ipse

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin ipse.

Pronoun

ipse

1. himself; herself; itself

Latin

Alternative forms

• ipsus (ante-classical)

Etymology

Compounded from Proto-Indo-European *éy and *swé.

In Old Latin when both parts were inflected, a glide consonant p was inserted in the form *eum-sum, yielding eum-p-sum. From these accusative forms the stems -pso and -psā were extracted and adapted to the nominative forms, thus ipsus and eapsa. Ultimately the paradigm was assimilated to that of iste, ille, with only later in the history of Latin neuter ipsum becoming ipsud.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈip.se/, [ˈɪps̠ɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈip.se/, [ˈipse]
• Hyphenation: ip‧se

Determiner

ipse (feminine ipsa, neuter ipsum); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)

1. (emphatic) himself, herself, itself, the very, the actual
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.6:

     cōpiaque ipsa nocet

     and the very abundance [of choices] hurts

2. in person
3. for one's part, for his part, for her part
4. alone, by oneself, by one's own accord, of one's own nature
5. just (with an adverb of time)

   nunc ipsum ― just now; at this very time

   tum ipsum ― just now; at that very time

6. exactly, precisely, just (with a numeral or for contrast)

Declension

Demonstrative pronoun (pronominal).

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ipse	ipsa	ipsum		ipsī	ipsae	ipsa
Genitive	ipsī̆us				ipsōrum	ipsārum	ipsōrum
Dative	ipsī				ipsīs
Accusative	ipsum	ipsam	ipsum		ipsōs	ipsās	ipsa
Ablative	ipsō	ipsā	ipsō		ipsīs

It follows the pronominal declension

• In Medieval Latin the neuter form ipsud (instead of ipsum) appears.

Coordinate terms

Latin correlatives ^(edit)

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	quis, quī	quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus	is, iste, istic	hic	ille, illic	quī	quisquis, quīcumque	ipse, īdem	alter, alius
dual	uter	alteruter, uterque				uter	utercumque
number	quot	aliquot	tot			quot	quotquot, quotcumque	totidem
order	quotus		totus			quotus	quotuscumque
quantity	quam	aliquam	tam			quam	†quamquam	†tamen, †tandem
size	quantus	aliquantus	tantus			quantus	quantuscumque	tantusdem
quality	quālis	aliquālis	tālis			quālis	quālis, quāliscumque
manner	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō	ita, sic, eō/istō modō	hōc modō	illō modō	ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum	utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque	item, itidem	aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
method, path, place	quā	aliquā, quāque	eā, istāc	hāc	illāc	quā	quāquā, quācumque	eādem	aliā
place	ubi	alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam	ibi, istic	hīc	illīc	ubi	ubiubi, ubicumque	ibidem	alibī, aliās
source	unde	alicunde, undeunde	inde, istinc	hinc	illinc	unde	undecumque	indidem	aliunde
destination	quō, quōrsum	aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum	eō, istūc, °istōrsum	hūc, °hōrsum	illūc, °illōrsum	quō	quōquō, quōcumque	eōdem	aliō, aliorsum
time	quandō	quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam	tum, tunc	num, nunc	ōlim	cum, quandō	cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque	simul	aliās
exact time	quota hōra		ea/ista hōra	hac hōra	illa hōra	quota hōra	quotacumque hōra	eadem hōra	altera/alia hōra
repetition	quotiēns	aliquotiēns	totiēns			quotiēns	quotiēnscumque
multiplication	quotuplex		totuplex			quotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare

Derived terms

• semetipse
• ipsimus
• rēapse
• ipse dīxit
• res ipsa loquitur, res loquitur ipsa

Derived terms

• *ad ipsum
• *eccum ipse
• *metipse
• *metipsimus

Descendants

• Aromanian: nãs, nãsã, is, isã
• Catalan: eixe, eixa, eixos, eixes

  Eastern or Balearic: es, sa, es, ses

• Galician: ese, esa, iso, eses, esas, eis
• Italian: esso, essa, essi, esse ⇒ stesso, stessa
• Old Franco-Provençal: eis, eissament
  • Franco-Provençal: pas n'eis (Terres Froides)
• Old French: es, esse, is, en esse de
  • French: en esse de (regional, Eastern France)
  • Lorrain: èche de
• Piedmontese: ës, s, së, is
• Portuguese: esse, essa, isso, esses, essas
• Romanian: îns, însă, însăși, însele, însuși, înșiși
• Sardinian: issu; su
• Spanish: ese, esa, eso, esos, esas

References

• “ipse”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ipse in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to penetrate into the heart of Greece: in ipsam or intimam Graeciam penetrare
    
  • (ambiguous) at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    
  • just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
    
  • extraneous causes: causae extrinsecus allatae (opp. in ipsa re positae)
    
  • at the critical moment: in ipso periculi discrimine
    
  • everyday experience tells us this: res ipsa, usus rerum (cotidie) docet
    
  • the very facts of the case show this: res ipsa docet
    
  • the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
    
  • there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
    
  • this is as clear as daylight: hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius
    
  • (ambiguous) at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
    
  • (ambiguous) with this very object: ad id ipsum
    
  • (ambiguous) the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus ipsis par est oratio
    
  • (ambiguous) to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
    
• ipse in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016