Wiktionary

笑

See also: 咲 and 笶
笑 U+7B11, 笑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B11
← 笐
[U+7B10] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 笒 →
[U+7B12]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

笑 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹大 (HHK), four-corner 88432, composition ⿱𥫗夭)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 879, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25885
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2950, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7B11

Chinese edit

trad. 笑
simp. # 笑
alternative forms 关
咲
㗛
𥬇
𠺑
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 笑
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (夭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
笑 *sqʰows
夭 *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ
镺 *qoːwʔ, *qoːws
芺 *qoːwʔ, *qrowʔ
妖 *qrow
祅 *qrow
枖 *qrow
訞 *qrow
殀 *qrowʔ
仸 *qrowʔ
妋 *pa, *qu
飫 *qos
沃 *qoːwɢ
鋈 *qoːwɢ

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) or phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰows) : phonetic 艸 (OC *sʰuːʔ, “grass”) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). Later, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰows) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 夭 (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • chhiò - vernacular;
  • chhiàu - vernacular (used in some compounds, may also be considered literary);
  • siàu - literary.
Note:
  • ciê3 - Chaozhou;
  • cio3 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 笑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 私妙切
Baxter sjewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/sjæuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/siawH/
Li
Rong 		/siɛuH/
Wang
Li 		/sĭɛuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ɛuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		siu3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 笑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjewH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s-l]aw-s/
English to laugh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 笑
Reading # 1/1
No. 14621
Phonetic
component 		夭
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		𥬇
Old
Chinese 		/*sqʰows/
Notes 原下從犬，注或作此。漢書作八下夭
 
笑

Definitions edit

笑

  1. (intransitive) to laugh; to smile
    笑容  ―  xiàoróng  ―  smile
    唔識笑／唔识笑 [Cantonese]  ―  m4 sik1 siu3 [Jyutping]  ―  never smiles
  2. (transitive) to laugh at; to ridicule
    點解你哋成日笑我㗎？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    点解你哋成日笑我㗎？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    dim2 gaai2 nei5 dei6 seng4 jat6 siu3 ngo5 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Why do you guys always laugh at me?
  3. (ditransitive) to laugh at; to ridicule
    笑佢唔識講廣東話 [Cantonese, trad.]
    笑佢唔识讲广东话 [Cantonese, simp.]
    siu3 keoi5 m4 sik1 gong2 gwong2 dung1 waa6-2 [Jyutping]
    to make fun of them for not knowing how to speak Cantonese
  4. (literary, or in compounds) funny; amusing
    笑話／笑话  ―  xiàohuà  ―  joke (literally, “funny words”)
  5. (obsolete, figurative) to blossom; to bloom
  6. (rare) a surname

Synonyms edit

  • (to laugh):
Dialectal synonyms of 笑 (“to laugh; to smile”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 笑
Mandarin Beijing 樂, 笑
Taiwan 笑
Harbin 樂
Jinan 笑
Wanrong 笑
Xi'an 笑
Wuhan 笑, 奢
Chengdu 笑
Guilin 笑
Yangzhou 笑
Hefei 笑
Malaysia 笑
Singapore 笑
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 笑
Cantonese Guangzhou 笑
Hong Kong 笑
Yangjiang 笑
Beihai 笑
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 笑
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 笑
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 笑
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 笑
Móng Cái 笑
Gan Nanchang 笑
Pingxiang 笑
Hakka Meixian 笑
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 笑
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 笑
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 笑
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 笑
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 笑
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 笑
Huizhou Jixi 笑
Jin Taiyuan 笑
Northern Min Jian'ou 笑
Eastern Min Fuzhou 笑
Southern Min Xiamen 笑
Quanzhou 笑
Zhangzhou 笑
Manila (Hokkien) 笑
Chaozhou 笑
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 笑
Binyang 笑
Shehua Fu'an 笑
Fuding 笑
Luoyuan 笑
Sanming 笑
Shunchang 笑
Hua'an 笑
Guixi (Zhangping) 笑
Cangnan 笑
Jingning 笑
Lishui 笑
Longyou 笑
Chaozhou 笑
Fengshun 笑
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 笑
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 笑
Luxi (Baisha) 笑
Wu Shanghai 笑
Suzhou 笑
Danyang 笑
Hangzhou 笑
Wenzhou 笑
Xiang Changsha 笑
Shuangfeng 笑
  • (to ridicule):

See also edit

  • (to laugh at): 嘲 (cháo), 嗤 (chī)

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

笑

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to laugh; laughter
  2. to smile; a smile

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
笑
わら(い)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 笑う (warau, “to laugh; to smile”).[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

笑(わらい) • (warai) ←わらひ (warafi)?

  1. a laugh, laughing, laughter
  2. a smile, smiling
Usage notes edit

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 笑い.

The warai reading is more commonly associated with the laugh senses. The emi reading is more commonly associated with the smile senses.

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
笑
え(み)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 笑む (emu, “to smile; to bloom”).[1][2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

笑(えみ) • (emi) ←ゑみ (wemi)?

  1. a smile, smiling
  2. a bloom, blooming
  3. the opening of a nut or other fruit as it ripens
Usage notes edit

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 笑み.

The emi reading is more commonly associated with the smile senses. The warai reading is more commonly associated with the laugh senses.

Proper noun edit

笑(えみ) • (Emi) ←ゑみ (wemi)?

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
笑
え
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Likely related to the emi above.

Noun edit

笑(え) • (e) ←ゑ (we)?

  1. (in compounds) smile
    Used in compounds such as 笑(え)顔(がお) (egao), 笑(え)酒(ぐし) (egushi), and 笑(え)壺(つぼ) (etsubo).

Etymology 4 edit

Punctuation mark edit

笑(わら) • (wara) 

  1. (informal, teen slang) Alternative form of (笑) ((笑)): LOL

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

笑 (eumhun 웃을 소 (useul so))

  1. Hanja form? of 소 (“laugh”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

笑: Hán Nôm readings: tiếu, téo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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