Wiktionary

假

See also: 仮 and 段
假 U+5047, 假
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5047
← 偆
[U+5046] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 偈 →
[U+5048]

Translingual Edit

Stroke order
 
Japanese 仮
Simplified 假
Traditional 假

Han character Edit

假 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜水 (ORYE), four-corner 27247, composition ⿰亻叚)

Derived characters Edit

Related characters Edit

References Edit

  • KangXi: page 110, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 196, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5047

Chinese Edit

simp. and trad.
 假
2nd round simp. 𬽥

Glyph origin Edit

Historical forms of the character 假
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Small seal script
 

s05789

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L35016

 

L35017

 

L35018

 

L35019

 

L35020

 

L35021

 

L35022

 

L35023

 

L35024

 

L35025

 

L35026

 

L35027

 

L17232

 

L17233

 

L17234

 

L17235

 

L17236

 

L17237

 

L17238

 

L17239

 

L17240

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (叚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
葭 *kraː
麚 *kraː
瘕 *kraː, *kraːʔ
豭 *kraː
貑 *kraː
猳 *kraː
犌 *kraː
假 *kraːʔ, *kraːs
嘏 *kraːʔ
婽 *kraːʔ
椵 *kraːʔ
叚 *kraːʔ
蝦 *qʰraː, *ɡraː
煆 *qʰraː, *qʰraːs
霞 *ɡraː
遐 *ɡraː
瑕 *ɡraː
鰕 *ɡraː
碬 *ɡraː
蕸 *ɡraː
赮 *ɡraː
鍜 *ɡraː
騢 *ɡraː
暇 *ɡraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs): semantic 人 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Etymology Edit

“to borrow; false”
The sense evolved in the following manner: "to borrow" > "simulate" > "deception; false".
Cognate with Tibetan ཀར་སྐྱིན (kar skyin, “loan; thing borrowed”). An allofam is probably 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ, “to hire”).

Pronunciation 1 Edit

Note:
  • ké/kée - vernacular;
  • ká - literary.
Note:
  • gê2 - vernacular;
  • gia2 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 2ka - vernacular;
    • 2jia - literary.
    Rime
    Character 假
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古疋切
    Baxter kaeX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠaX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚaX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kaX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kaX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kaX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kaX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiǎ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaa2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 假 假
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiǎ jiǎ
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kæX › ‹ kæX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.kˁraʔ/ /*kˁraʔ/
    English borrow; false great

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 假
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 5955
    Phonetic
    component         		叚
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		檟
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraːʔ/

    Definitions Edit

    假

    1. to lend; to borrow; to loan
      假道伐虢  ―  jiǎdàofáguó  ―  to obtain safe passage to conquer the State of Guo
      假以時日／假以时日  ―  jiǎyǐshírì  ―  as time goes by
    2. (archaic, historical, politics) acting
      假王  ―  jiǎwáng  ―  Acting Prince
      假丞相  ―  jiǎchéngxiàng  ―  Acting Chancellor
    3. to make use of
      不假思索  ―  bùjiǎsīsuǒ  ―  without hesitation
      假借  ―  jiǎjiè  ―  to make use of; phonetic loan
    4. to disguise; to fake; to pretend
      假裝／假装  ―  jiǎzhuāng  ―  to pretend
    5. forged; artificial; false
      假貨／假货  ―  jiǎhuò  ―  counterfeit goods
      假睫毛  ―  jiǎjiémáo  ―  false eyelash
      Antonym: 真 (zhēn)
    6. falsehood; deception
      真假  ―  zhēnjiǎ  ―  real and fake; authenticity
    7. if; assuming
      假設／假设  ―  jiǎshè  ―  to suppose
    8. a surname

    Compounds Edit

    Descendants Edit

    • → Lingao: ke¹ (via Hainanese)

    Pronunciation 2 Edit

    Note:
    • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
      • kè - vernacular;
      • kà - literary.
  • (Teochew)
    • Note:
    • gê3 - vernacular;
    • gia2/gian2 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 假 (放假)
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕia⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕia⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕia²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕia³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕia¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕia¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕia⁴²/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕia⁵³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕia²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕia̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕia²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕia⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑ³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ka³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiɑ⁵¹³/
    /kɑ⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiɑ⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /ko⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕia³⁵/
    Tunxi /kɔ³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕia⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕiɒ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /kɑ²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /ka³¹/
    Taoyuan /kɑ³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /ka³³/
    Nanning /kʰa³³/
    Hong Kong /ka³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ka²¹/
    /ke²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɑ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ka²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kia⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /kɛ³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 假
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 麻 (98)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 古訝切
    Baxter kaeH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠaH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚaH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kaH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kaɨH/
    Li
    Rong         		/kaH/
    Wang
    Li         		/kaH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kaH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jià
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gaa3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 假
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 5961
    Phonetic
    component         		叚
    Rime
    group         		魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		駕
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraːs/

    Definitions Edit

    假

    1. vacation
      病假  ―  bìngjià  ―  sick leave
      假日  ―  jiàrì  ―  holiday

    Compounds Edit

    Pronunciation 3 Edit

    Definitions Edit

    假

    1. † Same as 格 (gé).

    Compounds Edit

    References Edit

    Japanese Edit

    Shinjitai

    		仮

    Kyūjitai

    		假

    Kanji Edit

    假

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仮)

    1. temporary
    2. interim
    3. assumed (name)
    4. informal

    Readings Edit

    • On (unclassified): か (ka); け (ke)
    • Kun: かり (kari)

    Korean Edit

    Etymology 1 Edit

    From Middle Chinese 假 (MC kaeX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 강 (Yale: {{{2}}})
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 빌 (Yale: {{{2}}}) 가 (Yale: {{{2}}})
    Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 빌 (Yale: {{{2}}}) 가 (Yale: {{{2}}})
    Seokbong Cheonjamun, 1583 빌 (Yale: {{{2}}}) 가 (Yale: {{{2}}})

    Pronunciation Edit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [가(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja Edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    假 (eumhun 거짓 가 (geojit ga))

    1. Hanja form? of 가 (“false, fake”).
    Compounds Edit
    Compounds

    Etymology 2 Edit

    From Middle Chinese 假 / 遐 (MC hae).

    Pronunciation Edit

    Hanja Edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    假 (eumhun 멀 하 (meol ha))

    1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 遐 (“Hanja form? of 하 (“afar; distant”).”)

    Etymology 3 Edit

    From Middle Chinese 假 / 格 (MC kak|kaek).

    Pronunciation Edit

    Hanja Edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    假 (eumhun 이를 격 (ireul gyeok))

    1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 格 (“Hanja form? of 격 (“to come; to arrive; to go to”).”)

    References Edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Tày Edit

    Adjective Edit

    假 (transliteration needed)

    1. Nôm form of chá (“fake”).

    Vietnamese Edit

    Han character Edit

    假: Hán Nôm readings: giả[1][2][3], giá[1][2][4], hạ[4], hà[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of giả (“false, fake”).
    2. (only in compounds) chữ Hán form of giá, giả (“if, assuming”).

    Compounds Edit

    References Edit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn (1974).
    3. ^ Trần (1999).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Trần (2004).
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