Alternative forms
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Etymology
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Perhaps from *quomquam, from quom (later cum) and quam (“any”). Compare cumque.
Pronunciation
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umquam (not comparable)
- (chiefly in the negative) at any time, ever; (with negative) never
29 BCE – 19 BCE,
Virgil,
Aeneid 2.246-247:
- “Tunc etiam fātīs aperit Cassandra futūrīs
ōra deī iussū nōn umquam crēdita Teucrīs.”- “Then once more Cassandra had spoken, revealing the future: A voice [which], by decree of a god, the Trojans were never to believe.”
(See also: Cassandra.)
Usage notes
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Most frequently in negative clauses, sometimes also in interrogations and in conditional clauses; but very seldom in affirmations
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
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type |
demonstrative |
anaphoric |
identity |
interrogative/ relative |
indefinite |
negative |
other
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proximal |
medial |
distal |
relative |
indefinite |
free choice |
negative polarity
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basic
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hic |
iste, istic |
ille, illic |
is |
ipse, īdem |
quis/quī |
quisquis, quīcumque |
quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quispiam |
quīvis, quīlibet |
quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam |
nēmō, nihil, nūllus |
alter, alius
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dual
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uter |
utercumque |
alteruter, uterque |
utervīs, uterlibet |
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neuter |
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place
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hīc |
istīc |
illīc |
ibī̆ |
ibī̆dem |
ubī̆ |
ubiubi, ubī̆cumque |
alicubī, ubīque, uspiam |
ubivīs, ubilibet |
usquam |
nusquam, nēcubi |
alibī, aliās
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source
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hinc |
istinc |
illinc |
inde |
indidem |
unde |
undecumque, undeunde |
alicunde, undique |
°undelibet |
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nēcunde |
aliunde
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destination
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hūc, °hōrsum |
istūc, °istōrsum |
illūc, °illōrsum |
eō |
eōdem |
quō, quōrsum |
quōquō, quōcumque |
aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum |
quōvīs, quōlibet |
quōquam |
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aliō, aliōrsum
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method, means, path, place
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hāc |
istāc |
illāc |
eā |
eādem |
quā |
quāquā, quācumque |
aliquā, quāque |
quāvīs, quālibet |
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nēquāquam, haudquāquam |
aliā
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manner
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hōc modō |
istō modō |
illō modō |
ita, sīc, eō modō |
item, itidem |
ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum |
utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque |
utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō |
quōmodolibet |
ūllō modō |
nūllō modō |
aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
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time
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num, nunc |
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ōlim |
tum, tunc |
simul |
quandō, ‡cum |
cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque |
quondam, aliquandō, quandōque |
quandōlibet |
umquam |
numquam |
aliās
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exact time
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hac hōra |
ista hōra |
illa hōra |
ea hōra |
eadem hōra |
quota hōra |
quotacumque hōra |
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altera/alia hōra
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quantity
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tam |
†tamen, †tandem |
quam |
†quamquam |
aliquam |
quamvīs |
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size
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tantus |
tantusdem |
quantus |
quantuscumque |
aliquantus |
quantusvīs, quantuslibet |
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quality
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tālis |
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quālis |
quālis, quāliscumque |
aliquālis |
quālislibet |
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number
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tot |
totidem |
quot |
quotquot, quotcumque |
aliquot |
quotlibet |
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order
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totus |
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quotus |
quotuscumque |
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quotuslibet |
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repetition
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totiēns |
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quotiēns |
quotiēnscumque |
aliquotiēns |
quotiēnslibet |
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multiplication
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totuplex |
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quotuplex |
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† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare ‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative
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Descendants
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Several forms reflect the addition of an adverbial /-s/.
- Balkan Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
References
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Further reading
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- “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umquam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)