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

I'm also guilty sometimes of wanting to hyper-categorize. It gets really messy with borrowing though. Like, did it really enter Proto-Dravidian, or some later period? Do we really have two independent borrowing within Dravidian, or was one borrowed from the other? --Victar (talk) 16:36, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

The source I used explicitly reconstructed Proto-Dravidian; I assume the Tamil word is attested in Old Tamil or something then, as proof to the age of the word. Like I said, there have to be more descendants, otherwise there would be no need for Proto-Dravidian. Btw, Telugu has no problem with directly transliterating Sanskrit अक्ष (akṣa), so the assimilation to accu is at least evidence for Proto-South-Dravidian. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 16:43, 3 September 2017 (UTC)

Just because the borrowing survived into modern Tamil, it doesn't mean it survived in Telugu and this isn't a re-borrowing. My point is, best to just keep the hierarchy of borrowings as simple as possible, to reduce the amount of assumptions. --Victar (talk) 00:39, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

I'm not sure I understand your first sentence. If Telugu did borrow from Sanskrit it would retain the क्ष (kṣa) consonant cluster. Anyways, my source was [11] and it does reference a Dravidian Etymological Dictionary that I so far cannot access online. But that can be done later, I'll keep the hierarchy simple as you said. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 00:59, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

PIA → Proto-Dravidian > Tamil → Telugu. --Victar (talk) 01:23, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

माकड (mākaḍ)

Hello Kutchkutch (talk) 19:20, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

Just out of curiosity, what is kutchkutch? कुछ कुछ (kuch kuch, “something”)? It reminds me of kus-pus in this video (e.g. 2:05) - खुस-फुस (khus-phus)? Wyang (talk) 22:40, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: कुछ-कुछ (kuch-kuch, “something (or other)”) probably. It's not खुस-फुस (khus-phus), but as long as you're looking at Bollywood stuff check out "Kuch Kuch Hota Hai" (कुछ कुछ होता है), it's a (now much reused) classic. I almost thought it was कच्छ (kacch) and we had a new Kutchi contributor... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:39, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

lol! Thanks for कुछ-कुछ (kuch-kuch) - please also take a look at कच्छ (kacch). Still wondering what the kus-pus in the video is... Wyang (talk) 23:48, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: np, done now... I should do my Chinese homework now. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 00:04, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

Haha, thanks! Wyang (talk) 00:05, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: Aryamanarora’s second guess was correct. ‘Kutchkutch’ is a reduplication of one way (Kutch)(perhaps the older way?) to transliterate कच्छ (kacch) in English, and is not कुछ-कुछ (kuch-kuch) even though it might seem that कुछ-कुछ (kuch-kuch) is more likely. (કચ્છ, ‘Kutch’, ‘Kacch’ or ‘Kachchh’ don’t appear to have Wiktionary entries yet) Kutchkutch (talk) 00:31, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

@KutchKutch: :O (do you actually know Kutchi then?) —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 00:45, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: I know little about Kutch or Kutchi other than the general info available on Wikipedia. The choice of username was random with no connection to anything that I know. Kutchkutch (talk) 01:27, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: It appears that there are currently 4 Kutchi words on Wiktionary at Category:Kachchi_lemmas with the કચ્છ entry created by you. Interesting to see Kutchi written in Gujarati script.

I continued the discussion माकड (mākaḍ) on my talk page. Thanks for your insight regarding that matter.

बंदर (bandar)

Is the indenting of a synonym with a link to Wiktionary:Semantic_relations the new style of showing synonyms?

Since the Turner source says

WPah.kṭg. bandər m. ʻ monkey ʼ (← H.?)

with the ← symbol meaning (is) a loanword from according to the Front Matter, I originally wrote

Perhaps a borrowing from the Western Pahari (Himachali) word bandər from Sanskrit वानर (vānara).

Perhaps you are more certain about its origin from Sauraseni Prakrit rather than Pahari. Out of curiosity do you know if there are there any Pahari entries on Wiktionary? Kutchkutch (talk) 22:09, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

@KutchKutch: You switched it; the Pahari is borrowed from Hindi. Hindi to my knowledge never borrows from the Pahari languages. The Prakrit is from the same entry. Pahari is not a language, it's a group of related languages that are similar. I have added some words in Garhwali. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:12, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

Ok, I see how I switched it now, and thanks for the additional information on Pahari languages. I was trying find a reason for why बंदर was different from वानर. Perhaps बंदर was the word that changed over time from Sanskrit to Hindi through Sauraseni Prakrit and वानर was a straight borrowing from Sanskrit?

@KutchKutch: Yep, that's exactly what happened. This is pretty common in Hindi: ऊँचा (ū̃cā)/उच्च (ucc), नींद (nīnd)/निद्रा (nidrā), खेत (khet)/क्षेत्र (kṣetra), even पहला (pahlā)/प्रथम (pratham). Mostly the Sanskrit borrowings have more technical or formal meanings (e.g. like क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “field of study, area of a discipline”) vs. खेत (khet, “field for farming”). —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:38, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: For the Sanskrit borrowings would it be better to use Template:bor over Template:der?

@KutchKutch: Yes, plus {{bor}} puts the entry into CAT:Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:09, 7 September 2017 (UTC)

CU vote

I wanted to wait until this closed to keep from prejudicing the discussion but I'm curious as to why or how your perception of bad judgement in terms of editing makes me unfit for CheckUser. Are you suggesting that I'd be unfit for investigating sockpuppetry? Please {{ping}} if you respond here. 18:30, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

@Koavf: Look, I'd rather somebody with more standing and knowledge in the community have such a privilege. Preferably someone who is already an admin. Plus you seem to edit in languages which you have no knowledge of... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:09, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

You weren't the only one to say as much re: previous adminship. Thanks for your feedback there and here. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 23:25, 8 September 2017 (UTC)

कहा and हो

These have been sitting in CAT:E for a while. They're the result of a module change that means you can't just say some thing is an {{inflection of|something}} without specifying which inflection they are. It should be pretty easy for someone who knows the grammar to fill in the blanks: one is Hindi, and the other is Nepali. Thanks! Chuck Entz (talk) 01:53, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

@Chuck Entz: Forgot to tell you, it's done. The Nepali inflection I added may be inaccurate though, @Wyang? —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:58, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

Thanks! It's good to keep the decks clear so new errors don't get lost. It's bad enough to have out-of-memory errors popping up due to some change in the linking and associated modules, without errors like these to add to the clutter. Chuck Entz (talk) 19:41, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

Checked ho. I don't agree that errors should be displayed with an empty invocation of {{inflection of}}. Such information should be generated by the template itself, based on the conjugation data in the target entries. Wyang (talk) 21:49, 9 September 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: Thanks! If only Wiktionary was a database... the current declension tables vary widely in structure depending on the language. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 00:35, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

Sylheti transliteration

Hi can you make MOD:syl-translit for Sylheti in Sylheti Nagari?

ꠀ, ꠣ = a
ꠁ, ꠤ = i
ꠃ, ꠥ = u
ꠄ, ꠦ = e
ꠅ, ꠧ = o
ꠅꠂ, ꠂ = oi
ꠅꠋ, ꠋ = ong, ng
ꠇ, ꠈ = xo
ꠇꠤ, ꠈꠤ = ki
ꠇꠥ, ꠈꠥ = ku
ꠁꠇ, ꠁꠈ = ik
ꠃꠇ, ꠃꠈ = uk
ꠇ꠆ꠇ, ꠈ꠆ꠈ = kko
ꠉ, ꠊ = go
ꠌ = so
ꠌ꠆ꠌ = cco
ꠌ꠆ꠍ = cco
ꠍ = so
ꠎ = zo
ꠎ꠆ꠎ = jjo
ꠏ = zo
ꠏ꠆ꠍ = jco
ꠐ, ꠑ = ṭo
ꠒ, ꠓ = ḍo
ꠔ, ꠕ = to
ꠖ, ꠗ = do
ꠘ = no
ꠙ, ꠚ = fo
ꠛ, ꠜ = bo
ꠝ = mo 
ꠞ = ro
ꠟ = lo
ꠠ = ṛo
ꠡ = śo
ꠢ = ho
꠆ = hośonto (virama) 
꠪, ꠫ = daṛi (fullstop) 

(Sylheti is a tonal language, and the difference between ô and o isn't clear.)

--- Sagir

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: Thanks for the info! Yeah, I'll get it done tonight. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 10:22, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: Thanks! It uses Eastern Nagari numerals.

— User:Sagir Ahmed Msa

@Aryamanarora: Hi, can you do it soon?

-- User:Sagir Ahmed Msa

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: Oh, I forgot to tell you, it's done: MOD:syl-translit. No schwa dropping yet, I'll add that when I'm on my computer. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:39, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Thanks, can you add a test page?

-- User:Sagir Ahmed Msa

@Aryamanarora: hi, i checked, it's not working. Words aren't being automatically transliterated.

-- Sagir Ahmed Msa

namaskar

[12]

@129.2.20.61: मैं कुछ नहीं समझा... मगर किताब तो अच्छी लग रही है, तो धन्यवाद। —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:26, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

Few Things

वडील (vaḍīl)

I noticed that through this edit you added an etymology for वडील (vaḍīl) adding that it comes from Sanskrit वड्र (vaḍra). This agrees with Turner, which says that it does come from Sanskrit वड्र (vaḍra):

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vaḍra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

However, the following two sources:

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वडील”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “वडील”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.

both say that वडील (vaḍīl) comes from Sanskrit वृद्ध (vṛddha).

Another similar example is: User:माधवपंडित created पोर (por) with the etymology Sanskrit पुत्रक (putraka, “little child”). Although Tulpule does say [Sk. putraka?]:

• Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “पोर”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.

The following says that पोर (por) comes from Sanskrit पोत (pota)

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pōḍa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

What is the best way to resolve such discrepancies in these cases and future cases? Say both etymologies are possible, or make a decision about which one is better and just put one?

‘Compare with’ vs ‘Cognate with’

In the etymology section, both appear. It seems that ‘Cognate with’ is used for close relatives while ‘Compare with’ is used for unrelated but similar words and more distant relatives (such as Indic and Persian). Is there definitely a difference between the two?

Quantity vs Quality

Is improving existing articles a higher priority than creating new articles? Or do they have equal priority?

Quotations and Example Sentences

Many of your new articles have quotations or example sentences. This is of course very common in traditional dictionaries to show the word being actually used, but many Wiktionary articles lack them. Is it best create your own sentence or find a sentence containing the word online? And are there certain kinds quotations or example sentences that better illustrate the word than others? Kutchkutch (talk) 01:00, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch:

Etymology

For वडील (vaḍīl) : I think Sanskrit वड्र (vaḍra) is the more likely etymology, since there is a simple Prakrit vaḍḍa which can serve as the root for vaḍīl. With वृद्ध (vŕddh), I suppose Prakrit vaddha is not too difficult, and often Prakrit makes dental consonants retroflex, but that leaves use with vaḍḍha which is aspirated...

For पोर (por) : Sanskrit पुत्रक (putraka) gives Prakrit puttaa which has no r at all. If you look closely, Turner puts the Marathi on the second line, under a reconstructed form पोतर (potara), which IMO is totally plausible. I prefer pota as the ultimate source, since intervocalic t will be lost in Prakrit.

Once you understand some simple sound changes in Prakrit (e.g. V₁CV₂ usually becomes V₁V₂, CC is always simplified and preserved, n becomes ṇ, all sibilants become s (except in Magadhi, there it's ś), etc., see this book for more) it is easier to tell which etymology is more likely. If multiple are possible, it's fine to list both; see Hindi तन (tan) for example, and Hindi होना (honā) for a really complicated etymology.

Cognates

In my mind, they are interchangeable. I usually prefer compare with to allow the reader to draw their own conclusions and to emphasize that etymology is an imperfect study. Cognate with is totally fine though, and may be preferred in some obvious etymologies. There is no difference in relation, I use compare with with Indo-Aryan cognates all the time.

Quantity/Quality

For Hindi, I'm trying to work on both right now (e.g. see होना (honā) for a very complete entry), but my main focus is quantity. However I think totally skeleton entries like diff should have some more info; I always like to add an etymology and derived terms, as well as declension and conjugation. I add example sentences if the word is simple.

For Marathi I think the focus should really be on quantity right now. Marathi has so many speakers, and less than 500 lemmas; even Bengali and Gujarati have near 2,000. Once it is above 1,000 quality is more important. However, simple words can be better quality, like असणे (asṇe) could have some usage examples. Of course, you don't need to anything, just do what you can. With time, many Marathi speakers will come as they have to Marathi Wikipedia.

Quotations/examples

I prefer adding usage examples that illustrate colloquial speech (but not total Hinglish). However, some Sanskritic words have more formal examples, like कारण (kāraṇ), उल्लेखनीय (ullekhnīya), etc. and Persian/Arabic borrowings have more use of Persian/Arabic words in examples. Quotations are less important right now, because they are a pain to find and translate, but I add a few from important works such as Sursagar, Tulsidas's bhajans, Ghalib, Premchand, etc. Marathi has a long literary tradition so it should be easier to find quotations from historical works, whereas Khadiboli literature only booms after 1800's. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:24, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

—Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:24, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

Wow, those were really thorough answers. Thanks. Kutchkutch (talk) 01:44, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

re: cognate vs. compare- technically speaking, a cognate is a term that is inherited from the same source that the term in question is inherited from. Not everything that looks related is a cognate: there may be borrowing somewhere in the ancestry of one or the other, or the resemblance might be a coincidence. When you aren't sure, you say "compare..." That means you think it might be related, somehow, but you're not saying how. "Compare" isn't, strictly speaking, wrong to use for cognates, but if you know a term is a cognate, why not say so? Chuck Entz (talk) 03:00, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

Adminship

Hi. Do you want to become an admin? --Canonicalization (talk) 11:19, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

@Canonicalization: Oh wow, I didn't think anyone would ask! I definitely would, if only to have access to MOD:languages/data2 :) —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:22, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: I was going to start the vote when I noticed this: "Cautionary note: It is often the case that those who are not nominated by currently active administrators do much less well. To avoid disappointment, avoid premature nominations and self-nominations, you will be nominated eventually!" I can go ahead if you wish, but I myself am not an admin. @JohnC5? --Barytonesis (talk) 12:31, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

@Barytonesis: That's fine, I'm not in any rush. There's good reason for such precaution, given Wonderfool once nominated his own sock puppet for admin ship once, and succeeded... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 12:51, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

Aryaman, you're certainly competent, and I'd support you. As someone who was nominated by WF in a guise, I wouldn't worry too much. If you wanted to ping some users now who you think would vote for you, that wouldn't technically count as canvassing but instead including them in the discussion. Isn't that right, @Metaknowledge? —JohnC5 23:15, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

Yeah, I think it would go fine, although it can't hurt for the nominator to be somebody better known in the community than Barytonesis. But do you actually want to be an admin? If you just want to be able to edit protected modules and whatnot, nominating you for template editor is far easier. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 23:37, 22 September 2017 (UTC)

As Meta points out, unless you have a lot of deleting, blocking, or patrolling you'd like to do, template editor is sufficient. —JohnC5 00:28, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Ahem, John, I reckon you could be doing more of that sort of thing yourself... —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 00:35, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

I delete pages and block anon's daily. I would've been a shame if someone hadn't noticed this little change yesterday. ;P —JohnC5 00:56, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

I know, I'm just ribbing on you for not bothering with stuff like RFVs much. I have now protected that module, by the way. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 01:02, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

@JohnC5, Metaknowledge: I do sometimes add {{speedy}} to spam pages and edit WT:VIP (not as much as I could though). I've noticed an uptick in vandalism on Indian language pages in the past year or so. Personally though, I think there is a serious lack of admins that have knowledge of New Indo-Aryan languages, so a lot of vandalism goes unnoticed on those pages (well, admin User:Dijan knows some Hindi-Urdu, but he's inactive). And we have a growing group of Indian-language editors too, and we need native speaker admins so we don't rely as much on other non-Indian-language admins for identifying vandalism quickly and being able to edit important modules (although template editor would be fine for that). —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 01:04, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

I'll admit that it would be nice to have someone patrolling Indo-Aryan generally. —JohnC5 04:11, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Sooo... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 09:42, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Get @Metaknowledge to do it. I hate making votes... :V —JohnC5 09:45, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Eh, he'll see this when he wakes up. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 10:08, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

I'd happily support or nominate you, Aryaman. Just let me know if I can be of help. Wyang (talk) 12:38, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

@Wyang: Thank you so much! It would be an honor if you nominated me. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:31, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

No worries! It's here: Wiktionary:Votes/sy-2017-09/User:Aryamanarora for admin. Please accept the nomination on the page. Wyang (talk) 13:44, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

Woo! Thanks so much! —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:47, 23 September 2017 (UTC)

By the Authority Vested In Me... uh... nevermind... Poof! you're an admin. Congratulations! Chuck Entz (talk) 04:48, 8 October 2017 (UTC)

Gujarati terms

Hello. Whereas I normally would be very excited to have a co-editor for Gujarati, I must ask you to refrain from adding any more entries until you gain a stronger grasp of the language. You've made errors in a significant number of your Gujarati entries, and because I plan on not being online for a while, I won't be able to correct any further major errors. Normally, what I do when I add in languages that I'm not comfortable with, I only add nouns, and only so long as I know that the language doesn't have nominal declension or if I know that the term is in the nominative singular. I also always avoid grammatical particles and verbs entirely. If you do continue to add to Gujarati, which I hope you will not abandon entirely, please also know that Gujaratilexicon is not a perfect dictionary. Many terms that are not in common usage at all, or that are considered misspellings in માનક ગુજરાતી are included as full entries in it, and so only familiarity with the language can help you avoid making spelling errors. Regardless, I do hope you continue to add entries, just in a more careful way. DerekWinters (talk) 21:38, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: You are right, I shouldn't have added so many entries without fully verifying each of them. Of course, Gujaratilexicon isn't perfect, it is just convenient, so perhaps I over-relied on it. I'll be more careful from now on (and add {{attention|gu}} to my entries). —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:46, 24 September 2017 (UTC)

No worries though! And I appreciate the additions! DerekWinters (talk) 22:21, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Thanks mate. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:23, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

Simple Hindi entries

Hi! Can you see if you can clean up a few of the entries in Category:Tbot entries (Hindi) and Category:Tbot entries (Sindhi)? There's 30+2 ATM...--Pickyevent (talk) 21:31, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

@Pickyevent: I can do Hindi, but I have no knowledge of Sindhi. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:23, 26 September 2017 (UTC)

ਧੋਣਾ

Why did you suppress the Proto-Indo-Aryan term here? —Rua (mew) 18:36, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

@Rua: I was just making Punjabi entries en masse, and I didn't notice that Sanskrit धावति (dhāvati) is attested. Thanks for catching that. Generally though, I suppress the term if I cannot find any Middle Indo-Aryan ancestors, because the Indo-Aryan habit of dropping most intervocalic consonants makes reconstruction difficult. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 19:49, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

Proto-Indo-Aryan is unattested as a whole, so I'm not sure why the attestation of Sanskrit is relevant? —Rua (mew) 20:12, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

@Rua: I knew Hindi धोना (dhonā) was a cognate, and I didn't know of any Sanskrit etymon (of the top of my head). So I just put {{inh|pa|inc-pro}}. Your message prompted me to check Turner's Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages (at [13]), where I found the attested Sanskrit etymon. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:46, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

If you don't know the word, but know that one must exist, just leave it blank. Only put in - if there is a really good reason not to have a term there. —Rua (mew) 20:48, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

@Rua: Okay, thanks for the help. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:08, 7 October 2017 (UTC)

Very smart

on your userpage you ponder if Hindi and Urdu are the same language. The sentence starts off in Hindi and gradually turns to urdu, is that intentional? lol

@2405:204:979a:d514::2273:50a0 lol, yes that's intentional... —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 14:19, 8 October 2017 (UTC)

Indic tenses

Hi can you help me with the tenses in Assamese? And which ones can be ignored.

• Main kartaa huun = moi koru
• Main kar rahaa huun = moi kori asu
• Maine kiyaa hai = moi korisu
• Maine kar liyaa = moi korilu
• Maine kiyaa thaa = moi korisilu
• Main kartaa thaa = moi korisilu
• Main kar raha thaa = moi kori asilu
• Main karunga = moi korim
• Main karta rahunga = moi kori thakim
• Main kar lunga = moi kori lom

-- Sagir

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: In order, those are:

present habitual/indicative

present continuous

present perfect

past (I think it is the same as मैंने किया)

past perfect

past habitual/indicative

past continuous

future

future progressive?

future (= मैं करूँगा)

—Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 13:38, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: you missed one, between present perfect and past continuous. --Sagir

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: Fixed. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 14:56, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

You don't need to use {{reply}} on the user's own talk page: they already get notified because it's an edit to their talk page. Not a big deal, though. Chuck Entz (talk) 14:28, 9 October 2017 (UTC)

Old Awadhi

Since we have the Ramcharitmaanas, the Hanuman Chalisa, other Tulsidas works, and potentially the Padmaavat, should we create Old Awadhi (maybe inc-oaw) for these major works? DerekWinters (talk) 18:18, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

In fact, with his other works, we might be able to give an Old Braj as well (maybe inc-obr). DerekWinters (talk) 18:22, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Is Old Awadhi considerably different from modern Awadhi? I feel like the differences are not enough to warrant a separate code (I have a similar feeling with Old Hindi as well). —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 18:57, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

1 This author (a native speaker) makes a distinction between Early and Modern Awadhi. But I haven't analyzed the two to see the differences myself. DerekWinters (talk) 19:23, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

However the Linguistic Survey of India states that the grammar is very little changed from the 16th century to the present day (1900 at the latest). DerekWinters (talk) 19:33, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Let's beef up the Awadhi content a bit and then we can decide if there is a large enough divergence to warrant a new code; I'm not against it in the long run. Btw, I have a pdf of that book somewhere on my hard drive. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:06, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

I just noticed Hindi finally hit 8000 lemmas! —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:29, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

That book also has some quotations from Nur Muhammad's works (I think Indraavati?). —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:32, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

Does Old Awadhi use the Kaithi script? Kaithi is supported by Unicode so देब (deb) is 𑂠𑂵𑂥 in Kaithi script. Kutchkutch (talk) 23:29, 12 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: Oh, I forgot about that. Yes, all the Hindi belt languages used Kaithi to some extent until independence and government adoption of Devanagari. But modern Awadhi mostly uses Devanagari. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 00:09, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

Back to the old form of communication...

Wyang (talk) 08:38, 13 October 2017 (UTC)

Swahili

What would the Hindi etymon for beberu be? (billy goat#Translations doesn't have Hindi.) Also, goti could use a look over, and the potential etyma need etymologies/entries themselves. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 22:43, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge: It was listed as a Hindi borrowing in a book I was perusing (I'll have to find the link); the usual word for "Billy goat" is बकरा (bakrā), but I'm not sure if that is indeed the etymon. I'll make/expand the "knee" entries soon. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:52, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

You left a link to the book, so I took a look: it offers no etymon or explanation. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 22:58, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge: It's from बरबरी (barabrī, “Barbary goat”), per [14]. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 23:10, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

Nice find, that's the data file for the book you cited. Schadeberg is a good scholar who's mostly reliable, so I'll take his word on it. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 23:17, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

Todo on your userpage

Re:'wow': Looks like User:Sagir_Ahmed_Msa created Assamese entries en masse. Perhaps the goal was to beat Marathi and come close to Punjabi. I've always thought that there should be some quality to entries so I've been reluctant to add entries like that. The list is also interesting because Pakistani languages are now in it. Kutchkutch (talk) 19:45, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: Sagir has done so much work, I'm not sure he even sleeps lol (that's a compliment btw). He's made all the Assamese conjugation and declension tables in a month as well as hundreds of Assamese entries that have etymologies and usage examples. I know DerekWinters was learning Assamese earlier so we did have some lemmas before. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:29, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

Even I agree that Sagir has done a lot of useful work so I didn't intend to criticise him. Perhaps the list inspired him in a friendly competitive way to make a hundred entries at once, and creating such a massive amount of entries may cause each entry to have a little less information than at a slower pace. Kutchkutch (talk) 22:06, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: True, that is a fair point. Oh wow, I didn't notice he made a hundred, I though Assamese was only 15-20 behind Marathi originally. Wow, even catching up to Punjabi, the only other Indian language I have decent knowledge of. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:10, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

Speaking of Sagir, he didn't have a user page for a long time so it's good he has one now, but it does not indicate his proficiency in Sylheti yet. His extensive work on declension and inflection tables made me consider making such tables for Marathi since it currently only has one, but I haven't started yet since template syntax looks intimidating, finding all the forms of a lemma could be a large task, and accounting for irregularity is seems tough.

Almost every native speaker of Hindi seems to claim some knowledge of Punjabi, and learning Hindi as a non-native speaker doesn't seem to imply proficiency in Punjabi. Kutchkutch (talk) 05:29, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਆਸਾਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ! That sentence is identical to पंजाबी बहुत आसान भाषा है. I can help with declension tables, since I have access to some Marathi grammar books from a local university library. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:05, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Thanks for offering to help! You'll probably notice if I try making one. Kutchkutch (talk) 01:47, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

Also, I appreciate your willingness to take the extra effort of accessing library books! You already probably know this, but the information in older books may be outdated or may have changed a little, and they might excessively use Sanskrit/Latin as a model. Based on your previous entries, I would already consider you to be at least mr-1 (maybe mr-2?) on the babel scale. I don't want to bother you too much so maybe I'll ask something the first time and then continue on my own.

Regarding:Punjabi I've found Wikibooks to be a good Wikimedia resource for learning the basics. Kutchkutch (talk) 21:12, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: I think by now I am mr-0.5 at most (probably better in reading though since so many Sanskrit loans are the same as Hindi). I use the Colloquial series of books to learn Punjabi and Gujarati, but I have not looked at their Marathi textbook yet. For grammar though I found a great book by Ramesh Vaman Dhongde and Kashi Wali in this series, and it's quite recent (2009) so it follows modern scholarship. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 22:08, 21 October 2017 (UTC)

The common Sanskrit loans and some Perso-Arabic loans in both combined with the same script makes a lot of the Hindi and Marathi lexicon/vocabulary appear similar. Perhaps this applies to Konkani, Nepali, Rajasthani, etc as well so the Wiktionary entries for such words would be very long.

I've looked at the Colloquial and the Teach Yourself series of books for Gujarati and Punjabi, but as the titles suggest they're not too technical. I couldn't find the Marathi books in those two series if they exist. The Dhongde & Wali book is the best modern Marathi grammar book I've found. (Since you know about these books too, we could use them refer to something specific like સરસ vs સારું for Gujarati.) I've also looked at the Hindi book by Yamuna Kachru and the Bengali book from the LONDON ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN LANGUAGE LIBRARY series, which look good as well. Kutchkutch (talk) 01:44, 22 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: I don't think there is a book in the Colloquial series for Marathi, unfortunately. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 02:39, 22 October 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: I'll add etymology and others later. I'm just adding more translations quickly. You can check my other submissions, I don't leave like that for long, but of course many less useful words will remain like that for longer time. And since I'm new probably it's not expected from me to act like a pro. Sagir ^"(talk)

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: Hi Sagir! Thanks for clarifying. Please don't misunderstand me. You're doing great and continue doing whatever you can do. Thanks for your contributions! The additional information can be added later so small and short submissions are all fine. Learning Assamese (and Sylheti) words from you has been fun! Kutchkutch (talk) 06:42, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Cognates

Hi, what's it called when a language language has 2 (or more) words with the same meaning, one is native and another is borrowed, but both are cognates? And what's it called when a language has 2 (or more) versions of the same word, like for example English has poog, byuk and book all mean "book" ? Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 07:37, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

A doublet. See {{doublet}} and Category:Doublets by language. --2A02:2788:A4:F44:BD0A:F797:CFC1:3FCB 07:39, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

Thanks, what about the 2nd question? Is it also called doublet?.. like cognates and not borrowed with same meaning. Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 09:44, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: I'm not sure to understand; what's the difference between that and the first case? And I don't find any English word at poog or byuk.

Also I forgot to mention that the words don't necessarily have to have the same meaning (= be synonyms) to be doublets; one can have acquired a specific meaning, etc. --2A02:2788:A4:F44:94C7:907D:AB52:4E31 10:02, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

@2A02:2788:A4:F44:94C7:907D:AB52:4E31: Thanks for answering. Your IP address keeps on changing btw, you might want to consider making an account. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:04, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: Yeah, those are doublets. Like Hindi बाज़ू (bāzū) / बाहु (bāhu), संध्या (sandhyā) / साँझ (sāñjh). I think words like एकर (ekar) / एकड़ (ekaṛ) from the same word acre can be considered doublets too. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:04, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

Those (poog, byuk) were just examples. I want to add Assamese নোম (nüm) and its doublets ৰোম (rüm) and লোম (lüm) means "body hair". Should I add these as alternative forms, or in the etymology as doublets? Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 11:21, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: If they are from the same word, then yeah they should be listed as doublets in the etymology section. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 11:23, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

To be fair, the distinction between "Alternative forms" and "Doublets" is sometimes a bit blurry. This might be the case here. I feel that to say a word is a doublet of another, it should have a "life of its own" and not be completely interchangeable with it. --2A02:2788:A4:F44:94C7:907D:AB52:4E31 11:28, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

Thanks! Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 11:45, 24 October 2017 (UTC)

Urdu template

Hello,

I wanted to improve Wiktionary for Urdu and I was wondering how I could make a template like the one for Hindi that looks like this following a definition:

1. पानी बंद कर लेना। ― pānī band kar lenā. ― Turn off the water [when it's done].

A template where it would auto transliterate and the sentence, transliteration, and meaning could all be on one line like the one line on the बंद करना page. Thank You! Theactualguy (talk) 23:38, 26 October 2017 (UTC)

@Theactualguy I don't think there's an automatic transliteration module for Urdu, so you'll have to use manual transliteration. You can do this: {{uxi|ur|(the usage example in Urdu)|(the translation)|tr=(the transliteration)}}. DTLHS (talk) 23:59, 26 October 2017 (UTC)

@Theactualguy: Yes, Urdu doesn't mark some short vowels, so automatic transliteration would not be accurate. {{uxi}} will do the job, like @DTLHS said. (Thanks for that btw) —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 02:06, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Assamese IPA module

Hi, can you create an IPA module for Assamese? Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 16:48, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

I created:

But lua error comes Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 19:11, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

@Sagir Ahmed Msa: I put your code at MOD:as-IPA and invoked it using {{as-IPA}}. It works fine now :) —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 19:24, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Thanks Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 19:25, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Can you put: Sagir Ahmed Msa (talk) 19:29, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

Category:Subtypes of compounds by language

Could I bother you with two Sanskrit requests? We're using Sanskrit words for category names, but currently there's no way to know with Wiktionary alone what vyadhikarana (व्याधिकरण, or व्यधिकरण?) or karmadharaya (कर्मधारय) mean. --Barytonesis (talk) 18:53, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

@Barytonesis: My Sanskrit is very basic, but I made व्यधिकरण (vyadhikaraṇa) and कर्मधारय (karmadhāraya). —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:10, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

Thanks a bunch! I don't want to be pushing it but... there's आम्रेडित (āmreḍita), द्विगु (dvigu), अव्ययीभाव (avyayībhāva) as well :-D (and maybe समास (samāsa)). Meanwhile I'll try to find good English examples of each type of compounds, because the people currently able to use these categories without any kind of explanation/illustration must be very few... And I'm not one of them. --Barytonesis (talk) 20:31, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

@Barytonesis: I'll get to the rest tonight, I have some work IRL. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 20:38, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

Weirdness at create (FYI)

I think what's been happening here is that people are under the impression that if they enter the word "create" in their cellphone, they will be able to create a free web page with their own content. I suspect that a link to Wiktionary is present in the operating system so people can look up words, but users with poor English comprehension don't understand the prompts/documentation and think they're interacting with the phone's OS rather than with a dictionary web site.

We've had to create edit filters to deal with all the people from places like Iran and Iraq who enter x's in search of porn, and there are lots of bogus entries created by people who search for things here as if this were Google, then click on the entry-creation buttons in the failed-search results page.

It's fascinating to watch mental processes being displayed in text as they go off into the weeds, but it's really annoying having to revert and delete all the garbage. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:30, 3 November 2017 (UTC)

create page has a similar long history, but we protected that one. Equinox ◑ 15:47, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

hi-ipa

hello, why isn't there any stress added by the template "hi-ipa". --2A02:2788:A4:F44:C869:9932:F61B:FE02 16:45, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

@2A02:2788:A4:F44:C869:9932:F61B:FE02: I don't know enough Lua yet. It will be added eventually. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 16:50, 4 November 2017 (UTC)

EWDC

Hi! Here are your 10 random missing English words for this month. Let me know if you'd prefer a secret alert by e-mail next time.

• duroys, samnitis, scowdering, skidooing, cottown, bullwhack, girasole, tubae, ballanting, campagne.

Equinox ◑ 00:53, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

nuée ardente

Thank you, Aryamanarora :-) --Happy Rotter (talk) 16:45, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

Punjabi

Hey! This may come in use for you with Punjabi. 1 DerekWinters (talk) 01:46, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Thanks! It's so hard to find decent example sentences for Punjabi lol... I'll add this to my resource list. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 02:22, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

No problem! DerekWinters (talk) 02:36, 8 November 2017 (UTC)

Template:bor

Hi, I noticed that you are using {{bor}} without the notext=1 parameter. I want to notify you that the way this template works will change very shortly, following Wiktionary:Beer parlour/2017/November#Template:bor: Replace notext=1 with withtext=1. The sense of the parameters will be switched: whereas before you needed a parameter to suppress display of the text, in the new situation you'll need a parameter to include the text. The withtext=1 parameter is only temporary, to facilitate the transition to the new format. You can use it for now if you really want, but the goal is to get rid of it. —Rua (mew) 17:35, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

@Rua: Thanks for the heads up. I think I'll just use it like I use {{der}}. —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 17:37, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

That's the intention, but the switchover to the new format (step 3 in the discussion) hasn't happened yet. Right now I'm looking to see if anyone else is still using the old format, and notifying them like I did here. —Rua (mew) 17:39, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

सड़कछाप

Hey! So I found this word, do you know what it means? I can't get a good sense of the definition. DerekWinters (talk) 21:00, 12 November 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: It seems to mean "vulgar" or "unsophisticated". सड़कछाप भाषा (saṛakchāp bhāṣā, “vulgar language”) is a common collocation. I think it also means "thug" as an adjective (e.g. I found a newspaper headline saying सड़कछाप युवकों (saṛakchāp yuvkõ)). Weirdly enough, it's not in my usual dictionaries, and Google Translate says it means "roadmap". —Aryaman ^{(मुझसे बात करो)} 21:06, 12 November 2017 (UTC)

Hmm ok. That makes sense. Thank you DerekWinters (talk) 21:32, 12 November 2017 (UTC)

questions

hello. ive got several questions, do you mind. 1) is there a dialect continuum between sindhi and assamese. 2) do you prefer bengali or assamese. 3) are hindi and bengali mutually intelligible. thank you. --2A02:2788:A4:F44:7090:693:3CC6:61D1 22:59, 17 November 2017 (UTC)

@2A02:2788:A4:F44:7090:693:3CC6:61D1: No problem at all! 1) No, Sindhi is more closely related to Gujarati (especially Kutchi) and Punjabi 2) I don't know much about either, tbh, I'm not sure 3) Not really. I can't understand spoken Bengali like at all. Some Eastern Hindi dialects (Awadhi, Bhojpuri) are mutually intelligible with Bengali. Written Bengali shares the same Sanskrit borrowings with Hindi, so I can read a little bit of it. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 00:27, 18 November 2017 (UTC)

do you plan on learning eastern hindi dialects later. that could be interesting for comparative purposes. --2A02:2788:A4:F44:F4DD:FE3E:CAEF:8E78 16:06, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

@2A02:2788:A4:F44:7090:693:3CC6:61D1: I'm looking into Awadhi a bit, so definitely. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 18:18, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

Transliteration pages

These are linked to by a vast number of Wiktionary pages, and yet have no content. This is a rather embarrassing oversight. The Indian ones are: WT:Gujarati transliteration, WT:Marathi transliteration, and WT: Tamil transliteration. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 16:56, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge: I can easily make the Gujarati and Marathi ones. Tamil has some phonetic peculiarities that I don't fully understand however. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 17:37, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

Well, MOD:ta-translit works somehow. If you don't understand its workings, please ping somebody who does who can make the translit page. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 17:40, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge Well, the module does not handle the devoicing of stops initially and when geminated. Nor does it handle the voicing of stops intervocalically. I'm not sure if it is intended to do so, since the Tamil script doesn't mark this, but it would be useful to have. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 17:47, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

So how do we actually handle Tamil entries? Do we even have any active Tamil-speaking editors? —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 19:26, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

@Metaknowledge: We don't have any active Tamil editors, no. (Surprising, since there are as many Tamil speakers as German speakers) We just use IAST afaict, not bothering with phonetic outcomes. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 19:44, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

Well, that's unfortunate. Still, if that's the case, we ought to document it. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 20:04, 24 November 2017 (UTC)

I'm sure we do have active Tamil editors- just IPs rather than people with accounts. It may be possible to recruit at least one or two of the former into joining the latter if you ask nicely. Chuck Entz (talk) 01:59, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Not in the last 30 days: [15]. :( Wyang (talk) 02:03, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

There's a difference between a transliteration and a transcription: a transliteration just gives equivalents for the written letters so someone who doesn't know the script has an idea of the spelling. It generally has one value for each letter or combination of letters. A transcription is a representation of the pronunciation.

It varies from language to language, but "transliterations" on Wiktionary tend to have limited exceptions in them intended to make the pronunciation of certain combinations easier to see, so they're sort of hybrids of transliteration and transcription. For instance, in Ancient Greek there's no letter for the velar nasal ŋ, which only appears before another velar consonant. The way it's represented is as a velar consonant + the following velar consonant. For instance, Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos) has two γ's which are shown in the transliteration as "ng" rather than "gg".

We can easily do a strict transliteration for Tamil by just ignoring the voicing, since there's no difference in the writing between voiced and voiceless consonants. The question is whether the distinction is useful enough to make an exception to the "one letter-one representation" principle behind a transliteration. From w:Tamil phonology, I get the impression that voicing is almost completely governed by rules based on where the consonant is in the word and what sounds are around it, with the exception of loanwords. If true, that might mean that a native speaker wouldn't hear a voiced and unvoiced consonant as different sounds as long as the rules are followed.

An example of the same thing in American English is the words "pit", "bit", "spit" and "bid": we tell "voiceless" consonants by aspiration before vowels, except when preceded by s in a consonant cluster- where every non-nasal consonant is assumed to be voiceless. After a vowel, we tell "voiced" and "voiceless" apart by the length of the preceding vowel- even when the final consonant isn't pronounced at all. That means that a true phonetic transcription might be something like [pʰɪʔ], [pɪʔ], [spɪʔ] and [pɪːʔ]. Notice that there's no difference between the part of "spit" after the "s" and "bit". You can confirm this by stopping a sound recording right at the end of the "s" and restarting it after a second or two. That's why voiced aspirates sound voiceless to most English speakers. To speakers of a language with a true voicing distinction who aren't English speakers, all of the above will sound voiceless, but for native English speakers, the "p"'s in "pit" and "spit" will sound like the same sound, and the "b" in "bit" will sound different. I'm not sure how this works for you as a native English speaker who grew up hearing Hindi. My hunch is that you would hear the same sounds differently depending on whether you perceived them as Hindi or English.

I hope that wasn't TLDR. The short answer is I think we're better off just going with a strict transliteration like our module does it and not attempting a phonetic transcription. If you want to see the difference, try copypasting text you have a module transliteration for into the input box here (if you copypaste the data tables from the module, you can compare our module version to the website's IPA version). Chuck Entz (talk) 01:59, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

From the Tamil speakers I know, they can easily read any permutation of voiced/unvoiced transliterations as the correct words quite easily. "pataku" is easily read as "paḍagu", as is "padaku", "patagu", etc. I think that it would be fine to keep it to just the base unvoiced letter. DerekWinters (talk) 02:03, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

Also, to answer your question, I didn't realize that the p in pit was different from spit until I started looking into linguistics, but પટ (paṭ) and ફટ (phaṭ) have always sounded different (when pronounced as an aspirated p). Telling my friends this caused similar reactions. DerekWinters (talk) 02:10, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

@Chuck Entz: Having looked a bit into Tamil phonology now, it seems like speakers don't really distinguish the voicing, like the English examples you gave. You are totally right with the Hindi/English thing, I never knew about the distinction in English (until I got into linguistics) but I've always done it in Hindi, like DerekWinters said. My story is actually a bit complicated; I lived in India for part of my childhood and learned Hindi and English simultaneously, but then moved to America and my Hindi sort of decayed until I came on Wiktionary and started "relearning" it. So learning that aspiration was actually important in Hindi was enlightening.

I still think the module needs some minor changes, e.g. we transliterate ச as c to match with IAST when the actual phonetic outcome is /s/ (and I think /z/ is an allophone, but that's not important), and ம (ma) actually only nasalizes after vowels, but like I said those are just minor changes. Thanks for writing this, I learned a lot! —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 03:33, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

@AryamanA, DerekWinters: Just a reminder, two out of the three pages still need to be done. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 23:30, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Specialized Vocabulary

1 This is a book on Hindi specialized vocabulary, so I think you'll heartily enjoy it. DerekWinters (talk) 17:10, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

@DerekWinters: Wow, that's amazing! I can't believe how many words we're still missing. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 17:37, 25 November 2017 (UTC)

MOD:lif-translit

Hello Aryamanarora, Thank you for your suggestion to add MOD:lif-translit to automatically transliterate Limbu. I am willing and looking forward to work with you in this matter. And yes, I am a native Limbu Language speaker. Hopping to hear soon from you. Thank you. Kuldip Limbu (talk) 02:12, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

@Kuldip Limbu: Sorry for not seeing your response earlier! I can definitely make MOD:lif-translit soon, since it seems to be very similar to the Devanagari script. It's nice to have another South Asian editor around here. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 02:17, 27 November 2017 (UTC)

I want to learn some Southeast Asian languages eventually.

Is your interest because of the massive amount of Indic borrowings? I could imagine you becoming another Stuart Jay Raj: [16], [17]

It would be nice if Wiktionary could one day have an elegant way of showing the correspondences of Indic words to their Southeast Asian descendants.

Wikipedia articles related to this include: Indosphere, Greater India, History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia

Wikipedia articles suggest Indic influence on East Asia as well: Gojūon#History, Phags-pa script, which could be the inspiration for Hangul. Kutchkutch (talk) 02:01, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: lol, I wish I could be as cool as him. Yes, I have noticed how many Sanskrit and Pali borrowings there are in Thai and Khmer, as well as in Malay and Indonesian. India had a fairly large influence at one time thanks to seafaring empires that the Chola and the enormous Indian ocean trade. Actually, I want to be able to get by in all the major Indian languages first, and have a good grasp on Mandarin before I venture into any other languages. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 02:42, 28 November 2017 (UTC)

@Kutchkutch: Thanks so much for the chart by the way, it provides so much information in just one page! —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 19:05, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

EWDC #2

Hi! Here are your 10 random missing English words for this month.

• mesprises, clottier, mongoes, code violation, pulpmill, squirages, bembexes, carbiniers, meconiums, branned

Equinox ◑ 19:39, 30 November 2017 (UTC)

entirety

Did I do something wrong on this page? I thought the first 'the' of the two consecutive appearances was supposed to be 'to, as in "Due to the..." — This unsigned comment was added by Ira Leviton (talk • contribs).

Go back and look at your edit. You mistyped the only word you changed. Please be more careful in the future. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 02:27, 1 December 2017 (UTC)

re

They are mostly used for transcription of foreign names insteads of used in Chinese names.--2001:DA8:201:3512:BCE6:D095:55F1:36DE 16:27, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

@2001:DA8:201:3512:BCE6:D095:55F1:36DE: But 瑪麗亞／玛丽亚 (Mǎlìyà) is a transcription of the foreign name Maria, right? —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 16:29, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Generally they use their transcription as definition (see 威廉姆斯).--2001:DA8:201:3512:BCE6:D095:55F1:36DE 16:33, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

@2001:DA8:201:3512:BCE6:D095:55F1:36DE: Okay, I understand, thanks for the help! —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 16:37, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Category:Assamese terms lacking transliteration

Please don't delete the category until it's empty. If/when it is and you know that terms like অনুবাদ কৰা won't appear in it again, then delete it. What is the value of having a redlink category? —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 21:20, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

@Koavf: None of the words in the category lack transliteration, transliteration is done automatically by MOD:as-translit. I don't know why the category is being populated, but it's totally useless. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 21:57, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Then we need to fix the template and delete the category afterwards. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 21:59, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

@Koavf: lol, which template would that be? I think it's a module issue. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 23:10, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

{{as-verb}} —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 23:12, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

diff —suzukaze (t・c) 23:13, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

@Koavf: Ah, I missed that. I checked {{as-conj}} and {{as-verb set}}, but not {{as-verb}}. @Suzukaze-c Thanks! —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 23:25, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Hey, no problem. Now the category is empty and can be deleted. Yay for collaobration--I love it when wikis work. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 23:27, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

On a similar note, there are items in CAT:Terms with redundant transliterations/gbm and CAT:Terms with redundant transliterations/tcy; should we empty them? --Barytonesis (talk) 23:05, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

@Barytonesis: Yes, they can be removed; they don't need to be there since those languages are automatically transliterated. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 23:07, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

There are items in CAT:Terms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones/tcy, though. --Barytonesis (talk) 23:14, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

Ok, I've emptied the first two categories, but I'm not competent to take care of the last. Also, it looks like the Tulu language uses two different scripts, the second of which isn't automatically transliterated (see the translations at Tulu). --Per utramque cavernam (talk) 10:26, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

Delete old redirects

Aryaman, if you have some time, could you go back over your old redirects, like Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/waĵʰ-, update any links to them, and delete them? Thanks! --Victar (talk) 21:47, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

@Victar: I will do it gradually if that's okay with you. I sure move pages around a lot... —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 21:49, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

Perfect, thanks! --Victar (talk) 21:51, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

PII suffixes

We really need to add more PII suffix entries to get an inventory of which were actually productive. --Victar (talk) 03:26, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

reverting of my edit

? ---> Tooironic (talk) 12:27, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

@Tooironic: Apologies, I was patrolling recent changes on my phone and clicked the wrong button... —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 12:29, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

That's OK. ---> Tooironic (talk) 12:39, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

chakpur

I bet you know the etymology for this. Equinox ◑ 22:50, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

@Equinox: It's definitely Tibetan, I took a stab at it. @Wyang would you look it over? —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 23:13, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

It's correct. Wyang (talk) 02:03, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

unexplained revert

Does your unexplained revert of gʰóstis mean that you're sure the meaning of the word is incorrect in the explanation of the etymology of host? That says "from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, host, someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality”)". --Espoo (talk) 16:25, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

@Espoo: PIE is a reconstructed language, there is no "absolutely correct" or "incorrect" meaning because we have no actual documents in PIE that use these words. I prefer to keep the definitions as broad as possible because of that, that's I reverted your very specific definition that you have offered no evidence of (another entry such as host is not sufficient). This says it means "guest, stranger, enemy". —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 16:30, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

Exactly; it's an incorrect and misleading simplification to give only "stranger" as the meaning.--Espoo (talk) 16:51, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

@Espoo: Please explain to me how "guest, stranger, enemy" always implies mutual hospitality. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 17:01, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

As AHD explains: Stranger, guest, host; properly "someone with whom one has reciprocal duties of hospitality." Since you needed that explanation, normal users need it too, so please don't remove it again.--Espoo (talk) 17:11, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

@Espoo: You haven't explained anything to me, you've tossed me a definition from the AHD, which is by no means at the cutting-edge of Indo-European studies. Mallory gives "guest, stranger, enemy", Beekes says "The stranger was called *ghosti-, which could be 'guest' but also enemy:", Voyles only gives "enemy", etc. etc. The AHD is not the only resource in existence. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 17:19, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

I found the AHD explanation very enlightening. It shows how the ancient concept of the duty to provide hospitality to strangers explains how the word could have as chronologically simultaneous meanings what are nowadays at least in Western societies considered antonyms, guest/host and guest/stranger. Hospitality was a social contract and gʰóstis was the term used to refer to one who entered into this contract, both the stranger who became a guest and their host. --Espoo (talk) 18:02, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

Found more detail: https://www.etymonline.com/word/*ghos-ti- --Espoo (talk) 18:18, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

I also reverted you at hospes because the English descendant belongs in the descendants section, where it is already. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 16:32, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

OK --Espoo (talk) 16:51, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

Entry in Discussion Page automatically disallowed

Hello Mr. Aryaman! My entry on a discussion page was automatically disallowed for "various specific spammer activities". I guess the algorithm was alerted as I copy-pasted my rejected entry on the discussion page. I was encouraged to inform an admin as I believe my entry is constructive. I will simply copy-paste my entry from the discussion page here again. I hope this one will not be rejected and we can talk about this issue. In God We Trrust (talk) 05:21, 19 December 2017 (UTC)In_God_We_Trrust

hey!

i came to this page from "penetrate".

the word "penes" was not taught in my classical Latin education. And the translations can be expressed in classical terms. Therefore I looked up the word "penes" in a online dictionary, which I listed in the references. As this is not a classical term, I thought writing down in Wiktionary the literal meaning of the term may be the most helpful way to tell how and when to use it. Alas, my edit has been rejected. I write it down here again on the discussion page for opening a discussion:

In God We Trrust (talk) 05:21, 19 December 2017 (UTC) In_God_We_Trrust

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-. Literally referring to a person's house.

1. at, with (loc.), about, concerning

• https://archive.org/stream/latindictionaryf00lewiuoft#page/740/mode/2up

@In God We Trrust: I'm not sure what happened, sorry. I don't know how the abuse filters work. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 21:52, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

Thx for the reply. I will see what I can do. In God We Trrust (talk) 03:34, 23 December 2017 (UTC)In_God_We_Trrust

I suspect it has something to do with putting your signature in the middle of a block of text, rather than at the end. Chuck Entz (talk) 04:35, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

Revert on Dharmism

I saw your recent revert on the definition of Dharmism. Could you please explain why you think the old definition was not correct? — This unsigned comment was added by Hrihr (talk • contribs).

This is a dictionary, not an encyclopaedia. Your additions were not appropriate as a dictionary definition. —Μετάknowledge^{discuss/deeds} 20:50, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

@Hrihr: As Metaknowledge said, that does not belong in a dictionary. Not to mention it's factually incorrect; you list 4 "sects" of Dharmism, but all of those are independent religions that share the idea of dharma. Also, theologically, dharma is not a goal to be achieved (as you claim), it is the right conduct to achieve the goal. I am a Hindu myself, so I have some knowledge about this stuff. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 21:51, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: I think you misunderstood the meaning of the term. It was not a goal but is a belief system with some core principles. You don't need to believe in some religion to believe those values but those values are however foundation of multiple religions like Hinduism, Buddhism etc. A person could be non-religious but still could believe in those values. Please give it a thought. Hrihr (talk) 15:55, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

@Hrihr: Dharma is not a belief system, it's just one element (not necessarily the central one) of many massive and diverse religions. Dharma is pretty much natural law, the universal order of things. Maintaining dharma is the means to achieve liberation from the material world. And I disagree; the fact is in Vedic Hinduism not being Hindu would be a violation of dharma. Emperors (even the "enlightened" Buddhist Mauryans) killed non-dharmists in the name of dharma. The kind of dharma you describe is the idyllic Western view of Indian religions. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 16:34, 22 December 2017 (UTC)

@Aryamanarora: Dharm is certainly the central principle and essence of various Indic traditions and is the core belief of various sects and schools of Indic philosophies. If you study scriptures of various sects, you'll find that everything revolves around it and various traditions and customs are just means to attain it. There are different ways and paths suggested by different Gurus from time to time to realise it. There are various Dharm-shastras that suggest the author's view of the society which could take the society to the path of Dharm with the famous one being Manu-smriti. There is no word called Hindu/Hind/Hinduism in Sanskrit and it is the corrupt form of word Sindh spoken by Persians referring to land and people across that river. So, no one could be Hindu or not be Hindu as it is meaningless and doesn't convey any kind of meaning. Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains etc. all are Dharmists. Please study the scriptures and I request you to revert your changes in the meanwhile. You could revisit the definition after studying the texts. Hrihr (talk) 15:32, 26 December 2017 (UTC)

space

Hi,

Do you mind adding some Hindi translations? My Hindi resources don't let me add reliable translations on this English word, which has too many senses. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 10:10, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

@Atitarev: I tried my best. The English senses are very narrow. जगह (jagah) has a very broad meaning but it should work as a translation for several senses. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 20:07, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia

Digital Dictionaries of South Asia is great source of dictionaries in several languages of south asia. Have a look.--Nizil Shah (talk) 13:36, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

@Nizil Shah: I use that all the time! It's a great resource, I agree. Sadly, it's lacking Gujarati. For that I use http://gujaratilexicon.com. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 17:47, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

Thats great that you knew about it. GujaratiLexicon is great work too as it includes the greatest Gujarati encyclopedic dictionary BhagwadGomandal too. You may go through BhagwadGomandal too on their as well as other two websites. BhagwadGomandal is in public domain since 2015. Gujarati Wikipedians planned to add it to Gujarati Wiktionary but later postponed and waiting for Wikidata style Wikibase powered structured dictionary. Regards, -Nizil Shah (talk) 19:55, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

@Nizil Shah: I'll definitely check it out! I'm trying to learn some more Gujarati now.

The structured dictionary idea seems to be moving very slowly and I don't think it will have all the features that the current plain text system do. I guess that importing from a database will be easier if it is implemented though. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 20:00, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

Few months ago, they had released aprototype.But it is going very slow. May be in July 2018 we see some starting of structured dictionary. It will take another two-three years to settle down with all functions. If it get its own team, their work will pick up.

I think you may have learned to recognize Gujarati alphabets by now. Its very easy as they are mostly similar to Hindi. Learn reading Gujarati and dictionaries are there to understand meaning. Try one nice Gujarati film on youtube like Kevi Rite Jaish. I am native speaker of Gujarati so feel free to ask. I will help whenever I could. Regards,-Nizil Shah (talk) 20:07, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

Correct the entry name

Yo, I fucked up the entry name for this:

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%90%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%8E%D8%A9

It should be just سلیقة (as you know already): fix it.

Many thanks in advance!

You fucked up more too, the Unicode is still not correct. Perhaps your entries should be deleted on sight, lest crime pays. Palaestrator verborum ^{sis loquier 🗣} 21:08, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

@Yétser Gfarnab, this is why you get blocked. Another editor fixed it. Good to see that you're at least noticing your mistakes now. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 21:09, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

It is not fixed. You know why the transcription does not work? Because he uses U+06CC ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH instead of the letter used in Arabic. Palaestrator verborum ^{sis loquier 🗣} 21:12, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

@Palaestrator verborum: Fixed. —Aryaman^{A (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान)} 21:19, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

Sorry, that was my fault as I just clicked on the unvocalised text without checking it. Kaixinguo~enwiktionary (talk) 21:21, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

EWDC #3

Hi! Here are your 10 random missing English words for this month.

• yogasana (nice coincidence!), skelloched, overteem, maises, girandolas, get up again, seazed, maided, proteans, teenes

Equinox ◑ 04:50, 30 December 2017 (UTC)