umquam

Latin edit

Alternative forms edit

unquam (later)

Etymology edit

Perhaps from *quomquam, from quom (later cum) and quam (“any”). Compare cumque.

Pronunciation edit

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈum.kʷam/, [ˈʊŋkʷä̃ˑ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈum.kwam/, [ˈumkwäm]

Adverb edit

umquam (not comparable)

(chiefly in the negative) at any time, ever; (with negative) never
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.246-247:
  “Tunc etiam fātīs aperit Cassandra futūrīs
  ōra deī iussū nōn umquam crēdita Teucrīs.”
  “Then once more Cassandra had spoken, revealing the future: A voice [which], by decree of a god, the Trojans were never to believe.”
  (See also: Cassandra.)

Usage notes edit

Most frequently in negative clauses, sometimes also in interrogations and in conditional clauses; but very seldom in affirmations

Synonyms edit

quandō (following sī or num)

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

type	demonstrative			anaphoric	identity	interrogative/ relative	indefinite				negative	other
type	proximal	medial	distal	anaphoric	identity	interrogative/ relative	relative	indefinite	free choice	negative polarity	negative	other
basic	hic	iste, istic	ille, illic	is	ipse, īdem	quis/quī	quisquis, quīcumque	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quispiam	quīvis, quīlibet	quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam	nēmō, nihil, nūllus	alter, alius
dual						uter	utercumque	alteruter, uterque	utervīs, uterlibet		neuter
place	hīc	istīc	illīc	ibī̆	ibī̆dem	ubī̆	ubiubi, ubī̆cumque	alicubī, ubīque, uspiam	ubivīs, ubilibet	usquam	nusquam, nēcubi	alibī, aliās
source	hinc	istinc	illinc	inde	indidem	unde	undecumque, undeunde	alicunde, undique	°undelibet		nēcunde	aliunde
destination	hūc, °hōrsum	istūc, °istōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	eō	eōdem	quō, quōrsum	quōquō, quōcumque	aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum	quōvīs, quōlibet	quōquam		aliō, aliōrsum
method, means, path, place	hāc	istāc	illāc	eā	eādem	quā	quāquā, quācumque	aliquā, quāque	quāvīs, quālibet		nēquāquam, haudquāquam	aliā
manner	hōc modō	istō modō	illō modō	ita, sīc, eō modō	item, itidem	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	quōmodolibet	ūllō modō	nūllō modō	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time	num, nunc		ōlim	tum, tunc	simul	quandō, ‡cum	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	quondam, aliquandō, quandōque	quandōlibet	umquam	numquam	aliās
exact time	hac hōra	ista hōra	illa hōra	ea hōra	eadem hōra	quota hōra	quotacumque hōra					altera/alia hōra
quantity				tam	†tamen, †tandem	quam	†quamquam	aliquam	quamvīs
size				tantus	tantusdem	quantus	quantuscumque	aliquantus	quantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality				tālis		quālis	quālis, quāliscumque	aliquālis	quālislibet
number				tot	totidem	quot	quotquot, quotcumque	aliquot	quotlibet
order				totus		quotus	quotuscumque		quotuslibet
repetition				totiēns		quotiēns	quotiēnscumque	aliquotiēns	quotiēnslibet
multiplication				totuplex		quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Descendants edit

Several forms reflect the addition of an adverbial /-s/.

Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: încă
Italo-Romance:
- Old Italian: unqua, unque
  - Italian: -unque
Gallo-Italic:
- Old Ligurian: unca
- Old Lombard: unca, uncha, unchan
Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: onques
- French: onc, onques (obsolete)
- Norman: onc
Occitano-Romance:
- Old Occitan: oncas (central), onc, unques (Béarn)
  - Occitan: onc (Rouergue)

References edit

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ŭmquam”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 14: U–Z, page 26